5 th <strong>European</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Virology</strong>Friday 13 th September 2013, 8h30 – 10h30KEYNOTE:WORKSHOP 28: “GASTROINTESTINAL VIRALINFECTIONS”Chairpersons: Julie PFEIFFER (Dallas, USA)& Lennart SVENSSON (Linköping, SWEDEN)Room Tête d’OrGenotypic and Epidemiologic Trends <strong>of</strong> Viral Gastroenteritis InfectionsJan VINJEHead National Calicivirus Laboratory, Director CaliciNet, Division <strong>of</strong>Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),Atlanta, USAAmong the gastroenteritis viruses, noroviruses are the leading cause <strong>of</strong>acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in humans worldwide and they recentlysurpassed rotavirus as most important cause <strong>of</strong> medically-attended gastroenteritisin children < 5 years <strong>of</strong> age. Sapoviruses, astroviruses andadenovirus type 40/41 are primarily associated with disease in young children.An estimated 71,000 hospitalizations and 800 deaths due to norovirusoccur in the US each year and a significant proportion <strong>of</strong> all foodborneoutbreaks can be attributed to norovirus. Food may become contaminatedat the source (i.e., irrigation, shellfish) or at point <strong>of</strong> service (e.g. infectedfoodhandler). Recent advances in standardized virus detection and typingmethods integrated in comprehensive surveillance networks (CaliciNet,NVSN, FBVE, NoroNet) have let to a better understanding <strong>of</strong> the impact<strong>of</strong> norovirus gastroenteritis among different risk groups as well as trendsin strain distribution over the years. Worldwide, the majority <strong>of</strong> norovirusoutbreaks are caused by genotype GII.4, <strong>of</strong> which new strains (GII.42006b, GII.4 2009 New Orleans, GII.4 2012 Sydney) emerge every 3years. An interesting trend which is not completely understood is that certainnon-GII.4 genotypes (GI.6, GI.7, GII.6, GII.7, and GII.12) are morelikely associated with foodborne outbreaks. Recent research on specificintervention therapies, such as antivirals or vaccines, have demonstratedthat these measures may become available to reduce disease burden in themost vulnerable groups such as the elderly and healthcare workers.ORAL COMMUINCATIONSREF O95Lewis negative phenotype is a strong restriction factor for genotypeP[8] rotavirus infectionsJohan NORDGREN 1 , Filemon BUCARDO 2 , Sumit SHARMA 1 , GökçeGÜNAYDIN 3 , Waqas NASIR 4 , Djeneba OUERMI 5 , León NITIEMA 5 ,Sylvia BECKER DREPS 6 , Margarita PANIAGUA 2 , JacquesSIMPORE 5 , Göran LARSON 4 , Lennart HAMMARSTRÖM 3 , LennartSVENSSON 11 Division <strong>of</strong> Molecular <strong>Virology</strong>, Linköping University, Linköping,SWEDEN; 2 Department <strong>of</strong> Microbiology, University <strong>of</strong> León, León,NICARAGUA; 3 Division <strong>of</strong> Clinical Immunology, Karolinska UniversityHospital Huddinge, Stockholm, SWEDEN; 4 Department <strong>of</strong> Clinical Chemistryand Transfusion Medicine, University <strong>of</strong> Gothenburg, Gothenburg,SWEDEN; 5 Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni SaintCamille CERBA/LABIOGENE, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou,BURKINA FASO; 6 Department <strong>of</strong> Family Medicine, University <strong>of</strong>North Carolina School <strong>of</strong> Medicine, Chapel Hill, USAThe rotavirus (RV) surface protein VP4, is responsible for viral attachmentand entry. Two VP4 genotypes P[4] and P[8] are common worldwide,while genotype P[6] is more common in Africa. A recent in vitro studyshowed binding <strong>of</strong> these P genotypes to human histo blood group antigens(HBGAs), suggesting them as putative receptors.Here, we show that the Lewis HBGAs are strong restriction factors forcertain RV P genotypes. In Burkina Faso, we investigated HBGA salivaphenotypes (Lewis a and b) in children with diarrhoea (n=208). The Lewisnegative phenotype (Lea b), was unusually common in Burkina Faso(32%). Notably, P[8] RV strains (n=28) infected only Lewis positive children,mainly Lewis b (Lea b+, p
5 th <strong>European</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Virology</strong>REF O97Emerging and common genotypes <strong>of</strong> Rotavirus among children withsevere diarrhea in Italy, 2007 2012Franco Maria RUGGERI 1 , Roberto DELOGU 2 , Giovanni IANIRO 2 ,Lucia FIORE 2 , ROTANET ITALY STUDY GROUP 21 Dept. <strong>of</strong> Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Istituto Superiore diSanità, Rome, ITALY; 2 National Center for Immunobiologicals Researchand Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, ITALYRotavirus causes most acute diarrhea cases in infants worldwide. Despitemost <strong>of</strong> the 450,000 annual deaths are in developing world areas, morbidityis high also in industrialized countries, calling for universal use <strong>of</strong>vaccines. Rotavirus has a segmented RNA genome, and reassortment betweenthe 11 RNA segments during dual strain infections is a major drive<strong>of</strong> virus evolution. Some animal strains adapt to infect man after zoonotictransmission and reassortment. Although human disease is mostly relatedto rotavirus genotypes G1 4, or G9, and P[4] or P[8], uncommon strainssometimes emerge and spread, raising concerns on vaccine herd immunity.Thus, molecular surveillance is useful to early detect emerging rotaviruses<strong>of</strong> animal or exotic origin. The RotaNet Italy surveillance networkwas established in Italy in 2007, and is linked to the EuroRotaNet network,including 17 <strong>European</strong> partners. Between 2007 2012, approximately 7,000rotaviruses from pediatric patients throughout Italy were genotyped. Mostviral strains belonged to common G and P types, but approximately 1.2%<strong>of</strong> rotaviruses were defined as uncommon, with respect to one or boththe G and P genotype. In particular, strains with rare G6P[6], G6P[9],G8P[4] and G12P[8] genotypes were subjected to detailed genome characterizationto explore their origin and evolution. In all cases, eight <strong>of</strong> the11 genome segments were sequenced, including genes for capsid proteinsVP4, VP7, VP6, and non structural proteins NSP1 5. Phylogenetic analysisconfirmed either exotic origin or partial reassortment with autochthonousrotaviruses.REF O98Unexplained diarrhoea in HIV 1 infected individualsBas OUDE MUNNINK 1 , Marta CANUTI 1 , Martin DEIJS 1 , Michel DEVRIES 1 , Maarten JEBBINK 1 , Sjoerd REBERS 1 , RichardMOLENKAMP 1 , Formijn VAN HEMERT 1 , Fransje SNIJDERS 2 , LiaVAN DER HOEK 1 , Cees SOL 11 Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS; 2 RivasBeatrix Hospital, Gorichem, THE NETHERLANDSGastrointestinal symptoms, in particular diarrhoea, are common in nontreated HIV infected persons. Although various enteric pathogens havebeen implicated, the etiology <strong>of</strong> diarrhoea remains unexplained in a largeproportion <strong>of</strong> HIV 1 infected patients. The hypothesis is that unexplaineddiarrhoea could be caused by yet unidentified pathogens, or by HIV 1itself. In this study we investigated stool samples <strong>of</strong> 196 HIV 1 infected persons,<strong>of</strong> whom 44 had diarrhoea. In 52% <strong>of</strong> the diarrhoea cases a causativeagent could be identified via sensitive detection assays (mostly norovirus),yet 48% remained enteropathogen negative. Among these enteropathogennegative cases, HIV 1 shedding in stool was frequently observed (67%),and there was more frequently HIV 1 RNA in diarrhoea stool samplesthan in non diarrhoea (p=0.05). A search for unknown or unexpectedpathogens was performed using virus discovery cDNA AFLP combinedwith Roche 454 sequencing (VIDISCA 454). Although a range <strong>of</strong> newor recently identified pathogens was identified (e.g. cosavirus, aichivirus,human gyrovirus, NANB 1 virus and a previously unknown virus:IASV (immunodeficiency associated virus)), investigation <strong>of</strong> diarrhoeaand control samples revealed that no association with disease is present.In conclusion, unexplained diarrhoea in HIV 1 infected patients is probablynot caused by yet unknown pathogens, but it seems more likelythat HIV 1 itself causes intestinal mucosal abnormalities which leads todiarrhoea.REF O99Rotavirus infections in young children in Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamPhan VU TRA MY 1,2 , Celeste DONATO 3 , Daniel COWLEY 3 , CorinneTHOMPSON 1,4 , Maia RABAA 1,4 , Hoang Le PHUC 5 , Pham Thi NgocTUYET 6 , Ha VINH 2 , Nguyen Tran CHINH 2 , Tang Chi THUONG 5 ,HaManh TUAN 6 , James CAMPBELL 1,4 , Jeremy FARRAR 1,4 , CarlKIRKWOOD 3 , Stephen BAKER 1,4,71 Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh, VIETNAM;2 Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh, VIETNAM; 3 Murdoch ChildrensResearch Institute, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA; 4 Centre for TropicalMedicine, Oxford, UNITED KINGDOM; 5 Children’s Hospital 1, Ho ChiMinh, VIETNAM; 6 Children’s Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh, VIETNAM; 7 TheLondon School for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UNITEDKINGDOMDespite the introduction <strong>of</strong> rotavirus (RV) vaccine, this enteric pathogenremains the principal cause <strong>of</strong> acute childhood diarrhea globally. RVinfections are particularly problematic in industrializing countries wherevaccine uptake has been limited and as a consequence <strong>of</strong> a lack <strong>of</strong> routinediagnosis, there is little data on the diversity <strong>of</strong> circulating RV genotypes.We performed a prospective hospital based study <strong>of</strong> RV induced diarrheabetween May 2009 and April 2010 to investigate the distribution <strong>of</strong> RVcausing diarrheal disease in children under the age <strong>of</strong> five years in Ho ChiMinh City, Vietnam. RV was detected in 46.8% <strong>of</strong> hospitalized diarrhealpatients (664/1,419), among which, 11.6% (74/664) were co infected withan additional viral and/or a bacterial pathogen. Genotyping <strong>of</strong> 664 RVisolates demonstrated a preponderance <strong>of</strong> G1 (81.9%) and P[8] (96.4%)genotypes with other genotypes detected at lower frequencies. Within therarer genotypes, we identified a novel G26 (0.6%) and GP combinations<strong>of</strong> G3P[19] (0.2%), G9P[19] (1.4%) and G26P[19] (0.6%). The G26 RVhas been reported in a piglet before, but not reported in humans, leadingto our hypothesis that this novel G26P[19] RV may be a reassortment <strong>of</strong>human and porcine RV strains. We performed whole genome sequencingfor a representative G26P[19] strain, and identified genome constellation<strong>of</strong> human derived and porcine related segments (G26 P[19] I5 R1 C1 M1A8 N1 T1 E1 H1). These data show that diverse RV genotypes causechildhood diarrhea and highlights the potential <strong>of</strong> zoonotic transfer <strong>of</strong> RVstrains from pigs to human.REF O100Molecular dating in the evolution <strong>of</strong> primate bocavirusesIgor BABKIN 1 , Irina BABKINA 1 , Aleksandr TUMENTSEV 2 , ArtemTIKUNOV 1,2 , Aleksander KURILSHIKOV 1 , Nina TIKUNOVA 11 Institute <strong>of</strong> Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk,RUSSIA; 2 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, RUSSIAHuman bocavirus (HBoV) is associated with acute gastroenteritis inhumans, occurring mostly in young children and elderly people. Fourbocavirus genotypes have been found so far. Since there were no data onthe contribution <strong>of</strong> HBoV to gastroenteritis in Russia, 1781 fecal samplesS78 Vi<strong>rologie</strong>, Vol 17, supplément 2, septembre 2013
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