Evaluating User Experience in Games: Concepts and Methods - Lirmm

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160 K. Poels et al. If our train is delayed, I often think: I wish I had a Hearthstone; a WoW object that transports you to a specific location in no time. (Male participant, 23 years) Most participants also recognized game elements showing up in dreams. The specific content of game-related dreams differed from one participant to the other. Some reported dreaming about the social aspects of the game, or dreaming about people from the game in the form of their game characters. Others described dreaming about specific quests or actions that happened in the game. I don’t dream about raids in the game, but I do dream about social aspects from the game. I sometimes see people from the game pop up in my dreams in the form of their game characters. (Male participant, 31 years) Sometimes, in my dreams, in see my game character killing certain monsters in a certain area, trying to get certain items. Or, when I lost in a player vs. player battle, I dream of winning by doing things differently. (Male participant, 21 years) Language and expressions used in the game did also seem to show up in the everyday vocabulary and thinking processes of our participants. I sometimes use WoW words when talking to my kids. For example, if they ask: “dad, can I get some money”, I say: “Gold? Eh, money”. Or, if someone does something really stupid, I use the word “noob”, a word that is often used in MMORPGs to refer to someone who does not know the rules. (Male participant, 45 years) For many small things you think in the terminology of the game. For example, someone accidentally drops something, you think aloud “WTF!” (= what the f∗ck!). Such things happen to me quite often, but I try to only use them when talking to people from whom I know they are gamers as well. (Male participant, 31 years) Most participants agreed that the above-mentioned experiences seemed to happen more often immediately after game play, or in periods in which they game very intensively (e.g., during holidays). In some circumstances, this led to difficulties in stepping back to the real world. If I have gamed very intensively, I notice that I start using game related words and expression more often. (Male participant, 23 years) During holidays I play a lot more than during school periods. If I then return to school, it takes me a while to adapt to daily routine, to directly interact with people again. (Male participant, 23 years) Also, these long-term experiences seem to build up gradually and become more activated when playing a particular game for a long period of time. Some participants even reported that they completely internalize the game world as a part of “their life.” It became a part of their identity. Playing games has had an influence on my personality, my vocabulary, and on the way I perceive the world. This is not a short term process, it is a process of years and it will probably still last for years. (Male participant, 22 years) Interestingly, some participants mentioned that they started interpreting particular real-world situations, influenced by how these situations do occur in games. As such, what happens in the game world cultivates expectancies of what might happen in similar situations in real life.
9 Digital Games, the Aftermath 161 If I see a dark alley, I –unconsciously– try to avoid that. Or dark and dirty bathrooms, I don’t like those. (Male participant, 21 years) To conclude, postgame experiences surfaced through this focus group study provided clear examples of how, for habitual players of MMORPGs, the game world influences real-world perceptions, emotions, cognitions, and behavior. This supports our conceptualization of long-term postgame experiences, we made earlier in this chapter. 9.4 Discussion and Conclusion This chapter introduced and conceptualized the concept of postgame experiences and explored firsthand descriptions of postgame experiences surfaced through focus groups. Results from these focus groups show that a large variety of postgame experiences exist, both on the short and long term, both positive and negative ones. Moreover, experiences that participants from our focus groups described largely followed our initial conceptualization, which was based on academic literature on players’ motivation and in-game experiences and on theories from other fields of research such as perception theory and media psychology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first chapter that highlights postgame experiences. We took the first step in approaching the concept of postgame experiences in an exploratory way by using a qualitative research method. The current study – inevitably – holds some limitations that need to be addressed in future research. We outline some suggestions below. The current study did only include focus groups as one single method to study potential postgame experiences. Although this is an appropriate method for first explorations in this area, future studies should include other measures and methods. We are planning to design and conduct a large-scale survey aimed at consolidating the different types of postgame experiences and determining the potential impact of a number of play style factors, such as play frequency and duration. Also, future studies should investigate the occurrence of postgame experiences in a more continuous and long-term manner, for example by using the diary method. Our second focus group showed that long-term postgame experiences are at play for habitual players. The main limitation of this study was that it only included habitual players of MMORPGs as one specific game genre. As such, the experiences described by our participants can be specific for this type of games. Future studies are needed to explore long-term postgame experiences induced by other popular game genres such as First Person Shooters, Race games, Simulation games, etc. Additionally, it would be interesting to see how the nature and the occurrence of long-term postgame experiences differ between casual and habitual gamers. Besides future research suggestions that arise from the limitation of our own study, results from the current study also give rise to some new research questions. More specifically, the current studies showed that several postgame experiences are probably not really unique to gaming. Our focus groups already revealed that some experiences, like relief and relaxation, do also apply to other leisure activities. It
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Human-Computer Interaction Series E
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Regina Bernhaupt Editor Evaluating
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For Philippe
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viii Foreword Chapter 3, Presence I
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x Foreword personality which evolve
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Contents Part I Introduction to Eva
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Contributors Regina Bernhaupt IRIT,
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Contributors xvii Manfred Tscheligi
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xx About the Authors Emily Brown is
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xxii About the Authors a post-docto
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xxiv About the Authors Christina Ko
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xxvi About the Authors MIT Media La
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xxviii About the Authors Theft Auto
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Chapter 1 User Experience Evaluatio
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1 User Experience Evaluation in Ent
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1 User Experience Evaluation in Ent
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Chapter 2 Enabling Social Play: A F
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2 Enabling Social Play 13 It is als
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2 Enabling Social Play 15 observati
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2 Enabling Social Play 17 for playe
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2 Enabling Social Play 19 to provid
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2 Enabling Social Play 21 Colwell J
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Chapter 3 Presence, Involvement, an
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3 Presence, Involvement, and Flow i
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74 E. Brown (2005). Björk and Holo
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78 E. Brown could be simulated on p
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80 E. Brown 5.3.2 Pre-production At
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82 E. Brown from the code. This is
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84 E. Brown At this point, there is
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86 E. Brown Game developers have be
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Chapter 6 Investigating Experiences
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6 Investigating Experiences and Att
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226 M. Brown et al. Count 450 400 3
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228 M. Brown et al. feedback. Thus,
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230 M. Brown et al. Desurvivre H, C
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Chapter 13 Using Heuristics to Eval
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Index A Advanced interaction games,
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