Evaluating User Experience in Games: Concepts and Methods - Lirmm

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46 J. Takatalo et al. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (2001) Using Multivariate Statistics. Allyn & Bacon, Needham Heights, MA. Takatalo J, Häkkinen J, Kaistinen J, Komulainen J, Särkelä H, Nyman G (2006a) Adaptation into a game: Involvement and presence in four different PC-games. In: Proceedings of FuturePlay 2006. Takatalo J, Häkkinen J, Lehtonen M, Kaistinen J, Nyman G (Submitted) Experiencing flow in digital games. Takatalo J, Häkkinen J, Lehtonen M, Komulainen J, Kaistinen J, Nyman G (2008) User Experience in playing a digital game in different situations. In: Proceedings of IADIS Gaming 2008, pp. 3–10. Takatalo J, Häkkinen J, Särkelä H, Komulainen J, Nyman G (2004) The experiential dimensions of two different digital games. In: Proceedings of Presence 2004, UPV, pp. 274–278. Takatalo J, Häkkinen J, Särkelä H, Komulainen J, Nyman G (2006b) Involvement and presence in digital gaming. In: Proceedings of NordiCHI 2006, ACM Press, Norway, pp. 393–396. Tarkkonen L, Vehkalahti K (2005) Measurement errors in multivariate measurement scales. Journal of Multivariate Analysis 96: 172–189. Usoh M, Catena E, Arman S, Slater M (2000) Using presence questionnaires in reality. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Enviroments 9: 497–503. Vehkalahti K, Puntanen S, Tarkkonen L (2009) Implications of dimensionality on measurement reliability. In: Schipp B, Kräer W (ed) Statistical Inference, Econometric Analysis and Matrix Algebra. Springer, New York. Vehkalahti K, Puntanen S, Tarkkonen L (2006) Estimation of reliability: A better alternative for Cronbach’s alpha. Reports on Mathematics, Preprint 430, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Finland. http://mathstat.helsinki.fi/reports/Preprint430.pdf. Accessed March, 2009. Webster J, Martocchio JJ (1992) Microcomputer playfulness: Development of a measure with workplace implications. MIS Quarterly 16: 201–226. Winn B (2006) Serious games construction workshop. Half-day workshop given at FuturePlay 2006. In: Proceedings of FuturePlay 2006. Witmer B, Singer M (1998) Measuring presence in virtual environments: A presence questionnaire. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 7: 225–240. Wood RTA, Griffiths MD, Chappell D, Davies MNO (2004) The structural characteristics of video games: A psycho-structural analysis. CyberPsychology & Behavior 7: 1–10. Wundt WM (1897) Outlines of psychology [Judd CH, Trans.] http://psychclassics.yorku. ca/Wundt/Outlines/. Accessed April 2002. Zaichkowsky JL (1985) Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research 12: 341–352.
Chapter 4 Assessing the Core Elements of the Gaming Experience Eduardo H. Calvillo-Gámez, Paul Cairns, and Anna L. Cox Abstract This chapter presents the theory of the Core Elements of the Gaming Experience (CEGE). The CEGE are the necessary but not sufficient conditions to provide a positive experience while playing video-games. This theory, formulated using qualitative methods, is presented with the aim of studying the gaming experience objectively. The theory is abstracted using a model and implemented in questionnaire. This chapter discusses the formulation of the theory, introduces the model, and shows the use of the questionnaire in an experiment to differentiate between two different experiences. In loving memory of Samson Cairns 4.1 The Experience of Playing Video-games The experience of playing video-games is usually understood as the subjective relation between the user and the video-game beyond the actual implementation of the game. The implementation is bound by the speed of the microprocessors of the gaming console, the ergonomics of the controllers, and the usability of the interface. Experience is more than that, it is also considered as a personal relationship. Understanding this relationship as personal is problematic under a scientific scope. Personal and subjective knowledge does not allow a theory to be generalised or falsified (Popper 1994). In this chapter, we propose a theory for understanding the experience of playing video-games, or gaming experience, that can be used to assess and compare different experiences. This section introduces the approach taken towards understanding the gaming experience under the aforementioned perspective. It begins by presenting an E.H. Calvillo-Gámez (B) División de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información, Universidad Politécnica de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México e-mail: e.calvillo@upslp.edu.mx R. Bernhaupt (ed.), Evaluating User Experience in Games, Human-Computer Interaction Series, DOI 10.1007/978-1-84882-963-3_4, C○ Springer-Verlag London Limited 2010 47
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Human-Computer Interaction Series E
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Regina Bernhaupt Editor Evaluating
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For Philippe
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viii Foreword Chapter 3, Presence I
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x Foreword personality which evolve
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Contents Part I Introduction to Eva
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Contributors Regina Bernhaupt IRIT,
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Contributors xvii Manfred Tscheligi
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xx About the Authors Emily Brown is
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Index A Advanced interaction games,
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