Evaluating User Experience in Games: Concepts and Methods - Lirmm

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242 C. Koeffel et al. tabletop games (see Section 13.7) or mobile games. Hence, the heuristics treating game play/game story and the virtual interface are generally applicable to video games as they are formulated in Table 13.1. For use with other devices (i.e., input devices, setups, etc.), the third (device- and application-specific) part was formulated. Therefore, all possible eventualities offered by those games can be covered. In the following, the heuristics of the sections game play/game story and virtual interface of the framework will be listed. As an example for the modularity of the framework, the heuristics concerning special properties of tabletop games will be introduced in Section 13.7. Game play/game story Table 13.1 Heuristics concerning game play/game story and virtual interface No. Heuristic Source 1 The player should be presented with “clear goals” early enough or be able to create her own goals and “should be able to understand and identify them”. There can be “multiple goals on each level” so that there are more strategies to win. Furthermore, the player should know how to reach the goal without getting stuck 2 The player should receive meaningful rewards. “The acquisition of skills” could also be a reward 3 The player should “feel that she is in control”. That includes the “control over the character” as well as the “impact on the game world”. “The controls should allow management that is appropriate to the challenge.” “Changes the player makes to the game world should be persistent and noticeable.” Furthermore, the player should be able to “respond to threats and opportunities” 4 “Challenge, strategy and pace should be in balance.” “Challenges should be positive game experiences” 5 “The first-time experience is encouraging” 6 The “meaningful game story should support the game play” and be “discovered as part of the game play” 7 “The game does not stagnate” and the player feels the progress (Federoff 2002, Desurvire et al. 2004, Koivisto and Korhonen 2006, Schaffer 2007) (Federoff 2002, Koivisto and Korhonen 2006) (Desurvire et al. 2004, Koivisto and Korhonen 2006, Schaffer 2007, Pinelle et al. 2008) (Desurvire et al. 2004, Koivisto and Korhonen 2006) (Koivisto and Korhonen 2006) (Desurvire et al. 2004, Koivisto and Korhonen 2006) (Koivisto and Korhonen 2006, Schaffer 2007)
13 Using Heuristics to Evaluate the Overall User Experience 243 Table 13.1 (continued) No. Heuristic Source 8 The game should be consistent and “respond to the user’s action in a predictable manner”. This includes “consistency between the game elements and the overarching settings as well as the story”. The story should “suspend disbelief” and be perceived as a single vision, i.e. the story should be planned through to the end 9 “It should be clear what’s happening in the game, the player should understand failure conditions and be given space for making mistakes” 10 “There should be variable difficulty levels” for a “greater challenge”. The game should be “easy to learn, but hard to master” 11 The game and the outcome should be perceived as being fair 12 The game itself should be replayable and the player should enjoy playing it. Nevertheless, “challenging tasks should not be required to be completed more than once”. The challenge should create the desire to play more. This includes also the possibility to skip non-playable and repeating content if not required by the game play 13 “The artificial intelligence should be reasonable”, “visible to the player, consistent with the player’s expectations” and “yet unpredictable” 14 The game should be “paced to apply pressure but not frustrate the player” 15 The “learning curve should be shortened”. The “user’s expectations should be met”, and the player should have “enough information to get immediately started”. Tutorials and adjustable levels should be able to involve the player quickly and provided upon request throughout the entire game 16 “The game emotionally transports the player into a level of personal involvement (e.g., scare, threat, thrill, reward and punishment)” (Desurvire et al. 2004, Koivisto and Korhonen 2006, Pinelle et al. 2008) (Schaffer 2007) (Federoff 2002, Desurvire et al. 2004, Pinelle et al. 2008) (Federoff 2002, Desurvire et al. 2004) (Desurvire et al. 2004, Schaffer 2007, Pinelle et al. 2008) (Federoff 2002, Desurvire et al. 2004, Röcker and Haar 2006, Pinelle et al. 2008) (Federoff 2002, Desurvire et al. 2004) (Federoff 2002, Desurvire et al. 2004, Röcker and Haar 2006, Schaffer 2007, Pinelle et al. 2008) (Desurvire et al. 2004)
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Human-Computer Interaction Series E
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Regina Bernhaupt Editor Evaluating
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For Philippe
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viii Foreword Chapter 3, Presence I
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x Foreword personality which evolve
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Contents Part I Introduction to Eva
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Contributors Regina Bernhaupt IRIT,
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Contributors xvii Manfred Tscheligi
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xx About the Authors Emily Brown is
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xxiv About the Authors Christina Ko
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xxvi About the Authors MIT Media La
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xxviii About the Authors Theft Auto
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Chapter 1 User Experience Evaluatio
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1 User Experience Evaluation in Ent
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1 User Experience Evaluation in Ent
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Chapter 2 Enabling Social Play: A F
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2 Enabling Social Play 17 for playe
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