Evaluating User Experience in Games: Concepts and Methods - Lirmm

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176 M. Lankes et al. categories. The overall color of settings and its lightness are slightly toned down to avoid affective-related influence. The blue prints for the construction of virtual settings are derived from the situations of study 1. Most descriptions of prestudy 1 indicate a physical context by containing words such as “airport,” “home,” or “town.” We thus constructed eight contextual settings, one airport setting, two town settings, and five home settings for the eight emotion-eliciting situations. Eight settings were available as text (for the still images), and eight virtual settings were additionally constructed for the interactive setting of the main experiment. Similar to study 1, the fragments of emotion-eliciting situations should be judged by presenting the six basic emotions, and intensity was rated on a scale from 1 to 8. Thirty participants (14 male, 16 female) aged 22 to 57 took part in the evaluation. The evaluation of text fragments and virtual settings led to a total number of 16 stimuli (eight images of virtual settings plus eight split up emotioneliciting situations). As in prestudy 2, the questionnaire presents stimuli via an LCD display to match the presentation as close as possible in regard to the main experiment. Table 10.3 presents the emotion ratings for the eight text fragments describing the context of the eight emotion-eliciting situations (see again Table 10.2) and the rating of the emotional judgment of the eight virtual scenarios (which should not influence the experiment, thus ratings should be below 2.00 on average). 10.3.5 Experiment: Facial Expression and User Experience The goal of the main experiment was to evaluate the impact emotion-eliciting situations and facial expressions on the overall user experience. We manipulated two conditions: condition one was the influence of a consonant/dissonant contextual descriptions. Condition two was the influence of either a “still” situation (frame), the “animated” (animation clips) situation, or the “interactive” situation (game environment). The following hypotheses are related to the general research question on how emotional facial expressions of ECAs and emotion-eliciting situations influence the user experience: • (H1) The overall user experience in the interactive situation is rated higher than the user experience in animation scenario and the still scenario. • (H2) The animation scenario in terms of user experience is rated higher than the still scenario. • (H3) The perceived user experience will be the higher for consonant settings than for settings with dissonant stimuli. The experiment is based on 576 possible stimuli. Four consonant scenarios presenting the four selected basic emotions (joy, fear, anger, and sadness) and 12 dissonant settings, each performed by one out of six possible virtual actors, embedded in eight different emotion-eliciting situations. Since the experimental setup consists
10 Evaluating User Experience Factors Using Experiments 177 Table 10.3 Ratings of the stimuli for the emotion-eliciting situations and ratings for the virtual settings showing that the design does not influence the emotion elicitation Stimulus Joy Fear Anger Sadness Disgust Surprise Stimulus Joy Fear Anger Sadness Disgust Surprise T_Aa4 6.87 0.40 0.17 0.03 0.70 0.00 V_Aa4 0.53 0.80 0.17 0.63 0.43 0.13 T_Ab3 6.73 0.17 0.20 0.40 1.33 0.20 V_Ab3 1.30 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.63 0.37 T_Bb3 0.80 0.90 0.63 6.57 1.37 0.30 V_Bb3 1.03 0.27 0.07 0.10 0.53 0.10 T_Bb4 0.17 1.03 1.37 6.93 1.37 0.33 V_Bb4 0.37 1.17 0.20 0.33 0.27 0.17 T_Cb1 0.13 5.97 1.23 0.23 0.87 0.27 V_Cb1 1.30 0.23 0.10 0.17 0.77 0.13 T_Cb3 0.10 0.47 5.80 1.27 1.63 0.00 V_Cb3 1.67 0.20 0.17 0.07 0.80 0.10 T_Da1 0.10 0.47 5.80 1.27 1.63 0.00 V_Da1 1.10 0.03 0.23 0.03 0.37 0.03 T_Db1 0.03 0.40 6.83 1.50 1.53 0.83 V_Db1 1.57 0.47 0.23 0.10 1.23 0.27
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Human-Computer Interaction Series E
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Regina Bernhaupt Editor Evaluating
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For Philippe
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viii Foreword Chapter 3, Presence I
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x Foreword personality which evolve
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Contents Part I Introduction to Eva
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Contributors Regina Bernhaupt IRIT,
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Contributors xvii Manfred Tscheligi
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xx About the Authors Emily Brown is
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xxii About the Authors a post-docto
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xxiv About the Authors Christina Ko
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xxvi About the Authors MIT Media La
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xxviii About the Authors Theft Auto
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Chapter 1 User Experience Evaluatio
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1 User Experience Evaluation in Ent
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1 User Experience Evaluation in Ent
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Chapter 2 Enabling Social Play: A F
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2 Enabling Social Play 13 It is als
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2 Enabling Social Play 15 observati
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2 Enabling Social Play 17 for playe
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2 Enabling Social Play 19 to provid
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2 Enabling Social Play 21 Colwell J
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Chapter 3 Presence, Involvement, an
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3 Presence, Involvement, and Flow i
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74 E. Brown (2005). Björk and Holo
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84 E. Brown At this point, there is
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Chapter 6 Investigating Experiences
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Index A Advanced interaction games,
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