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viii CONTENTS 7.1.2.2 VOR Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 7.1.2.3 ILS Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 7.1.2.4 GPS Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 7.2 Using X-Plane’s Navigation Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 7.2.1 Additional Features of the Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 7.3 Using the Autopilot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 7.3.1 Turning It On and Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 7.3.2 Using the Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 7.3.2.1 Wing Leveler and Pitch Sync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 7.3.2.2 Heading, Altitude, Vertical Speed, Speed Hold, Flight Level Change, and Auto-Throttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 7.3.2.3 Pitch Sync with the Pitch Sync Joystick Button . . . . . . . . . . . 80 7.3.2.4 Localizer and Glideslope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 7.3.3 Flying an ILS Using LOC and G/S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 7.3.4 Flying an FMS Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 7.4 Flying on Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 7.4.1 Keeping a Sense of Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 7.4.2 Gyroscopes and Their Application in Flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 7.4.3 The Primary Flight Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 8 Special Situations in X-Plane 87 8.1 Using an Instructor Operator Station (IOS) for Flight Training . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 8.2 Flying Gliders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 8.3 Flying Helicopters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 8.4 Flying the Space Shuttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 8.4.1 Walkthrough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 8.5 Flying the X-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 8.6 Simulating Combat in X-Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 8.6.1 Configuring Your Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 8.6.2 Adding Enemy Aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 8.6.3 Equipping Your Aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 8.6.4 Arming Weapons and Fighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 8.6.4.1 Targeting Enemy Aircraft and Using Missiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 8.6.5 Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 8.7 Performing Carrier Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 8.8 Flying a Boeing 747 with the Piggybacking Space Shuttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 8.9 Fighting Forest Fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 8.10 Flying in Non-Standard Gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 8.11 Flying Other Special Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 9 Expert Essays 105 9.1 Tuning the Handling of Aircraft X-Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 9.2 Setting Up a Copilot’s Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 9.3 Configuring a Multi-Monitor Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 9.3.1 Driving Multiple Displays from One Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 9.3.2 Networking Multiple Computers for Multiple Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 9.3.2.1 Lining Up the Horizon (Without Vertical Offsets) . . . . . . . . . . 109 9.3.2.2 Correcting for Monitor Bezels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
CONTENTS ix 9.3.2.3 Using Other Special Viewing Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 A Airfoil Maker Supplement 111 A.1 Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 A.1.1 About . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 A.1.2 File Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 A.2 Designing an Airfoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 A.2.1 The Coefficient Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 A.2.2 Reynolds Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 A.2.3 Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 A.2.3.1 Coefficient of Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 A.2.3.2 Coefficient of Drag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 A.2.3.3 Coefficient of Moment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 A.2.4 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 A.2.4.1 Finding Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 A.2.4.2 Recommended Background Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 A.2.4.3 Types of Airfoils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 A.2.5 Generating Airfoils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 A.2.5.1 Coefficient of Lift Intercept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 A.2.5.2 Coefficient of Lift Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 A.2.5.3 Coefficient of Lift Curvature Near the Stall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 A.2.5.4 Coefficient of Lift Maximum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 A.2.5.5 Coefficient of Lift Immediate Drop at Stall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 A.2.5.6 Coefficient of Lift Curvature After the Stall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 A.2.5.7 Coefficient of Lift Drop from Stall to 20 Degrees . . . . . . . . . . . 118 A.2.5.8 Coefficient of Drag Minimum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 A.2.5.9 Coefficient of Lift at Which Minimum Drag Occurs . . . . . . . . . 118 A.2.5.10 Coefficient of Drag at Angle of Attack of 10 Degrees . . . . . . . . . 119 A.2.5.11 Coefficient of Drag Curvature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 A.2.5.12 Laminar Drag Bucket Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 A.2.5.13 Laminar Drag Bucket Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 A.2.5.14 Laminar Drag Bucket Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 A.2.5.15 Laminar Drag Bucket Curvature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 A.2.5.16 Coefficient of Moment Low-Alpha Change Point . . . . . . . . . . . 119 A.2.5.17 Coefficient of Moment High-Alpha Change Point . . . . . . . . . . . 120 A.2.5.18 Coefficient of Moment at 20 Degrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 A.2.5.19 Coefficient of Moment at Low-Alpha Change Point . . . . . . . . . . 120 A.2.5.20 Coefficient of Moment at High-Alpha Change Point . . . . . . . . . 120 A.2.5.21 Coefficient of Moment at 20 Degrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 A.2.6 Finishing Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 A.3 Other Airfoil Maker Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 A.3.1 -180 to +180 Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 A.3.2 Finite L/D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 A.3.3 Camber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Page 1: U L T R A -R E A L IS T IC F L IG H
Page 4 and 5: iv ABOUT THIS MANUAL
Page 6 and 7: vi CONTENTS 3.3.2.1 Special Conside
Page 10 and 11: x CONTENTS B Troubleshooting X-Plan
Page 12 and 13: 2 CHAPTER 1. ABOUT X-PLANE instrume
Page 14 and 15: 4 CHAPTER 1. ABOUT X-PLANE software
Page 16 and 17: 6 CHAPTER 1. ABOUT X-PLANE Aerospac
Page 18 and 19: 8 CHAPTER 1. ABOUT X-PLANE
Page 20 and 21: 10 CHAPTER 2. QUICK START GUIDE 2.
Page 22 and 23: 12 CHAPTER 2. QUICK START GUIDE Fig
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Page 28 and 29: 18 CHAPTER 3. PREPARATION AND INSTA
Page 38 and 39: 28 CHAPTER 4. CONFIGURING AND TUNIN
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48 CHAPTER 5. FLIGHT IN X-PLANE Fig
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50 CHAPTER 5. FLIGHT IN X-PLANE The
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52 CHAPTER 5. FLIGHT IN X-PLANE wea
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54 CHAPTER 5. FLIGHT IN X-PLANE Mov
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56 CHAPTER 5. FLIGHT IN X-PLANE Ins
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58 CHAPTER 5. FLIGHT IN X-PLANE The
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60 CHAPTER 5. FLIGHT IN X-PLANE 5.1
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62 CHAPTER 5. FLIGHT IN X-PLANE
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64 CHAPTER 6. ADVANCED SIMULATION I
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72 CHAPTER 7. NAVIGATION, AUTOPILOT
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88 CHAPTER 8. SPECIAL SITUATIONS IN
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100 CHAPTER 8. SPECIAL SITUATIONS I
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106 CHAPTER 9. EXPERT ESSAYS deflec
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108 CHAPTER 9. EXPERT ESSAYS There
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110 CHAPTER 9. EXPERT ESSAYS of vie
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112 APPENDIX A. AIRFOIL MAKER SUPPL
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126 APPENDIX B. TROUBLESHOOTING X-P
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132 APPENDIX C. TECH SUPPORT
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134 APPENDIX D. HOW TO FILE A BUG R
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136 APPENDIX D. HOW TO FILE A BUG R
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138 APPENDIX E. COMMISSIONING CUSTO
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140 APPENDIX F. WATER WORLD
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142 APPENDIX G. DATA OUTPUT FROM X-
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166 INDEX OF MENU ITEMS Location Re
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168 INDEX OF MENU ITEMS
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170 GLOSSARY Figure G.1: The flight
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172 GLOSSARY Distance Measuring Equ
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174 GLOSSARY Speed: The change in t
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