Buddhist Romanticism

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actually the whole of the holy life. When a monk has admirable people as friends, companions, & colleagues, he can be expected to develop & pursue the noble eightfold path. “And how does a monk who has admirable people as friends, companions, & colleagues, develop & pursue the noble eightfold path? There is the case where a monk develops right view dependent on seclusion, dependent on dispassion, dependent on cessation, resulting in relinquishment. He develops right resolve… right speech… right action… right livelihood… right effort… right mindfulness… right concentration dependent on seclusion, dependent on dispassion, dependent on cessation, resulting in relinquishment. This is how a monk who has admirable people as friends, companions, & colleagues, develops & pursues the noble eightfold path. “And through this line of reasoning one may know how having admirable people as friends, companions, & colleagues is actually the whole of the holy life: It is in dependence on me as an admirable friend that beings subject to birth have gained release from birth, that beings subject to aging have gained release from aging, that beings subject to death have gained release from death, that beings subject to sorrow, lamentation, pain, distress, & despair have gained release from sorrow, lamentation, pain, distress, & despair. It is through this line of reasoning that one may know how having admirable people as friends, companions, & colleagues is actually the whole of the holy life.” — SN 45:2 § 65. “Monks, when a monk has admirable people as friends, companions, & colleagues, it is to be expected that he will be virtuous, will dwell restrained in accordance with the Pāṭimokkha, consummate in his behavior & sphere of activity, and will train himself, having undertaken the training rules, seeing danger in the slightest faults. “When a monk has admirable people as friends, companions, & colleagues, it is to be expected that he will get to hear at will, easily & without difficulty, talk that is truly sobering and conducive to the opening of awareness, i.e., talk on modesty, contentment, seclusion, nonentanglement, arousing persistence, virtue, concentration, discernment, release, and the knowledge & vision of release. “When a monk has admirable people as friends, companions, & colleagues, it is to be expected that he will keep his persistence aroused for 362
abandoning unskillful qualities and for taking on skillful qualities— steadfast, solid in his effort, not shirking his duties with regard to skillful qualities. “When a monk has admirable people as friends, companions, & colleagues, it is to be expected that he will be discerning, endowed with discernment of arising & passing away—noble, penetrating, leading to the right ending of stress.” — AN 9:1 § 66. “Monks, there are these two assemblies. Which two? The assembly trained in bombast and not in cross-questioning, and the assembly trained in cross-questioning and not in bombast. “And which is the assembly trained in bombast and not in crossquestioning? “There is the case where in any assembly when the discourses of the Tathāgata—deep, deep in their meaning, transcendent, connected with emptiness—are recited, the monks don’t listen, don’t lend ear, don’t set their hearts on knowing them, don’t regard them as worth grasping or mastering. But when discourses that are literary works—the works of poets, elegant in sound, elegant in rhetoric, the work of outsiders, words of disciples—are recited, they listen, they lend ear, they set their hearts on knowing them, they regard them as worth grasping & mastering. Yet when they have mastered that Dhamma, they don’t cross-question one another about it, don’t dissect: ‘How is this? What is the meaning of this?’ They don’t make open what isn’t open, don’t make plain what isn’t plain, don’t dispel doubt on its various doubtful points. This is called an assembly trained in bombast, not in cross-questioning. “And which is the assembly trained in cross-questioning and not in bombast? “There is the case where in any assembly when discourses that are literary works—the works of poets, elegant in sound, elegant in rhetoric, the work of outsiders, words of disciples—are recited, the monks don’t listen, don’t lend ear, don’t set their hearts on knowing them; don’t regard them as worth grasping or mastering. But when the discourses of the Tathāgata—deep, deep in their meaning, transcendent, connected with emptiness—are recited, they listen, they lend ear, they set their hearts on knowing them, they regard them as worth grasping & mastering. And when they have mastered that Dhamma, they cross-question one another 363
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Buddhist Romanticism by Ṭhānissa
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“Both formerly and now, it’s on
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I have found the research and writi
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Buddhist concepts have been placed,
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freedom. In fact, as we will see wh
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Romantics developed the theory of t
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example and start using Buddhist id
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adequate scholarly overview of this
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under the title, “Romancing the B
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Dhamma has to offer. And when more
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As for religion, the Europe of the
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In the Buddha’s telling, his fath
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search, he kept referring to it not
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pleasure and pain, he had not becom
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ought on an attack of dysentery, in
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systems, these four thinkers wrote
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In 1796, he wrote to Friedrich Schl
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While in Leipzig, Friedrich fell in
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and even Fichte—who is best class
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service. Moving with Dorothea to Vi
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distinctive features of Romantic re
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theology, The Christian Faith (1821
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easons, but only aesthetically—i.
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view: “the awareness of being at
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Although there was some appreciatio
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At first, his relations with Fichte
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lackey. If anything, the lectures h
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Diotima to die inadvertently as a r
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Schleiermacher is the only one of t
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need to arrive at a final goal. Thr
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had arrived at a timeless solution
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CHAPTER TWO An Ancient Path The Bud
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foods will assuage them; it has to
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ut in desire. In fact, unbinding is
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accepted as a working hypothesis, f
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alternatives: renunciation, goodwil
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provisionally on the level of munda
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not subject to changes in culture o
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would disappear (§69). This is why
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and being provocative himself—or
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to question the mechanical worldvie
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world. Herschel’s reputation—he
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fellow Romantics addressed and how
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very minor differences of doctrine
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technical rigor from their readers.
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Some typical answers were these:
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human being came from freedom in bo
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any of the three philosophers who h
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university officials had asked him
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‘I serve my friends gladly but—
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them into conflict with one another
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Joy, lovely spark of the gods, daug
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history of the universe; and monism
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well. God was no longer timeless an
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validity or authority. The idea tha
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philosophy as a living, dialectical
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Herder had argued earlier that—be
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fact, the driving force of the nove
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the arts, nevertheless had offered
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time, to experience directly the he
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CHAPTER FOUR The Romantic Universe
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the astronomy and biology of their
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adically different laws, the Romant
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Organic From their study of biology
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completion only when it achieved a
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plant; of all the forms of nature,
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to the wonders of the laws of organ
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This is a serious weakness in the R
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could develop a consistent view of
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this truth was proven by the fact t
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ecause of the good effect it had on
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“O soul! soul! Beauty of the worl
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down by any side in conflicting iss
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society would fall apart. But for t
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minor dissonances in the harmonic p
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than y. With this value judgment, t
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“Julius seemed to be inspired wit
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Schlegel also absorbed a second dic
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His inspiration in gaining this con
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philosophical system, but as a feel
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intuition and feeling are One—whe
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The obverse side of Schleiermacher
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for the laws that govern its behavi
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third type of orientation: the one
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On tolerance: “When you have pers
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Schelling’s and Schlegel’s prog
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and without vestals.” 24 [Julian
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5) Despite its many expressions, th
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with the rest of society. One’s b
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to create his/her own set of belief
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and conditions (§20). 8) Although
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categorical truths (AN 2:18). Simil
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the German Romantics, and Victor Co
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process has been like a river that
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arms of atmosphere; that Unity, tha
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intuitions of the infinite, but als
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Then, however, the essay shifts gea
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unless he speak the phraseology of
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• Freedom defined as the ability
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ut scientific approach available in
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the sciences that would further exp
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would have recognized—of both pas
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attributes to a personality trait:
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character traits that mark a person
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James, like Kant and Fichte, believ
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worldview of a monistic universe in
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dreams so as to help the patient in
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varieties of archetypes, but that t
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Jung’s second reason for seeing p
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own morality at will. In response t
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organic causation. Jung shared with
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“meaning” has no meaning in a s
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modern democratic, pluralistic soci
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“To the extent that all mystical
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human species. As for the personal
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experience, he closed off the possi
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Romantics, though, these various ap
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One: All knowledge, to count as kno
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count, though, his students later f
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This, of course, was a very imagina
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as a form of nihilism, and so Hegel
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To begin with, all three aspects of
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e discovered, as the Buddha claimed
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PERENNIAL PHILOSOPHY While thinkers
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the actual religious tradition that
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people to join its celibate order,
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Huxley then quotes approvingly a pa
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mortification of the flesh as morti
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common to all the world’s great s
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complex interacting systems can be
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knowledge are all one) at the same
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tested through action. Despite Huxl
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Hölderlin, asserted the duty to al
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experience can be seen in that, alt
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CHAPTER SEVEN Buddhist Romanticism
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the possible reasons why Buddhist R
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in the larger scheme of things.…
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* * * The next two principles treat
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connectedness, integrity, and belon
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possibilities, new expressions of a
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to all things. All are part of a sa
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authentic encounter with what is mo
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16) Because religious teachings are
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and the universe as a whole. 20) Re
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engage human suffering at multiple
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The first is that modern society is
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transcendent solution to suffering,
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of a framework that doesn’t deriv
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teach them? And why should they bot
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never seriously challenged this par
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“out there” as a primary realit
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inspiring others to do likewise, so
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Point 10 above makes the assertion
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alternative routes to one and the s
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and doesn’t see a return to that
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Page 328 and 329: APPENDIX Unromantic Dhamma THE DISC
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Page 334 and 335: ecoming.” — AN 3:77 § 10. “I
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Page 360 and 361: “For harm, lord.” “And this g
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Page 368 and 369: Glossary Arahant: A “worthy one
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Page 372 and 373: Endnotes CHAPTER ONE 1. Beiser, Fre
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Page 376 and 377: 5. Ibid., p. 31. 6. Ibid., p. 3. 7.
Page 378 and 379: 54. Ibid., p. 203. 378
Page 380 and 381: York: The Modern Library, 2006. Cot
Page 382 and 383: Cary F. Baynes. Abingdon: Routledge
Page 384 and 385: introduction by Peter Firchow. Minn
Page 386 and 387: Table of Contents Titlepage 2 Copyr
Page 388: Kamma & Further Becoming 332 Desire
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Buddhist Romanticism

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