Buddhist Romanticism

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Table of Contents Titlepage 2 Copyright 3 Acknowledgements 5 Questioning Buddhist Romanticism 7 How to Read this Book 20 Dramatis Personae 21 The Buddha 23 Five Early Romantics 30 Novalis (1772–1801) 32 Friedrich Schlegel (1772–1829) 35 Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768–1834) 40 Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843) 44 Friedrich Schelling (1775–1854) 50 Shaping the Romantic Experience 54 An Ancient Path 64 Suffering, Its Cause, Its Cessation 65 The Path 68 How the Buddha Taught 73 Keeping the Path Open 76 An Age of Tendencies 79 Science 81 Politics 85 Philosophy 91 Kant 91 Fichte 96 Schiller 98 Herder 104 Plato 111 Literature 113 386
The Romantic Universe 122 Symphilosophy 123 Unity 124 Organic 128 Infinite 134 The Attractions of Freedom 144 The Romantic Program 150 Romantic Religion 159 The Religious Experience 160 Religious Bildung 164 Schleiermacher’s Reception 170 Recognizing Romantic Religion 174 The Transmission of Romantic Religion 185 Emerson 188 Psychology of Religion 198 James 200 Jung 212 Maslow 224 History of Religions 232 Hegel 234 Romanticism in Modern Scholarship 243 Perennial Philosophy 248 The Cumulative Transmission 265 Buddhist Romanticism 270 Voices of Buddhist Romanticism 272 The Appeal of Buddhist Romanticism 291 Buddhist Romanticism vs. the Dhamma 295 The Ironies of Buddhist Romanticism 321 Unromantic Dhamma 328 The Discovery of the Dhamma 328 The Problem of Dukkha 329 Skill in Questions 329 387
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Buddhist Romanticism by Ṭhānissa
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“Both formerly and now, it’s on
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I have found the research and writi
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Buddhist concepts have been placed,
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freedom. In fact, as we will see wh
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Romantics developed the theory of t
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example and start using Buddhist id
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adequate scholarly overview of this
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under the title, “Romancing the B
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Dhamma has to offer. And when more
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As for religion, the Europe of the
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In the Buddha’s telling, his fath
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search, he kept referring to it not
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pleasure and pain, he had not becom
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ought on an attack of dysentery, in
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systems, these four thinkers wrote
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In 1796, he wrote to Friedrich Schl
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While in Leipzig, Friedrich fell in
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and even Fichte—who is best class
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service. Moving with Dorothea to Vi
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distinctive features of Romantic re
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theology, The Christian Faith (1821
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easons, but only aesthetically—i.
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view: “the awareness of being at
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Although there was some appreciatio
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At first, his relations with Fichte
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lackey. If anything, the lectures h
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Diotima to die inadvertently as a r
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Schleiermacher is the only one of t
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need to arrive at a final goal. Thr
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had arrived at a timeless solution
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CHAPTER TWO An Ancient Path The Bud
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foods will assuage them; it has to
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ut in desire. In fact, unbinding is
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accepted as a working hypothesis, f
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alternatives: renunciation, goodwil
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provisionally on the level of munda
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not subject to changes in culture o
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would disappear (§69). This is why
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and being provocative himself—or
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to question the mechanical worldvie
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world. Herschel’s reputation—he
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fellow Romantics addressed and how
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very minor differences of doctrine
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technical rigor from their readers.
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Some typical answers were these:
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human being came from freedom in bo
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any of the three philosophers who h
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university officials had asked him
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‘I serve my friends gladly but—
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them into conflict with one another
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Joy, lovely spark of the gods, daug
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history of the universe; and monism
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well. God was no longer timeless an
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validity or authority. The idea tha
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philosophy as a living, dialectical
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Herder had argued earlier that—be
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fact, the driving force of the nove
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the arts, nevertheless had offered
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time, to experience directly the he
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CHAPTER FOUR The Romantic Universe
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the astronomy and biology of their
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adically different laws, the Romant
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Organic From their study of biology
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completion only when it achieved a
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plant; of all the forms of nature,
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to the wonders of the laws of organ
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This is a serious weakness in the R
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could develop a consistent view of
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this truth was proven by the fact t
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ecause of the good effect it had on
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“O soul! soul! Beauty of the worl
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down by any side in conflicting iss
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society would fall apart. But for t
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minor dissonances in the harmonic p
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than y. With this value judgment, t
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“Julius seemed to be inspired wit
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Schlegel also absorbed a second dic
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His inspiration in gaining this con
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philosophical system, but as a feel
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intuition and feeling are One—whe
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The obverse side of Schleiermacher
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for the laws that govern its behavi
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third type of orientation: the one
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On tolerance: “When you have pers
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Schelling’s and Schlegel’s prog
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and without vestals.” 24 [Julian
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5) Despite its many expressions, th
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with the rest of society. One’s b
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to create his/her own set of belief
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and conditions (§20). 8) Although
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categorical truths (AN 2:18). Simil
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the German Romantics, and Victor Co
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process has been like a river that
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arms of atmosphere; that Unity, tha
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intuitions of the infinite, but als
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Then, however, the essay shifts gea
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unless he speak the phraseology of
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• Freedom defined as the ability
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ut scientific approach available in
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the sciences that would further exp
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would have recognized—of both pas
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attributes to a personality trait:
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character traits that mark a person
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James, like Kant and Fichte, believ
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worldview of a monistic universe in
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dreams so as to help the patient in
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varieties of archetypes, but that t
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Jung’s second reason for seeing p
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own morality at will. In response t
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organic causation. Jung shared with
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“meaning” has no meaning in a s
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modern democratic, pluralistic soci
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“To the extent that all mystical
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human species. As for the personal
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experience, he closed off the possi
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Romantics, though, these various ap
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One: All knowledge, to count as kno
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count, though, his students later f
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This, of course, was a very imagina
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as a form of nihilism, and so Hegel
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To begin with, all three aspects of
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e discovered, as the Buddha claimed
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PERENNIAL PHILOSOPHY While thinkers
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the actual religious tradition that
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people to join its celibate order,
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Huxley then quotes approvingly a pa
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mortification of the flesh as morti
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common to all the world’s great s
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complex interacting systems can be
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knowledge are all one) at the same
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tested through action. Despite Huxl
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Hölderlin, asserted the duty to al
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experience can be seen in that, alt
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CHAPTER SEVEN Buddhist Romanticism
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the possible reasons why Buddhist R
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in the larger scheme of things.…
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* * * The next two principles treat
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connectedness, integrity, and belon
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possibilities, new expressions of a
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to all things. All are part of a sa
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authentic encounter with what is mo
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16) Because religious teachings are
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and the universe as a whole. 20) Re
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engage human suffering at multiple
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The first is that modern society is
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transcendent solution to suffering,
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of a framework that doesn’t deriv
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teach them? And why should they bot
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never seriously challenged this par
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“out there” as a primary realit
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inspiring others to do likewise, so
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Point 10 above makes the assertion
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alternative routes to one and the s
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and doesn’t see a return to that
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meaning of this?’ They make open
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Romantic assertion that feelings of
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the word kamma like his contemporar
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helped bring people in new times an
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in perspective couldn’t be more s
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The four noble truths entail four d
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ole after one has reached the goal.
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on winning, he fostered an atmosphe
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APPENDIX Unromantic Dhamma THE DISC
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There are questions that should be
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householder with a talk on Dhamma.
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ecoming.” — AN 3:77 § 10. “I
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Page 338 and 339: the view’ I have no self’ … o
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Page 342 and 343: measured by. Whatever one isn’t m
Page 344 and 345: “Then, Master Gotama, does everyt
Page 346 and 347: of a dried-up stream— and, seeing
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Page 352 and 353: Thus I am not your mere equal in te
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Page 360 and 361: “For harm, lord.” “And this g
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Page 364 and 365: about it and dissect it: ‘How is
Page 366 and 367: won’t listen when discourses that
Page 368 and 369: Glossary Arahant: A “worthy one
Page 370 and 371: monks and 311 for nuns. Samādhi: C
Page 372 and 373: Endnotes CHAPTER ONE 1. Beiser, Fre
Page 374 and 375: 16. Schlegel, Friedrich. Lucinde an
Page 376 and 377: 5. Ibid., p. 31. 6. Ibid., p. 3. 7.
Page 378 and 379: 54. Ibid., p. 203. 378
Page 380 and 381: York: The Modern Library, 2006. Cot
Page 382 and 383: Cary F. Baynes. Abingdon: Routledge
Page 384 and 385: introduction by Peter Firchow. Minn
Page 388: Kamma & Further Becoming 332 Desire
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