AEMI

46 AEMI JOURNAL 2015
Genebra Revisitado»), 2011; The Exile of the Last
Liberal («O Exílio do Último Liberal»), 2012; The
Returnees Have Changed Portugal («Os Retornados
Mudaram Portugal»), 2013.
3 António Gonçalves Dias (1823-1864) was born
in Caxias, Maranhão/Brazil, having studied law
at the University of Coimbra. He so profoundly
understood the Portuguese language that he prodigiously
translated his feeling of being away from
the country in the poem that immortalized him:
Song of Exile (Canção do Exílio).
4 The Prince Regent Dom João of Braganza (future
King Dom João VI), received the news of the
penetration of French troops in Portuguese territory
(23 November) and immediately summoned
the Council of State, having determined that the
entire royal family and the Government were to
embark to Brazil (27 November). The Portuguese
Squad, which included 83 ships, 3 frigates, brigs
and two schooners supported by four ships of the
Royal Navy, left the port of Lisbon in November
29, 1807, carrying about fifteen thousand people.
General Junot entered Lisbon on the morning of
30, leading an army of about 26,000 men which
was preceded by a detachment of the Portuguese
Cavalry, who surrendered and accepted to serve
the French. This previously scheduled action
avoided the defeat of the Portuguese monarchist
Government.
5 On October 4th, 1910, a revolution took place
and the next day (October 5th) the proclamation
of the Republic took place in Lisbon. The Necessidades
Palace, the King’s official residence, was
bombed, and the monarch was advised to go to
the Mafra’s National Palace, where his mother, the
Queen, and his grandmother, the Queen Mother
Maria Pia of Savoy would join him. The next day,
after the Republican victory, Manuel II goes to
the Ericeira beach to embark on the Royal yacht
Amelia and head to Oporto. The officers aboard
prevented him and he was taken to Gibraltar instead.
Upon arrival, he received news that Oporto
had adhered to the Republic - the coup was over.
The Royal family moved to the United Kingdom,
where it was received by King George V.
6 See for example, regarding to the hijacking of the
ship Santa Maria, the news published in January
24, 1961 by News Paper (Jornal de Notícias)
(Porto) and Diary of Lisbon (Diário de Lisboa);
also the ones that have been published about the
diversion of the plane by the Daily Illustrated
(Diário Ilustrado) and Diary of Lisbon (Diário de
Lisboa) in November 10, 1961.
7 The song of José (Zeca) Afonso, «Grândola, Vila
Morena», recorded in 1971 in Paris region, gave
the starting signal for the military uprising in April
25, 1974, via the emissions made by Rádio Renascença
(program Limite).
8 The persistent diligence of State Congressman Joseph
Perry Jr. and federal senators John O. Pastore
(Rhode Island) and John F. Kennedy (Massachusetts,
which shortly after was elected President of
the United States) contributed to such a decision
had been taken.
9 The demographic breakdown, in the order of
50%, contributed to the improvement of the life
conditions of the resident population, since job
opportunities increased and wages improved.
10 António Guterres (1949-) former Prime Minister
of Portugal (1995 a 2002), was elected in 2005
by the United Nations General Assembly for a
five-year term as High Commissioner. In his inauguration
speech that he did for conviction and
because he believes truly in this institution values,
values that you want to make prevail throughout
the world.
11 The return to the country, designated by two concepts
– «Regresso» and «Retorno» - that circulated
in Portugal in the second half of the Decade of 70
and in the first half of the 80, distinguishes the
application of each of them. Although both designations
expressed mobility, the former designated
simply the return and the latter was used referring
to a specific group forced to abandon the colonies.
The recommendations of Point 1, concerning the
concepts of Return issued by the first Portuguese
Communities Council which took place at the
Palácio da Foz, in Lisbon (April 1981), establishes
the following: «After detailed consideration
on the subject, it was decided unanimously to
recommend that, in future, the terms “Regresso”
and “Retorno” will be used with the following
meanings (...): “Regresso”: whenever the journey
to the country of origin is voluntary; “Retorno”:
whenever the exit from the host country is compulsory».