AEMI

SUSANA SABÍN-FERNÁNDEZ
2. Spanish fatherland, History of Spain
and meaning of Spanish culture.
3. Cultural and national education.
Points of guidance in the spirit of the
National Movement. Political doctrine
of the F.E.T. Points of guidance
about the New State.
4. Social organization, work law
(‘Fuero del Trabajo’).
5. Methods to be followed in the
teaching of small children.
6. Theoretical lessons for physical education,
anatomy, physiology, hygiene,
psychology of the national education.
7. Discussion of the subject of physical
education and physical exercise.
8. The course will last 30 days, conducted
along the lines of a boarding
school. The expense of maintenance will
be borne by the teachers attending, and
will cost 150 pesetas. 60
Soon, the children who did not have
the good fortune to be sent abroad and
whose families were suspected of being
leftist or Basque nationalist were sent to
these schools. And those children who
were sent abroad, whose parents were
imprisoned, were systematically blackmailed
to force their return. One of
the people in charge of this enterprise
was Monsignor Ildebrando Antoniutti
(1898-1974), the papal chargé d’affaires
to the Spanish regime for the purposes
of “exchanging” prisoners. In 1962,
Pope John XXIII named him Cardinal
Priest of San Sebastiano alle Catecombe.
65
Sources and Bibliography
As registered in the notes, the historiographic
sources used to write the present
article are mainly archival documents
from the National Archives and Records
Administration (NARA) at College Park
(Maryland, USA) and the archive at the
Gernika Peace Museum (Gernika, Bizkaia).
Agnew, Kate, and Geoff Fox. Children at
war: from the First World War to the
Gulf. London and New York: Continuum,
2001.
Alonso Carballés, Jesús J. “Educación, cultura
e identidad de los niños vascos en
el exilio.” In Sesenta años después: Euskal
Erbestearen Kultura, edited by Xabier
Apaolaza, José Ángel Ascunce, Iratxe
Momoitio. Donostia: Hamaika Bide
Elkartea, 2000.
Alonso Carballés, Jesús J. 1937, los niños
vascos evacuados a Francia y Bélgica:
Historia y memoria de un éxodo infantil,
1936–1940. Bilbao: Asociación de Niños
Evacuados el 37/37an Atzerriraturiko
Haurren Elkartea, 1998.
Alted Vigil, Alicia, et al. (eds.). El Exilio
de los Niños. Madrid: Fundación Pablo
Iglesias y Fundación Francisco Largo
Caballero, 2003.Arrien, Gregorio, and
Félix Zubiaga. Niños evacuados a Gran
Bretaña (1937–1940). Bilbao: Asociación
de Niños Evacuados el 37/37an
Atzerriraturiko Haurren Elkartea, 1991.
Arrien, Gregorio, and Iñaki Goiogana. El
primer exilio de los vascos: Cataluña,
1936–1939. Barcelona: Fundación Sabino
Arana/Sabino Arana Kultur Elkargoa,
2002.
Arrien, Gregorio. Niños evacuados en 1937:
Álbum histórico. Bilbao: Asociación de
Niños Evacuados el 37/37an Atzerriraturiko
Haurren Elkartea, 1988.
Cloud, Yvonne and Richard Ellis. The
Basque Children in England. An Account
of their Life at North Stoneham
Camp. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd.,
1937.
Davis, Kenneth S. FDR, Into the Storm
1937-1940: A History. New York: Random
House, 1993.