7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...

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ABSTRACTS.–.Symposia This. disease. process. highlights. the. importance. of. the. interplay. between.the.immune.and.skeletal.systems..The.field.of.osteoimmunology.is.becoming.increasingly.important.in.understanding.those. systems.separately.and.the.biology.that.permits.crosstalk.between. them..The.history.and.recent.advances.in.the.field.of.osteoimmunology.in.oral.biology.are.reviewed.here. State-of-the-Art Ancient Mummy Research Wednesday, starting at 1:30 p.m. in KIPJ Theatre 181 Introduction to State-of-the-Art Ancient Mummy Research,. FRANK J. RÜHLI 1 *, ALBERT zINK 2 , and NIELS LyNN- ERUP 3 .( 1 Centre.for.Evolutionary.Medicine,.University.of.Zürich,. Switzerland;. 2 EURAC. -. Institute. for. Mummies. and. the. Iceman,. Bolzano,. Italy;. 3 Laboratory. of. Biological.Anthropology,. Department.of.Forensic.Medicine,.University.of.Copenhagen,.Denmark;. frank.ruhli@anatom.uzh.ch). Ancient. mummies. have. been. examined. for. centuries.. The. enormous.ongoing.advance.of.examination.modalities.allow.us.to. expand.research.issues..The.aim.of.this.symposium.is.to.review.the. current.“gold-standard”.for.scientific.studies.of.ancient.mummies. and.to.predict.future.developments,.both.in.terms.of.examination. standards.as.well.as.possible.“high-end”.single.case.methodologies. 182 Macroscopic Investigation of Mummies,. SALIMA IKRAM. (American.University.in.Cairo,.New.Cairo,.Egypt;.salimaikram@ gmail.com). Traditional. macroscopic. investigations. of. mummies. remain. a.crucial.way.of.studying.these.artefacts..The.sensory.perceptions. of.the.examiner.often.elicit.new.data.from.the.mummy.that.is.not. available.through.radiography.or.CT.scans..This.form.of.analysis. should.always.be.the.first.step.in.engaging.with.the.mummy..Such. studies. provide. cultural.and.conservation.information,.as.well. as. help.formulate.research.questions.that.might.be.answered.by.more. technical.analyses,.including.digital.imagery.and.chemical.tests. 183 CT and MR Imaging of Ancient Mummies,.FRANK J. RÜHL 1 * and NIELS LyNNERUP 2 ( 1 Centre. for. Evolutionary. Medicine,. University. of. Zürich,. Switzerland;. 2 Laboratory. of. Biological. Anthropology,. Department. of. Forensic. Medicine,. University. of. Copenhagen,.Denmark;.frank.ruhli@anatom.uzh.ch). One.of.the.gold-standards.in.paleopathological.investigation. of. mummies. is. the. radiological. examination. using. both. conventional.X-rays.and.more.advanced.methods..Computed.tomography.(CT).represents.the.gold-standard.of.X-ray.based.3D-imaging.systems,.however.more.sophisticated.methods.of.radiological.analysis,. such.as.magnetic.resonance.imaging.(MRI).offer.new.diagnostic. possibilities.. In. the. last. decades,. these. major. imaging. modalities. show.remarkable.technological.advances..The.aim.of.this.presentation.is.to.give.an.overview.of.the.current.impact.and.pitfall.of. ancient. mummy. imaging,. particularly. focusing. on. CT. and. MRI.. Various.case.reports.of.natural.and.artificial.mummies.examined.by. CT.and.MRI.will.highlight.the.diagnostic.sensitivity.and.specificity. of.these.modalities..Also,.the.best.practice.(technical.parameters,. diagnostic.indications).in.using.these.two.major.radiological.techniques.will.be.briefly.addressed. 184 State-of-the-Art of High Resolution Imaging of Ancient Mummified Tissue,. FRANK J. RÜHLI* and JOHANN WANEK. 102 (Centre.for.Evolutionary.Medicine,.University.of.Zürich,.Switzerland;.frank.ruhli@uzh.ch). The.diagnostic.analysis.of.mummified.tissue.using.computed. tomography. (CT). or. planar. X-ray. imaging. is. often. accompanied. by. histological. work.. However,. resection. and. rehydration. processes.destroy.valuable.skeletal.remains..Therefore,.three.dimensional.imaging.techniques.such.as.synchrotron-based.tomographic. imaging,. microCT. or. the. nuclear. magnetic. resonance. (NMR). method.have.become.increasingly.important.tin.the.investigation. of. the. inner. structure. of. the. shrunken. tissue.. Such. sophisticated. imaging. techniques. with. a. spatial. resolution. between. 0.4. to. 500. microns.allow.the.investigation.of.micro.cracks,.calcifications.or. muscle.fibres,.which.are.invisible.with.conventional.clinical.imaging.systems.Beside.the.application.of.ionizing.imaging.techniques.increasing,.research.activities.are.now.being.performed.using.a.non-ionizing.approach.(e.g..NMR).to.preserve.ancient.DNA..Previous.studies.have.indicated.that.the.application.of.different.nuclei.such.as.1H. and.23Na.may.improve.anatomical.information.of.salt.mummies. 185 3D-Analyses and 3D-Visualisations, NIELS LyNNERUP (Laboratory. of. Biological. Anthropology,. Department. of. Forensic. Medicine,. University. of. Copenhagen,. Denmark;. NLY@sund. ku.dk). CT-scanning. has. emerged. as. a. powerful. instrument. for. the. study. of. mummies.. As. a. completely. noninvasive. procedure,. it. enables.a.“look.inside.”.Basically,.the.CT-scanner.renders.the.studied.object.as.a.series.of.slices..These.slices.may.be.“re-stacked,”. making.multiplanar.visualisation,.i.e..viewing.from.different.slice. planes,.as.well.as.full.3D.visualisations.possible..However,.there.are. some.pitfalls..These.are.partly.due.to.the.nature.of.X-rays.as.well.as. the.workings.of.the.CT-scanner..Furthermore,.there.are.issues.concerning.the.image.building.process,.including.significant.data.loss.. To. work. around. these. problems. one. may. apply. certain. software. which. allows. interactive,. single-slice. manipulation. and. editing,. but.there.is.some.subjectivity.involved..Bias.in.viewing.CT-scan. images.and.derived.3D.visualisations.is.thus.introduced,.which.may. have.a.bearing.on.interpreting.pathologies.and.pseudopathologies. 186 Histological Investigation of Human Mummified Remains – Potential and Drawbacks of the Analysis of Ancient Soft Tissue Material,. FRANK MAIXNER 1 *, ASTRID GRUMER 1 , BAR- BARA PICHLER 1 , DARIO PIOMBINO-MASCALI 1 , FRANz SCHROFFENEGGER 2 , EDUARD EGARTER VIGL 2 , and ALBERT zINK 1 .( 1 EURAC.-.Institute.for.Mummies.and.the.Iceman,.Viale.Druso.1,.39100.Bolzano,.Italy;. 2 Department.of.Pathological.Anatomy.and.Histology,.General.Hospital.Bolzano,.Italy;. frank.maixner@eruac.edu). Histology,.the.microscopic.study.of.differentially.stained.tissue.sections.has.become.a.essential.tool.in.various.biological.and. medical.scientific.fields..The.application.of.this.valuable.technique. ranges.from.basic.tissue.typing.and.pathological.diagnostics.to.the. identification.of.trace.elements.in.the.sample.such.as.iron.or.calcium..Like.other.techniques.in.medicine,.tissue.histology.was.also. applied.to.mummy.research.for.its.potential.to.determine.the.degree. of.tissue.conservation.and.to.identify.possible.pathological.changes.. However,.compared.to.modern.tissue.material,.ancient.specimens. require.special.re-hydration.steps.prior.to.paraffin.embedding.and. often. display. different. staining. characteristics.. Based. on. a. study. of. Mekota. and. Vermehren. (2005). we. re-investigated. various.
e-hydration. solutions. with. skin. tissue. samples. from. different. mummy.types..Results.indicate.a.high.variability.of.the.methods. in.question.in.terms.of.re-hydration.efficiency,.preservation.of.tissue.details.and.staining.characteristics..Mekota,.A.M.,.Vermehren,.M..(2005).Determination.of.optimal.rehydration,.fixation.and.staining.methods.for.histological.and.immunohistochemical.analysis.of. mummified. soft. tissues,. Biotechnique and Histochemistry 80(1),. 7-.13. 187 Molecular Investigations of Microbial Communities in Mummified Human Remains, FRANK MAIXNER 1 *, THOMAS RATTEI 2 , GUADELUPE PINAR 3 , KATJA STERFLINGER- GLEIXNER 3 , DARIO. PIOMBINO-MASCALI 1 , GIOVANNA CIPOLLINI 1 , and ALBERT zINK 1 . ( 1 EURAC. -. Institute. for. Mummies. and. the. Iceman,.Viale. Druso. 1,. 39100. Bolzano,. Italy;. 2 Department. of. Computational. Systems. Biology,. University. of. Vienna,.Austria;. 3 Institute.of.Applied.Microbiology,.University.of. National. Resources. and.Applied. Life. Sciences,. Vienna,.Austria;. frank.maixner@eurac.edu). Mummified. human. remains. can. be. regarded. as. an. independent. “ecosystem“. in. which,. on. the. one. hand,. highly. specialized. microorganism.thrive,.some.of.which.are.involved.in.degradation. processes..On.the.other.hand,.traces.of.ancient.DNA.in.these.specimens.could.provide.detailed.insight.into.the.past.microbiome.of.this.mummy.consisting.of.beneficial.and.potentially.pathogenic.bacteria.. Until. recently,. the. vast. majority. of. complex. microbial. communities.were.largely.underestimated.due.to.major.technical,.time,. and.financial.constraints..Therefore,.our.knowledge.of.mummified. bodies.as.“ecosystems”.is.limited..However,.advancements.in.highthroughput. next-generation. sequencing. technology. have. yielded. powerful.new.tools.in.terms.of.cost.effectiveness,.time.saving.and. data.recovery..“In-depth”.sequencing.of.phylogenetic.marker.genes. will.shed.light.into.the.spectacular.microbial.diversity.in.various. habitats.in.and.on.mummies. 188 State-of-the-Art Ancient Mummy Research: Coprolites, KARL J. REINHARD. (School. of. Natural. Resources,. Hardin. Hall. 719,. University. of. Nebraska,. Lincoln,. NE. 68583-0987;. kreinhard1@ mac.com). Coprolites.are.a.source.of.a.diversity.of.data.regarding.infection,.medicine,.diet,.and.environment.of.the.decedent..New.methods.are.introduced.yearly.for.each.of.these.topics..Highlighted.in. this. presentation. are. several. issues.. Refined. parasite. diagnosis. is. offered.by.molecular.and.chemical.methods..The.analysis.of.starch. represents.the.latest.revolution.in.paleonutrition.and.is.immediately. applicable. to. mummy. studies.. Starch. grains. not. only. show. what. starch. sources. were. eaten,. but. also. the. manner. of. preparation. of. specific. foods.. Diatom. studies. of. coprolites. are. on. the. horizon.. Diatoms.reveal.different.aquatic.environments.exploited.by.ancient. peoples..By.applying.aeropalynology.data.regarding.season.variations.in.natural.pollen.rain,.it.is.possible.to.determine.in.what.month. of.the.year.an.individual.died. When.ecological.and.parasitological.data.are.combined,.patterns.of.climate.variation,.diet,.and.infection.can.be.discerned..For. example, El Niño.events.at.the.coast.of.Chile.caused.variation.in. Chinchorro.exploitation.of.fish.species..This.in.turn.affected.prevalence.of.tapeworm.infection. Taphonomy. is. a. concern..The. preservation. of. remains. from. mummy.coprolites.is.variable..By.analysis.of.insects,.mites,.and.the. ecology.of.preservation,.one.can.assess.the.preservation.potential. ABSTRACTS.–.Symposia of. the. microfossils. from. coprolites..This. will. allow. one. to. interpret.whether.the.absence.of.a.class.of.microfossils.is.due.to.poor.preservation.conditions..In.conclusion,.a.holistic.approach.to.coprolite.analysis.results.in.the.placement.of.pathological.conditions.in. behavior.and.environmental.contexts. 189 Preservation of Human Mummified Remains,. ALBERT zINK 1 *, MARCO SAMADELLI 1 , DARIO PIOMBINO-MAS- CALI 1 , and EDUARD EGARTER VIGL 2 .( 1 EURAC.-.Institute. for.Mummies.and.the.Iceman,.Viale.Druso.1,.39100.Bolzano,.Italy;. 2 Department.of.Pathological.Anatomy.and.Histology,.General.Hospital.Bolzano,.Italy;.albert.zink@eurac.edu).The.preservation.of.human.mummified.remains.often.represents.a.major.problem,.both.in.the.original.find.sites.as.well.as.in. secondary.depositories,.such.as.collections.or.museums..Changes. of.the.microclimate.surrounding.mummy.burials.that.can.be.caused. by.excavation.or.building.activities,.tourism.exploitation.or.natural. influences. often. lead. to. a. decline. of. the. natural. preservation. conditions..In.particular,.the.increase.of.humidity.and.insufficient. ventilation.enhance.the.growth.and.spread.of.microorganisms.that. could.result.in.major.damage.to.mummified.remains..The.storage.of. mummies.in.museums.or.collections.faces.the.specific.challenge.of. recreating.the.natural.climatic.conditions..This.often.proves.problematic,.as.the.optimal.preservation.conditions.for.mummies.from. different.geographic.areas.are.not.always.fully.understood,.and.also. due.to.the.high.costs.required.for.maintaining.and.displaying.the. human.remains. We.present.examples.of.different.mummy.find.sites,.such.as. in.Egypt.and.Sicily,.where.the.natural.preservation.conditions.have. changed.and.how.this.has.influenced.the.natural.storage.of.these. mummies.. Moreover,. different. solutions. for. the. conservation. of. mummies.in.museums.will.be.discussed..As.an.example,.the.Tyrolean.Iceman.is.stored.in.a.specially.designed.cooling.chamber.that.emulates.the.cold.and.humid.environment.in.which.he.was.naturally.preserved.for.more.than.5000.years..Modern.showcases.allow.the.use.of.nitrogen.and.a.precise.control.of.temperature.and.humidity.. In. this. context,.possible. solutions. for. more. efficient.and. less. expensive.preservation.systems.will.be.considered. 190 Dental Studies,.ROGER SEILER* and FRANK J. RÜHLI. (Centre.for.Evolutionary.Medicine,.University.of.Zürich,.Switzerland;.rogerseiler@bluewin.ch). For.many.years,.mummies.have.been.systematically.examined,. e.g..in.Switzerland..We.are.currently.completing.the.inventory.of. Swiss.mummies.with.a.special.emphasis.on.oral.findings..When.it.is. interpret.mummy.oral.pathologies.in.more.detail..These.pathologies. are.dental.wear.such.as.abrasion,.attrition,.erosion,.and.the.combination.there.of;.caries,.periodontal.destruction.and.apical.lesions.of. the.alveolar.bone..In.addition,.possible.postmortem.changes.in.the. dentition.relative.to.the.mummification.process.may.be.found..The. use.of.3D-reconstructions.alone.has.in.many.cases.limited.informative.value..Therefore,.axial.images.and.2D-panoramic.reformatted. images.are.necessary.in.order.to.obtain.additional.information.for. the.diagnosis.of.caries.and.periodontal.destruction.in.mummies..We. are.also.trying.to.estimate.the.clinical.relevance.of.these.pathological.findings.in.mummies.in.general. 103
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Proceedings of the AMericAn AssociA
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2 CONTENTS 92 nd ANNUAL MEETING of
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POLICIES Publication Publication.of
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PACIFIC DIVISION SECTIONS AND AFFIL
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ANNUAL MEETING REGISTRATION The.Reg
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at.the.top,.pass.the.turn.into.the.
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Courtesy.himself Courtesy.Vitamin.D
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Wednesday, 15 June Field Trip #4: M
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Future Meetings Pacific Division An
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GENERAL SESSIONS Sunday, 12 June 20
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Thursday, 16 June 2011 CLOSING CONV
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Monday, 13 June 2011 The Forensic S
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State.University,.San.Jose,.CA),.Pe
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Tuesday, 14 June 2011 Human Leishma
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increased.occurrences.of.large.iceb
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11:00 105 Radiocarbon Dating of a L
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2:45 129 Swiss Mummy Project: Exper
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Wednesday, 15 June 2011 Princess Ta
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Panelists: WILLIAM B.N. BERRy. (Uni
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1:45 178 Psychoneuroendocrine-osteo
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Thursday, 16 June 2011 Mexican Mumm
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-. Institute. for. Mummies. and. th
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II. WORKSHOPS Monday, 13 June 2011
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Sunday, 12 June 2011 III. CONTRIBUT
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10:00 BREAK 10:30 254 The Mummy Tis
Page 53 and 54: 9:00 283 A New Honey Bee Threat - t
Page 55 and 56: Administrations and Mathematics Edu
Page 57 and 58: IV. CONTRIBUTED POSTER PRESENTATION
Page 59 and 60: ( 1 Lincoln.Public.Schools.Science.
Page 61 and 62: 380 Examination of Physiological an
Page 63 and 64: ABSTRACTS Abstracts are grouped by
Page 65 and 66: stakeholders.might.vary.according.t
Page 67 and 68: exposed.to.adultery,.physical.abuse
Page 69 and 70: 2).D.P..Sheehan.and.D.H.E..Gross,.P
Page 71 and 72: and.reinterpret,.the.usual.concepts
Page 73 and 74: Ventura. County. environmental. and
Page 75 and 76: ‘Hypertext’. is. a. broad. term
Page 77 and 78: 63 Evolutionary Origin of Phlebotom
Page 79 and 80: esponsible. for. most. of. the. ver
Page 81 and 82: Yukio.Kaneda,.Lukas.Liechtenstein,.
Page 83 and 84: trophic.levels..Morphological.measu
Page 85 and 86: 93 Causality is Inconsistent with Q
Page 87 and 88: Technical Studies on the Head of an
Page 89 and 90: and. these. may. be. described. as.
Page 91 and 92: has.them.try.to.do.the.field.tests.
Page 93 and 94: of. the. level. of. DNA. fragmentat
Page 95 and 96: further.support.a.role.for.minocycl
Page 97 and 98: Princess Takabuti - Analylsis, Inte
Page 99 and 100: 158 Documenting the New Colony thro
Page 101 and 102: 167 Historical/Archaeological Digit
Page 103: excellent.preservation.at.these.sit
Page 107 and 108: Science Teachers,. JOHN CzWORKOWSKI
Page 109 and 110: culturally..One.of.the.infants.was.
Page 111 and 112: Since.the.18 th .century,.lifespans
Page 113 and 114: affecting.both.forearms.and.lower.l
Page 115 and 116: hair.samples.is.used.here.to.explor
Page 117 and 118: compared..Additionally.contrast-to-
Page 119 and 120: were.seen..Fat.droplets.could.be.id
Page 121 and 122: attributed.to.the.increase.in.the.r
Page 123 and 124: A.“wax.dummy”.at.an.amusement.p
Page 125 and 126: eveal.evidence.of.past.activity.pat
Page 127 and 128: a.part.of.STEM.graduate.education.a
Page 129 and 130: introgression,.predation,.and.compe
Page 131 and 132: ecoming.increasingly.important.for.
Page 133 and 134: CHERyL L. JORCyK*. (Department. of.
Page 135 and 136: 1188,.Princeton,.NJ.08542-1188;.dmi
Page 137 and 138: Because.the.fully.temporal.system.p
Page 139 and 140: CONTRIBUTED POSTERS World</
Page 141 and 142: of. infesting. agents.. The. tissue
Page 143 and 144: that.mummy..The.database.will.not.b
Page 145 and 146: a.depth.between.one.to.two.and.a.ha
Page 147 and 148: that.rodents.were.eaten..Previously
Page 149 and 150: samples. were. in. a. quite. good.
Page 151 and 152: vector.commands.to.navigate.around.
Page 153 and 154: that.tree-growth.fluctuated.between
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a. role. in. oral. cancer. tumoroge
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A Aali, Abulfazi ..................
Page 159 and 160:
Guillon, Francois .................
Page 161 and 162:
Rauen, Kenneth M. .................
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