7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...
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were.seen..Fat.droplets.could.be.identified.in.the.subcutaneous.fat.<br />

sample.and.several.organs..Bacteria.were.seen.<strong>on</strong>.the.lumen.side.<br />

<strong>of</strong>.the.small.intestine.and.cecum,.and.in.the.liver.and.lung.tissue..<br />

In.additi<strong>on</strong>,.fungi.and.pollen.were.found.in.the.lung.sample..In.the.<br />

wall.<strong>of</strong>.the.cecum.and.small.intestine.it.was.possible.to.dem<strong>on</strong>strate.<br />

blood.vessels.and.nerves..Ir<strong>on</strong>.was.identified.in.the.vivianite.sample..The.histological.finds.support.the.theory.that.Lyuba.drowned.<br />

in.muddy.water..The.microscopic.tissue.preservati<strong>on</strong>.indicates.that.<br />

Lyuba’s.body.underwent.at.least.<strong>on</strong>e.freeze-thaw.cycle.<br />

243 CT-based Assessment <strong>of</strong> Relative S<strong>of</strong>t Tissue Alterati<strong>on</strong> in Different<br />

Types <strong>of</strong> Ancient <strong>Mummy</strong>, CHRISTINA SyDLER 1 , THOMAS<br />

BÖNI 2 , ULRICH WOITEK 3 , and FRANK J. RÜHLI 1 * ( 1 Swiss.<br />

<strong>Mummy</strong>. Project,. Centre. for. Evoluti<strong>on</strong>ary. Medicine,. <strong>University</strong>.<br />

<strong>of</strong>.Zürich,.Switzerland,. 2 Orthopedic.<strong>University</strong>.Hospital.Balgrist,.<br />

<strong>University</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.Zürich,.Switzerland,. 3 Institute.<strong>of</strong>.Empiric.Research.in.<br />

Ec<strong>on</strong>omics,.<strong>University</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.Zürich,.Switzerland.)<br />

Mummificati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.any.type.leads.by.definiti<strong>on</strong>.to.alterati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.<br />

s<strong>of</strong>t-tissue.morphology..Hitherto,.no.research.addressed.mummificati<strong>on</strong>-type.(e.g..artificial.versus.natural.mummies).specific.alterati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.s<strong>of</strong>t-tissue.shrinkage.as.assessed.by.computed.tomography.<br />

(CT)..Our.aim.was.to.test.whether.s<strong>of</strong>t-tissue.alterati<strong>on</strong>.is.specific.<br />

for. type. <strong>of</strong>. mummificati<strong>on</strong>..A. total. <strong>of</strong>. 17. human. mummies. have.<br />

been.investigated.by.CT..As.references,.four.recently.deceased.bodies.<br />

were. used..Type. <strong>of</strong>. mummificati<strong>on</strong>. included. ancient. Egyptian.<br />

style,.natural.Peruvian.mummies,.Ice.mummies.(including.the.Iceman,.South.Tyrol.Museum.<strong>of</strong>.Archeology,.Bolzano,.Italy,.ca..3,300.BC),.bog.bodies,.and.a.possible.Asian.mummy..As.diagnostic.goldstandard.the.CT.cross-secti<strong>on</strong>al.data.set.<strong>of</strong>.the.visible.human.project.<br />

®.was.used..S<strong>of</strong>t-tissue.shrinkage.(area.in.number.<strong>of</strong>.voxels).was.<br />

defined.relative.to.area.<strong>of</strong>.b<strong>on</strong>e..Measurements.were.taken.at.various.<br />

anatomically.defined.locati<strong>on</strong>s.(e.g..at.mid-metacarpus.5.and.at.cervical.vertebra.4)..Ice.mummies.-.independent.<strong>of</strong>.historic.age.-.show.<br />

the.highest.degree.<strong>of</strong>.preservati<strong>on</strong>.most.likely.due.to.water.being.<br />

frozen.within.tissues..Relative.to.the.reference.sample.<strong>of</strong>.Ice.mummies.(35.measures),.all.other.types.<strong>of</strong>.mummies.show.significantly.<br />

(at.p

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