7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...

ABSTRACTS.–.Symposia
and.Treatment.Center,.Fluorescence.Microscopy.Facility,.University.
of. New. Mexico,. Albuquerque,. NM;. 6 Tricore. Laboratories,.
Albuquerque,.NM;. 7 Long.Island.University.Greenvale,.NY;.ottoarun12@aol.com).
Identification. of. mummified. tissues. presents. great. difficulties;.their.appearance.having.been.altered.by.taphonomic.changes,.
trauma.and.climatic.influences.over.millennia.
Here. we. describe. a. multimodal. analysis. of. tissue. obtained.
non-invasively,.through.an.existing.hole.in.the.skull.of.an.Egyptian.
mummified.child’s.head.
We. used. histological. sections. with. special. stains. and. comparisons.with.contemporaneous.tissues,.confocal.microscopy-autofluorescence.
and. scanning. electron. microscopy,. X-ray. analysis.
using.wavelength.dispersive.spectrometers.equipped.with.layered.
synthetic.crystals.optimized.for.light.elements.to.quantize.Al,.C,.
Ca,.Cl,.Fe,.K,.Mg,.Na,.O,.P,.S,.and.Si.as.well.as.statistical.analyses.
including.fractals..We.found.that.the.piece.was.composed.of.resin.
which.contained.significantly.higher.levels.of.C.and.other.biologic.
material,.most.likely.dura.mater.
Plant. resin. used. in. ancient. Egypt. for. embalming. is. a. proxy.
for. atmospheric. CO 2 ,. climate. and. of. tree. growth. rate.. Thus.
Egyptian. embalmers. intentionally. preserved. the. body. but. unwittingly.left.a.climate.record.which.could.be.of.interest.to.modern.
climate-modelers.
108 The Lanzarote and Fuerteventura Prehispanic Population,
Canary Islands, Spain, CONRADO RODRíGUEz MARTíN 1 *,
PABLO ATOCHE 2 , and ANGELES RAMíREz 2 ( 1 Instituto.
Canario. de. Bioantropologia. (OAMC-Cabildo. de. Tenerife);. 2 Universidad.de.Las.Palmas.de.Gran.Canaria;.crodriguez@museosdetenerife.org).This.paper.is.devoted.to.the.physical.anthropological.characteristics.and.pathological.features.of.the.protohistoric.(Prehispanic).
populations.of.Lanzarote.and.Fuerteventura,.both.belonging.to.the.
Canarian.Archipelago.(Spain),.located.in.the.Atlantoic.Ocean.closest.to.the.northwest.shore.of.Africa..Besides.a.comparative.study.
between.both.islands,.the.main.goal.of.this.study.is.to.advance.the.
knowledge. of. the. population. groups. in. these. islands. before. the.
European. Conquest. (15 th . century.AD),. especially. their. bioadaptability.to.the.islands’.environments.
Please.note:.This.paper.is.included.in.the.Project.Canarias: Colonización
Humana Protohistórica, Bioadaptación Insular y Transformación Medioambiental.(Ministerio
de Ciencia e Innovación, HAR20009-08519).
Music and the Sciences:
Synergies Among Musical Arts,
Math, Science, and Engineering
Tuesday, starting at 1:15 p.m. in KIPJ Room F
109 Music, Expectation, and Information Theory, GARETH LOy
(POB.151185,.San.Rafael,.CA.94915;.dgl@GarethInc.com).
When.is.music.successful?.Taking.a.Darwinian.view,.music.
is.successful.if.listeners.attend.to.it,.which.they.do.if.they.find.it.
sufficiently. interesting.. Listeners. reward. successful. music. with.
interest.based.on.how.well.it.sustains.their.ordinarily.quite.fleeting.
attention..Attention.is.sustained.by.manipulating.the.expectations.
of.the.listener..Expectation.is.an.anticipatory.belief.that.ranges.from.
certainty.to.uncertainty..The.perspective.thus.articulated.allows.for.
86
the.question.of.when.is.music.successful.to.be.studied.via.the.information.
theory. of. Shannon. and.Weaver..The. thesis. of. this. talk. is.
that.information.theory.can.contribute.to.a.theory.of.musical.expectation,.meaning,.and.emotion.in.music..This.presentation.introduces.key.ideas.of.information.theory.and.points.in.the.direction.of.a.theory.of.musical.expectation.
110 Restoration of Musical Meter from Memory: How We Represent
Musical Styles? SARAH C. CREEL (Department. of. Cognitive.Science,.UC.San.Diego,.9500.Gilman.Drive,.La.Jolla,.CA.
92093-0515;.creel@cogsci.ucsd.edu).
What.happens.in.the.mind.when.a.listener.hears.a.tune?.Recent.
work.suggests.that.listeners.activate.detailed.memory.representations.
of. previous. hearings. of. that. tune.. For. instance,. if. one. has.
heard.a.melody.previously.in.a.3/4.meter,.the.isolated.melody.yields.
a.percept.of.3/4.meter..The.current.study.explores.how.such.melody-specific.memories.might.build.up.to.representations.of.musical.
style—specifically,. whether. listeners. integrate. meter. (event. rate).
and.timbre.(tone.quality).in.style-specific.representations.
In.several.different.experiments.(108.listeners.total),.each.listener.
was. exposed. to. 12. melodies.. Half. each. occurred. in. one. of.
two.artificial.musical.“styles,”.each.with.a.characteristic.meter.(3/4,.
6/8). and. timbre. (French. horn,. saxophone).. During. the. exposure.
phase,.additional.musical.instruments.heard.with.the.melodies.provided.clear.metrical.information..After.hearing.each.melody.several.times,.listeners.heard.isolated.melodies.followed.by.metrical.continuations..Ratings.of.metrical.continuations.suggested.that.listeners’.perceptions.of.meter.were.shaped.by.their.listening.exposure..
Meter.percepts.were.limited.to.the.original.instrumental.timbre.as.
long.as.meter-timbre.pairings.were.consistent.(horn.always.played.
in.3/4,.saxophone.in.6/8)..Meter.percepts.generalized.across.timbre.
when.meter-timbre.pairings.were.inconsistent.(e.g..horn.and.saxophone.were.equally.likely.to.play.in.3/4.or.6/8).
These. data. suggest. that,. when. musical. features. (timbre. and.
meter).are.consistently.linked,.listeners.represent.them.integrally,.
influencing. processing. of. a. basic. aspect. of. musical. experience.
(meter)..This.suggests.a.basis.for.acquisition.of.style-specific.musical.expectations.
111 A Seventeenth-Century Mathematical History of Tuning the
Musical Scale, JOHN F. BUKOWSKI.(Department.of.Mathematics,.
Juniata. College,. 1700. Moore. Street,. Huntingdon,. PA. 16652;.
bukowski@juniata.edu).
The.tuning.of.the.intervals.in.the.musical.scale.has.a.long.history.dating.back.to.the.Pythagoreans..Several.seventeenth-century.
mathematicians.proposed.ways.of.resolving.the.inherent.difficulties.
in.tuning.the.musical.scale..
We. will. discuss. the. methods. proposed. by. Simon. Stevin,. Marin.
Mersenne,.and.Christiaan.Huygens,.and.we.will.discuss.in.detail.
how.Huygens.used.logarithms.to.divide.the.octave.into.a.31-tone.
scale..We.will.then.compare.his.tuning.to.other.tunings.of.the.scale.
112 Generation and Analysis of Heptatonic Harmonic Scales,.
JOHN H. CHALMERS.(Geosciences.Research.Division,.Scripps.
Institute. of. Oceanography,. University. of. California,. San. Diego,.
9500.Gilman.Drive,.La.Jolla,.CA.92038;.jhchalmers@ucsd.edu)..
Harmonic.scales.are.composed.of.Prime.(generalized.major).
and.Conjugate.(generalized.minor).triads.such.that.every.note.is.a.
member.of.at.least.one.triad.and.all.the.triads.are.connected.by.common.tones..There.are.52.species.of.such.scales.with.seven.tones,.