7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...
7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...
7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...
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ABSTRACTS.–.Symposia<br />
has.therefore.been.difficult.to.distinguish.experimentally.from.the.<br />
c<strong>on</strong>venti<strong>on</strong>al. view.. However,. certain. c<strong>on</strong>sequences. <strong>of</strong>. the. theory.<br />
require. large. (i.e.,. Cauchy-distributed). perturbati<strong>on</strong>s. and. through.<br />
these.the.delayed.choice.experiment.provides.the.possibility.<strong>of</strong>.an.<br />
experimental. test. <strong>of</strong>. the. “special. state”. theory.. In. the. talk. background.informati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>on</strong>.all.topics.menti<strong>on</strong>ed.will.be.provided.<br />
31 Precisi<strong>on</strong> Measurements and Weak Values,.ANDREW N. JOR-<br />
DAN.(Department.Physics.and.Astr<strong>on</strong>omy,.<strong>University</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.Rochester,.Rochester,.NY.14627;.jordan@pas.rochester.edu).Weak.values.<strong>of</strong>.quantum.operators.occur.when.quantum.measurements.are.both.pre-.and.post-selected..They.are.characterized.<br />
by.the.peculiar.features.<strong>of</strong>.both.being.complex.and.exceeding.the.<br />
eigenvalue.bound.<strong>of</strong>.the.operator..We.show.how.this.quantity.may.<br />
be.described.in.a.theoretically.c<strong>on</strong>sistent.way.by.defining.c<strong>on</strong>textual.values.as.a.generalizati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.the.eigenvalues.<strong>of</strong>.an.observable.<br />
that.takes.into.account.both.the.system.observable.and.a.general.<br />
measurement.procedure..We.further.present.experiments.in.optical.<br />
systems.showing.how.weak.values.may.be.used.as.a.novel.amplificati<strong>on</strong>.scheme.for.precisi<strong>on</strong>.measurements..A.discussi<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.timesymmetry.in.generalized.measurements.will.be.given.<br />
32 The Retrocausal Nature <strong>of</strong> Quantum Measurement Revealed<br />
by Partial and Weak Measurements, AVSHALOM C. ELITzUR.<br />
(Iyar,.The.Israeli.Institute.for.Advanced.Research;.Avshalom.Elitzur@weizmann.ac.il).<br />
Partial. quantum. measurement. turns. the. initial. superpositi<strong>on</strong>.<br />
not.into.a.definite.state.but.to.a.greater.probability.for.it..C<strong>on</strong>sequently,.<br />
it. enables. better. probing. <strong>of</strong>. the. measurement. process. in.<br />
cases.where.complete.measurement,.due.to.the.uncertainty.principle,.obstructs.it..Ahar<strong>on</strong>ov’s.weak.measurement.is.another.method.<strong>of</strong>.measuring.values.normally.obstructed.by.the.uncertainty.principle..Happily,.the.two.methods.complement.and.corroborate.<strong>on</strong>e.<br />
another.in.some.interesting.ways..In.this.paper.I.gedankenly.apply.<br />
partial.measurements.to.the.EPR.case.in.order.to.dem<strong>on</strong>strate.the.<br />
temporal.uniqueness.<strong>of</strong>.quantum.n<strong>on</strong>locality..A.pair.<strong>of</strong>.entangled.<br />
particles.undergoes.more.than.a.pair.<strong>of</strong>.measurements.while.remaining.partially.correlated.(something.impossible.with.complete.measurements)..Surprisingly,.the.temporal.relati<strong>on</strong>s.between.the.measurements.<br />
do. not. follow. the. temporal. sequence. perceived. by. an.<br />
external.observer..For.each.particle,.the.measurements.performed.<br />
<strong>on</strong>.the.other.particle.behave.as.if.they.occurred.(with.their.values.<br />
reversed).in.that.particle’s.past..This.fully.accords.with.Cramer’s.<br />
transacti<strong>on</strong>al.interpretati<strong>on</strong>.and.Ahar<strong>on</strong>ov’s.two-vector.formalism..<br />
I.next.c<strong>on</strong>sider.EPR.erasure,.also.much.easier.with.partial.than.with.<br />
complete.measurements..Here.too,.the.temporal.relati<strong>on</strong>s.between.<br />
several. measurements. and. erasures. are. fully. c<strong>on</strong>sistent. with. the.<br />
intriguing.spacetime.zigzag.<strong>of</strong>.the.retrocausal.models.<br />
33 The Broken Symmetry <strong>of</strong> Time,.RUTH E. KASTNER.(Department.<br />
<strong>of</strong>. Philosophy,. <strong>University</strong>. <strong>of</strong>. Maryland,. College. Park,. MD.<br />
20742;.rkastner@umd.edu).<br />
The.fundamental.physical.laws.<strong>of</strong>.nature.are.time-symmetric,.yet.<br />
our.temporal.experience.is.decisively.time-asymmetric..In.this.presentati<strong>on</strong>.I.c<strong>on</strong>sider.the.questi<strong>on</strong>:.exactly.what.is.it.that.needs.explaining.about.the.broken.symmetry.<strong>of</strong>.time,.and.to.what.extent.does.this.situati<strong>on</strong>.differ.from.other.instances.<strong>of</strong>.symmetry.breaking.in.physics?<br />
34 Mechanism <strong>of</strong> the Quantum Speed-up, GIUSEPPE CASTAG-<br />
NOLI.(ICT.Divisi<strong>on</strong>,.Elsag.Bailey,.Via.<strong>San</strong>.Bernardo.9/A,.16030.<br />
68<br />
Pieve.Ligure,.Italy;.giuseppe.castagnoli@gmail.com).<br />
Quantum.informati<strong>on</strong>.is.more.and.more.becoming.a.tool.for.<br />
investigating.the.foundati<strong>on</strong>s.<strong>of</strong>.quantum.mechanics..A.recent.theoretical.development.suggests.that.there.is.a.c<strong>on</strong>necti<strong>on</strong>.between.the.<br />
well-known.quantum.speed-up.–.the.fact.that.quantum.algorithms.<br />
can.require.fewer.computati<strong>on</strong>.steps.than.their.classical.equivalent.<br />
–.and.forward.and.reverse.time.effects..<br />
In.database.search,.Bob.chooses.a.database.locati<strong>on</strong>.and.gives.to.Alice.<br />
a.black-box.that.outputs.1.if.the.input.is.that.locati<strong>on</strong>,0.otherwise..<br />
Alice.should.find.the.database.locati<strong>on</strong>.chosen.by.Bob.by.running.an.<br />
algorithm.that.tries.black-box.computati<strong>on</strong>s.for.different.inputs.<br />
There. is. <strong>of</strong>. course. a. <strong>on</strong>e-to-<strong>on</strong>e. correlati<strong>on</strong>. between. Bob’s.<br />
choice.and.the.soluti<strong>on</strong>.found.by.Alice..In.quantum.database.search.<br />
(which.yields.a.quadratic.speed-up),.this.correlati<strong>on</strong>.becomes.quantum..This.<br />
explains. the. speed-up..All. is. like. the. final. read. out. <strong>of</strong>.<br />
the.soluti<strong>on</strong>.<strong>on</strong>.the.part.<strong>of</strong>.Alice.c<strong>on</strong>tributed.to.Bob’s.choice..Back.<br />
evolving.this.c<strong>on</strong>tributi<strong>on</strong>.to.before.running.the.algorithm,.where.<br />
Bob’s. choice. is. positi<strong>on</strong>ed,. shows. that.Alice. knows. half. <strong>of</strong>. this.<br />
choice.in.advance..The.quantum.algorithm.is.the.quantum.superpositi<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.all.the.possible.ways.<strong>of</strong>.knowing.in.advance.half.<strong>of</strong>.Bob’s.choice.and.classically.identifying.the.missing.half.through.blackbox.computati<strong>on</strong>s..This.naturally.yields.a.speed-up.with.respect.to.<br />
the.classical.case.where.Bob’s.choice.is.completely.hidden.to.Alice..<br />
Noticeably,.this.explanati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.the.quantum.speed.up.involves.<br />
a.causality.loop..Alice.produces.the.soluti<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.the.problem.with.<br />
fewer.black-box.computati<strong>on</strong>s.than.classically.possible.because.she.<br />
knows.in.advance.50%.<strong>of</strong>.the.informati<strong>on</strong>.about.the.soluti<strong>on</strong>.she.will.<br />
produce.in.the.future,.in.all.possible.ways.in.quantum.superpositi<strong>on</strong>..<br />
The. same. argument. extends. to. the. quantum. algorithms. that.<br />
yield.an.exp<strong>on</strong>ential.speed.up.<br />
35 Cyclical Cosmology <strong>on</strong> a Mobius Strip, MICHAEL IBISON<br />
(Institute.for.Advanced.<strong>Studies</strong>.at.Austin,.11855.Research.Boulevard,.Austin,.TX.78759,.USA;.ibis<strong>on</strong>@ias-austin.org).<br />
The. Cosmological. Expansi<strong>on</strong>. will. c<strong>on</strong>tinue. forever. in. time.<br />
measured.with.a.proper.clock..But.the.expansi<strong>on</strong>.will.come.to.an.<br />
end.in.about.47.GYr.as.measured.with.a.c<strong>on</strong>formal.clock..At.that.<br />
time,.according.to.a.literal.interpretati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.the.Friedmann.equati<strong>on</strong>,.<br />
the.Universe.will.start.to.c<strong>on</strong>tract..Fermi<strong>on</strong>ic.and.electromagnetic.<br />
fields. expressed. in. a. c<strong>on</strong>formal. coordinate. system. turn. out. to. be.<br />
sensitive.to.the.c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s.at.the.time.<strong>of</strong>.this.sudden.reversal,.so.it.<br />
would.not.be.safe.to.ignore.that.event.as.<strong>of</strong>.no.c<strong>on</strong>sequence..At.issue.<br />
is.to.what.extent.the.future.turn-around.might.impose.an.effective.<br />
boundary.c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>,.perhaps.with.present-day.observable.effects.<br />
Based.primarily.<strong>on</strong>.an.assumpti<strong>on</strong>.that.fermi<strong>on</strong>ic.fields.c<strong>on</strong>tinue.analytically.through.the.future.singularity,.we.infer.a.relati<strong>on</strong>ship.between.discrete.symmetries.<strong>of</strong>.charge,.parity,.mass,.and.time.inversi<strong>on</strong>s,.and.the.topology.<strong>of</strong>.the.manifold..We.discuss.a.topology.that.is.closed.in.time.but.n<strong>on</strong>etheless.permits.identificati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.<br />
a.cosmological.arrow.<strong>of</strong>.time..The.status.<strong>of</strong>.the.electrodynamic.and.<br />
thermodynamic.arrows.for.this.model.are.presently.unknown..<br />
36 Understanding Retrocausality – and Losing a Wager, RICH-<br />
ARD SHOUP.(Boundary.Institute,.P.O..Box.10336,.<strong>San</strong>.Jose,.CA.<br />
95157;.rshoup@boundary.org)..<br />
In.further.investigati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.a.wager.made.during.the.previous.<br />
AAAS.Retrocausality.Symposium.5.years.ago,.we.examine.why.<br />
exactly.it.is.that.a.message.cannot.be.sent.into.the.past.and.received.<br />
there,.yet.certain.anomalous.correlati<strong>on</strong>s.can.make.it.appear.just.<br />
that.way..But.to.accomplish.this,.we.must.first.explore.more.deeply,.
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