7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...

a.part.of.STEM.graduate.education.and.is.often.completely.absent.
from. postdoctoral. training.. Thus,. increased. access. to. training. in.
pedagogy. for. student. teaching. assistants. (TAs). and. postdoctoral.
scholars.has.the.potential.to.improve.the.quality.of.instruction.in.the.
STEM.classroom..In.order.to.provide.TAs.with.the.advice.and.tools.
they.need.to.create.a.safe.learning.environment.that.respects.student.
diversity.and.encourages.learning,.a.group.of.postdoctoral.scholars.
in.the.Division.of.Biological.Sciences.at.UCSD.have.developed.a.
TA.training.workshop.on.inclusive.teaching..We.began.our.development.of.this.workshop.by.reviewing.a.series.of.relevant.readings.
and. discussing. the. roles. that. identity,. diversity,. and. unconscious.
bias.play.in.the.classroom..Currently,.our.workshop.uses.a.combination.of.self-reflective.and.group.activities.to.personalize.diversity.issues.and.model.best.practices.for.inclusive.teaching..Based.on.participant.pre-.and.post-surveys,.this.workshop.has.been.successful.in.promoting.awareness.of.unconscious.bias.and.providing.
strategies.that.participants.can.use.in.their.classrooms.to.facilitate.
and.encourage.student.learning..We.will.discuss.the.format.for.our.
workshop.as.well.as.the.process.for.preparing.postdoctoral.facilitators.and.efforts.to.ensure.sustainability.and.replicability.
278 On Mathematical Education: Mathematics Neither Necessary
Nor Sufficient for Science,.G. ARTHUR MIHRAM 1 * and DAN-
IELLE MIHRAM 2 .( 1 P..O..Box.No..1188,.Princeton,.NJ.08542-
1188;. 2 Department. of. French. and. Italian,. University. of. Southern.
California,.650.W.35 th .St.,.Los.Angeles,.CA.90089;.dmihram@usc.
edu).
We.expand.on.the.ancient.(Greek).mathematicians’.appreciation—that.familiarity.with.mathematics.is.important.not.so.much.
for.remembering.mentally.its.content.but.more.for.its.ability,.in.a.
learner,.to.discipline.his/her.mind.for.adult.decision-making..
In.particular,.with.respect.to.Science.[being.that.human.activity.
devoted.to.the.search.for.the.very.explanation.for.(i.e..for.the.truth.
about).any.particular.naturally.occurring.phenomenon],.mathematics.is.neither.necessary.nor.sufficient.for.its.successful.conduct:.
On.sufficiency:.Mathematics,.being.a.language.and,.therefore,.
historically. a. subject. of. arts,. and. not. science,. faculties,. need. not.
be.concerned.with.explaining.any.naturally.occurring.phenomenon.
directly:.Euclidean.geometry.
On.necessity:.Since.any.scientist.needs—as.his.explanation.of.
the.naturally.occurring.phenomenon.observed.in.Nature—a.model,.
he/she.can.chose.from.any.art.form.which.would.convey.it,.preferably.with.specificity:.the.cave.wall,.a.painting,.or.any.of.three.
linguistic. forms:. (I). natural. language:. à. la. Darwin. (first-person);.
(II). mathematics:. à. la. Newton. (third-person:. F=mXa);. or,. today,.
(III). algorithmic,. computer-programming. languages. (second-person),.
ideal. for. capturing. with. scientific. credibility. the. dynamics.
of.any.living/social.system.since.the.decision,.providing.irregular.
change(s). in. such. systems,. is. readily. expressed. as. an. algorithm,.
which,.though.impeccably.logical,.is.not.mathematics:.to.wit,.‘.IF.
IX.a,.b,.c.’...
For.educators,.the.pertinence.of.mathematics.in.the.curriculum.
of. tertiary. education. is. requisite;. Science. neither. necessarily. follows.from.its.use.nor.requires.that.it.be.employed.in.any.particular.
scientific.explanation.(model)..
ABSTRACTS.–.Contributed.Oral.Papers
AAASPD
ANTHROPOLOGY and ARCHAEOLOGY SECTION
Monday, starting at 11:00 a.m. in KIPJ 220
279 The Seri, the Sun and the Slug: Cultural and Natural History
of Berthellina ilisima (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) from the Central
Sea of Cortez,. HANS BERTSCH 1 * and CATHy MOSER
MARLETT 2 . ( 1 Universidad. Autónoma. de. Baja. California,. 192.
Imperial.Beach.Blvd..#A,.Imperial.Beach,.CA.91932;. 2 SIL.International,.63955.E..Condalia.Pl.,.Tucson,.AZ.85739;.hansmarvida@
sbcglobal.net,.cathy_marlett@sil.org).
The.Seri.people.of.western.Sonora.have.a.rich.and.profound.
relationship.with.molluscs..In.addition.to.multiple.sustainable.uses.
(for.food,.utensils,.tools,.etc.),.molluscs.form.an.important.component.of.their.folklore,.history.and.linguistics..They.gave.indigenous.
names. to. over. 150. species. of. molluscs..Two. species. of. opisthobranch.molluscs.are.known.by.common.names.in.their.language:.
Bulla gouldiana.Pilsbry,.1893,.and.Berthellina ilisima.(Marcus.and.
Marcus,.1967).
The.Seris.used.the.shelled.cephalaspidean.Bulla gouldiana.for.
pendant.jewelry,.and.called.the.animal.cacaapxom.(‘what.fattens.
[something]’)..
Living. Berthellina ilisima. are. bright. yellow. to. orange-red,.
reaching.60.mm.in.total.length..The.Seris.named.this.species.xepenozaah.(‘sun.in.the.sea’)..However,.this.species.is.not.eaten.nor.
used. by. the. Seri.. Its. brilliant. color. and. commonness. called. their.
attention.to.this.slug.
Berthellina ilisima.ranges.throughout.the.Sea.of.Cortez.and.
south.along.the.Mexican.and.Central.American.coastline.to.Panamá..It.also.occurs.in.the.Galápagos.Islands,.and.northerly.in.southern.California.during.warm.water.El.Niño.events..At.Bahía.de.los.
Ángeles,.Baja.California.(an.area.known.to.and.probably.visited.by.
the.Seri.people.for.centuries),.it.was.the.fourth.most.common.opisthobranch.observed.during.an.18-year.long.term.ecological.study..
This.species.showed.a.distinct.annual.August–June.life.cycle..Over.
90%. of. egg. masses. were. seen. from. May–July;. copulating. pairs.
were.seen.in.May.and.June..Examination.of.fecal.material.suggests.
it.eats.haploscleridan.sponge.
280 Complete Fourth Metatarsal and Arches in the Foot of
Australopithecus afarensis, JEFF MELDRUM 1 *, ESTEBAN
SARMIENTO 2 , and PAUL MITCHELL 3 ( 1 Department.of.Biological.Sciences,.Idaho.State.University,.921.S..8th.Ave,.Pocatello,.
ID.83209;. 2 Human.Evolution.Foundation;. 3 Department.of.Anthropology,.University.of.Pennsylvania,.3451.Walnut.Street,.Philadelphia,.PA.19104;.meldd@isu.edu).
In.a.recent.Science.report.on.a.complete.Australopithecus afarensis.fourth.metatarsal.(AL.333-160)..Ward.et.al..argue.that.this.bone.shows.the.foot.of.this.hominin.had.fixed.transverse.and.longitudinal.arches.and.conclude.that.this.taxon.was.an.habitual.biped,.
unlikely.to.have.been.under.any.selection.for.arboreal.behaviors..
These. same. measurements. on. larger. samples,. including. all.African.ape.species,.humans,.and.baboons,.do.not.support.their.conclusions..The.authors.dismiss.other.skeletal.evidence.for.the.presence.
or.absence.of.pedal.arches.in.A. afarensis.as.ambiguous,.incorrectly.
asserting.that.key.bones.from.the.midfoot.have.been.lacking..Yet.
they.ignore.all.of.the.literature.on.the.other.A. afarensis.foot.bones.
from. the. same. AL. 333. locality. offering. more. extensive. studies.
strongly.suggesting.the.AL.333.foot.possessed.considerable.tarsal.
mobility.and.no.fixed.transverse.or.longitudinal.arches..While.the.
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