7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...
7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...
7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...
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culturally..One.<strong>of</strong>.the.infants.was.radiocarb<strong>on</strong>-dated.to.be.918.+.26.<br />
B.P..Samples.from.the.fur.used.to.flex.and.wrap.the.infant.were.collected.in.order.to.determine.if.it.is.mule,.white-tailed.deer.or.other.<br />
animal..Using.Pääbo.technique.and.Quiagen.Kit.modified.to.isolate.<br />
DNA,.we.amplified.the.third.variable.regi<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.mitoch<strong>on</strong>drial.gene.<br />
D-Loop.and.sent.it.to.sequencing..Sequences.obtained.were.analyzed.to.determine.at.least.the.genus.<strong>of</strong>.the.organism’s.sample..The.geographical.ranges.<strong>of</strong>.both.species.<strong>of</strong>.deer.overlap.in.the.Cuatrociénegas.<br />
regi<strong>on</strong>,. and. several. authors. menti<strong>on</strong>. the. almost. perfect.<br />
DNA. similarity. between. species,. mainly. in. the. border. regi<strong>on</strong>. <strong>of</strong>.<br />
México.and.the.United.States..We.also.identified.the.principal.plant.<br />
comp<strong>on</strong>ent.<strong>of</strong>.the.“petate” and.other.elements.<strong>of</strong>.the.burial.bundle.<br />
205 Characterizati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Mummy</strong> Hair at Nanometric Level Through<br />
Atomic Force Microscopy, CARMEN PIJOAN 1 *, PEDRO<br />
BOSCH 2 , CARLOS FLORES 2 , JOSEFINA MANSILLA 1 ,<br />
ILÁN LEBOREIRO 1 , and MARíA TERESA MENENDEz-<br />
TABOADA 3 ( 1 Direcci<strong>on</strong>. de.Antropología. Fisica,. Instituto. Naci<strong>on</strong>al.de.Antropología.e.Historia,.Reforma.y.Gandhi.s/n,.C.P..11560,.<br />
México,.D.F.;. 2 Universidad.Naci<strong>on</strong>al.Aut<strong>on</strong>oma.de.México,.Instituto.<br />
de. Investigaci<strong>on</strong>es. en. Materiales,. Ciudad. Universitaria,. C.P..<br />
04510,.México.D.F.;. 3 Escuela.Naci<strong>on</strong>al.de.Antropología.e.Historia,.<br />
Periférico.Sur.y.Zapote.s/n..C.P..14030.México,.D.F.;.cmpijoan@<br />
yahoo.com).<br />
The.characterizati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.human.hair.has.been.usually.reduced.<br />
to.morphology.at.a.micr<strong>on</strong>.level.through.scanning.electr<strong>on</strong>.microscopy.<br />
images.. However,. nowadays. atomic. force. microscopy. has.<br />
been.shown.to.be.an.adequate.technique.to.study.hair..The.main.<br />
advantage.<strong>of</strong>.such.method.is.that.it.does.not.require.any.pretreatment.<strong>of</strong>.the.sample,.i.e..no.covering.with.a.c<strong>on</strong>ductor.material.or.<br />
high.vacuum..The.disadvantage.is.that.it.does.not.have.high.focus.<br />
depth..Results.obtained.with.atomic.force.microscopy.have.been.<br />
reported.for.c<strong>on</strong>temporary.hair,.but.n<strong>on</strong>e.can.be.found.in.the.bibliography.for.mummy.hair..Only,.in.a.previous.work,.we.have.shown.<br />
how. scanning. electr<strong>on</strong>. microscopy. and. atomic. force. microscopy.<br />
are.complementary.techniques.in.the.characterizati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.mummy.<br />
and.c<strong>on</strong>temporary.hairs,.mummy.materials.came.from.adults.and.<br />
children.found.in.La.Ventana.cave,.North.México..In.this.study,.we.<br />
compare.mummy.hair.(adult.female).and.the.corresp<strong>on</strong>ding.c<strong>on</strong>temporary.hair.images.obtained.by.atomic.force.microscopy.at.a.higher.amplificati<strong>on</strong>..The.alterati<strong>on</strong>s,.easily.observed.at.a.macroscopic.level,.resp<strong>on</strong>d.to.modificati<strong>on</strong>s.<strong>of</strong>.the.nanometric.structure.<br />
206 Trace Elements in Ancient Tarahumara <strong>Mummy</strong> Hair, MARíA<br />
TERESA MENENDEz-TABOADA (Escuela.Naci<strong>on</strong>al.de.Antropología.e.Historia,.Periférico.Sur.y.Zapote.s/n..C.P..14030,.México,.<br />
D.F.;.terehueza@hotmail.com).<br />
This.study.integrates.a.variety.<strong>of</strong>.techniques.that.help.determine.the.c<strong>on</strong>centrati<strong>on</strong>s.<strong>of</strong>.trace.elements.in.Prehispanic.mummy.<br />
hair..Human.recent.hair.samples.and.from.Tarahumaran.mummies.<br />
were. analyzed;. results. were. obtained. using. X-ray. Fluorescence.<br />
(FRX),.Scanning.Electr<strong>on</strong>.Microscopy.(SEM),.Energy.Dispersive.<br />
X-ray. Spectroscopy. (EDS),. Neutr<strong>on</strong>.Activati<strong>on</strong>.Analysis. (NAA),.<br />
Attenuated.Total.Reflectance-Fourier.Transform.Infrared.Spectroscopy.(ATR-FTIR).and.X-ray.Diffracti<strong>on</strong>.(DRX);.these.results.give.a.great.approach.<strong>of</strong>.the.diet.and.the.envir<strong>on</strong>ment.<strong>of</strong>.these.individuals,.and.their.populati<strong>on</strong>..Another.important.finding.was.the.c<strong>on</strong>taminati<strong>on</strong>.and.preservati<strong>on</strong>.hair.level..Also.a.comparis<strong>on</strong>.between.<br />
ancient.hair,.modern.hair.and.burial.soil.was.made..The.Prehispanic.<br />
samples. showed. higher. c<strong>on</strong>centrati<strong>on</strong>s. in. trace. elements. related.<br />
ABSTRACTS.–.Symposia<br />
with. the. envir<strong>on</strong>ment,. such. as. aluminum,. potassium. and. silic<strong>on</strong>;.<br />
later.with.the.ancient.washed.hair,.the.results.revealed.a.higher.vegetable.<br />
food. intake. than. those. <strong>of</strong>. c<strong>on</strong>temporary. samples;. this. was.<br />
principally.dem<strong>on</strong>strated.with.the.magnesium.and.zinc.c<strong>on</strong>centrati<strong>on</strong>s.in.both.kinds.<strong>of</strong>.samples.<br />
207 Analysis <strong>of</strong> the Genetic and Historical C<strong>on</strong>text <strong>of</strong> Two Prehispanic<br />
Mummies from México: Phylogeography as an Approach to<br />
Complement the Understanding <strong>of</strong> Past Populati<strong>on</strong>s, ANA SER-<br />
RANO* and MARIEL DURÁN. (Escuela. Naci<strong>on</strong>al. de.Antropología.e.Historia,.Periférico.Sur.y.Zapote.s/n..C.P..14030.México,.<br />
D.F.;.banana_kaiser@hotmail.com;.marielgeinfisher@msn.com).<br />
The.study.<strong>of</strong>.indigenous.populati<strong>on</strong>s,.whether.c<strong>on</strong>temporary.<br />
or.extant,.in.México.and.the.south.<strong>of</strong>.United.States.is.based.mainly.<br />
in.three.cultural.areas.defined.as.Mesoamerica,.Aridoamerica.and.<br />
Great.Southwest..The.analysis.<strong>of</strong>.the.populati<strong>on</strong>s.around.these.areas.<br />
is.mainly.supported.by.their.geography,.family.or.linguistic.group.<br />
and.cultural.traits..But,.what.about.biology?.Physical.Anthropology,.through.Phylogeography,.allows.us.to.understand.the.human.<br />
being.from.a.bio-cultural.perspective..This.work.took.as.reference.<br />
this.perspective.with.the.purpose.<strong>of</strong>.visualize.the.different.relati<strong>on</strong>ships.between.two.mummified.individuals.from.south.Tamaulipas,.<br />
discovered.by.Richard.MacNeish.during.his.expediti<strong>on</strong>s.between.<br />
1955.and.1956,.and.the.relati<strong>on</strong>ships.<strong>of</strong>.these.with.other.populati<strong>on</strong>s.from.México.and.the.south.<strong>of</strong>.United.States..We.look.forward.to.make.a.characterizati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.the.mtDNA.Haplogroups.in.prehispanic.populati<strong>on</strong>s.from.the.north.part.<strong>of</strong>.México.to.obtain.informati<strong>on</strong>.that.c<strong>on</strong>textualize.archaeological.and.historical.data.from.groups.which.populated.the.area.to.draw.different.kinds.<strong>of</strong>.comparis<strong>on</strong>s..Our.results.indicated.that.the.most.ancient.<strong>of</strong>.the.mummies.bel<strong>on</strong>g.to.Haplogroup.A.(d13C=-12.8.2583.±.38),.meanwhile.<br />
the. other. bel<strong>on</strong>gs. to. Haplogroup. C. (d13C=-9.4. 870. ±. 29).. Both.<br />
mummies.differ.in.their.Haplogroup.and.in.their.antiquity;.there.is.<br />
a.gap.<strong>of</strong>.almost.2000.years.between.them..Furthermore,.genetically.<br />
Sample.2.(hap.C).is.related.to.populati<strong>on</strong>s.from.north.México.and.<br />
south.United.States..On.the.other.hand.Sample.1.(hap.A).is.associated.with.populati<strong>on</strong>s.from.the.central.part.and.south.<strong>of</strong>.México.<br />
<strong>Studies</strong> <strong>on</strong> an Old Kingdom <strong>Mummy</strong><br />
Thursday, starting at 10:30 a.m. in KIPJ Theatre<br />
208 Introducti<strong>on</strong>: <strong>Studies</strong> <strong>on</strong> an Old Kingdom <strong>Mummy</strong>, BOB<br />
BRIER (C.W.. Post. Campus,. L<strong>on</strong>g. Island. <strong>University</strong>,. Greenvale,.<br />
NY.11548,.USA;.<strong>Mummy</strong>123@aol.com).<br />
Although.much.has.been.written.about.mummificati<strong>on</strong>.practices.in.ancient.Egypt,.little.<strong>of</strong>.this.deals.with.mummies.<strong>of</strong>.the.Old.Kingdom..Part.<strong>of</strong>.the.reas<strong>on</strong>.for.this.lack.or.research.is.the.relative.scarcity.<strong>of</strong>.mummies.from.the.Pyramid.Age..In.the.Americas,.<br />
the.<strong>on</strong>ly.Old.Kingdom.mummy.that.we.know.<strong>of</strong>.is.in.the.Michael.<br />
C..Carlos.Museum.in.Atlanta,.Georgia..A.recent.exhibiti<strong>on</strong>,.“Life.<br />
and.Death.in.the.Pyramid.Age:.The.Emory.Old.Kingdom.<strong>Mummy</strong>”.<br />
gave.us.an.opportunity.to.study.this.mummy,.which.has.never.been.<br />
<strong>on</strong>.display.before..This.symposium.presents.the.preliminary.findings.<strong>of</strong>.this.study<br />
209 A History <strong>of</strong> the Oldest Egyptian <strong>Mummy</strong> in the Americas,.<br />
PETER LACOVARA 1 and.BOB BRIER 2 *.( 1 Michael.C..Carlos.<br />
Museum,.Atlanta,.GA;. 2 C.W..Post.Campus,.L<strong>on</strong>g.Island.<strong>University</strong>,.<br />
Greenvale,.NY.11548,.USA;.mummy123@aol.com).<br />
107
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