7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...

ABSTRACTS.–.Contributed.Posters
was.by.mercurial.ointments.copiously.applied.to.all.rashes.without.
regard.to.etiology..
.We.examined.muscle.and.hair.from.Ferrante.of.Aragon,.King.
of. Naples. (1469-1496),. and. bone. and. hair. from. Isabella. of.Aragon.(1470-1524)..We.used.immunoassays.to.detect.leishmaniasis.
and.malaria.on.bone.and.muscle,.hydrogen.isotope.ratios.along.the.
length. of. hair,. and. microfocused. synchrotron. X-ray. fluorescence.
analyses.of.single.hairs.from.both.nobles..
. We. found. Isabella. and. Ferrante. positive. for. antibodies. to.
visceral.leishmaniasis,.but.it.is.not.known.whether.they.suffered.
from.syphilis..Both.had.high.levels.of.mercury.in.their.hair..Ferrante’s.hair,.over.a.period.of.two.days,.contained.mercury.reaching.
10,000.ppm,.whereas.the.remaining.two.days.analyzed.were.around.
150.ppm..This.implies.that.a.portion.of.the.mercury.was.externally.
applied.to.the.hair.rather.than.accumulated.by.metabolic.processes..
The.growth.of.Ferrante’s.hair.was.12.cm/year,.Isabella’s.hair.2.cm/
year.(normal.growth.rate.~16-17.cm/year)..Tests.for.malaria.were.
negative. in. both. individuals.. Biologic. rhythms,. as. judged. from.
power.spectra.of.the.hydrogen.isotope.ratios.and.of.mercury.levels.
at.micrometer.intervals.along.the.lengths.of.the.hairs.of.both.individuals,.were.severely.disrupted.
.Our.results.extend.the.possible.therapeutic.range.of.mercury.
ointments.to.leishmaniasis.in.Renaissance.Europe.
361 Rethinking Anthracosis: A Critical Re-examination of a Diagnostic
Trend, (Case Study from a 19 th Century West Virginian
Mummy), JULIA WOODWARD 1 *, CATHERINE GAITHER 1 ,
RAMONE GONzALEz 2 , RONALD G. BECKETT 2 , GER-
ALD J. CONLOGUE 2 , CARLyNE COOL 3,4 , and STEVE
GROSHONG 4 . ( 1 Metropolitan. State. College. of. Denver,. Denver,.
CO;. 3 Quinnipiac.University,.Hamden,.CT;. 3 University.of.Colorado,.
Denver,.CO;. 4 National.Jewish.Health;.jhwoodw@yahoo.co.uk)..
The.specific.aims.of.the.study.was.to.first.biopsy.a.lesion.noted.
on.plane.radiographs.and.computed.tomography.scan.taken.in.2001.
and.then.to.rehydrate.and.examine.the.tissue.for.pathology.
The. biopsy. was. performed. on. a. female. mummy. from.West.
Virginia,. who. had. died. in. 1888.. The. procedure. was. done. at. the.
Barbour.County.Historical.Society.Museum.in.Philippi,.West.Virginia..Approximately.half.the.lesion.was.removed.for.processing..
Samples. were. processed. at. National. Jewish. Health. laboratories.
using.a.modified.version.of.the.Sandison.technique.to.rehydrate..
They.were.then.placed.in.a.tissue.processor,.embedded.in.paraplast.
x-tra,.mounted.on.slides,.and.routinely.stained.with.hematoxylin.
and.eosin.
Outcomes:. Severe. emphysema. and. moderate. to. marked.
anthracosis.were.found..Research.into.anthracosis.revealed.generalized.use.of.the.term.to.describe.black.carbon.pigmentation.in.the.
lungs,.despite.the.fact.that.medical.literature.defines.anthracosis.as.
a.form.of.pneumoconiosis.marked.specifically.by.the.presence.of.
coal.dust.in.the.lungs..Because.the.mineral.source.determines.particle.
distribution. and. subsequent. lesion. development,. differential.
diagnosis.between.the.different.forms.of.pneumoconiosis,.such.as.
silicosis,.should.be.employed..Determining.the.source.of.the.pigmentation.may.be.a.vital.regional.or.economic.determinate.
362 Dental Morphology of a Juvenile Mummy from the Shelton
Expedition: Observations and Measurements Made from CT Scans
and Stereolithography, HEATHER EDGAR 1 * and SHARA
BAILEy 2 . ( 1 Department. of.Anthropology. and. Maxwell. Museum.
of.Anthropology,. University. of. New. Mexico,.Albuquerque,. NM.
146
87131;. 2 Department. of. Anthropology,. New. York. University,. 25.
Waverly.Place.New.York,.NY.10003;.hjhedgar@unm.edu).
Dental.morphology.is.an.effective.method.with.which.to.trace.
intra-. and. inter-population. relationships.. Dental. morphological.
studies. analyze. data. from. observations. of. standardized. morphological.characteristics.found.on.the.crown.surfaces.of.teeth,.such.
as.shovel-shaped.incisors.and.Carabelli’s.trait..The.fact.that.dental.
morphology. is. genetically. controlled,. evolutionarily. conservative.
and.comparable.through.time.makes.it.ideal.for.exploring.biological.distance.among.groups.as.well.as.individuals’.relationships.to.
populations..
Usually.dental.morphological.data.is.gathered.through.direct.
observations.of.teeth..However,.such.observations.are.often.impossible.
when. studying. mummies.. For. this. study,. highly. precise.
computed.tomography.images.of.a.mummy.from.the.1920.Shelton.Expedition.to.Egypt.were.employed.to.permit.non-destructive.
observations. of. tooth. morphology.. First,. the. images. of. the. teeth.
were.isolated.from.the.image.of.the.surrounding.tissue,.so.that.the.
surfaces.of.the.teeth.could.be.visualized..Second,.the.tomographic.
images.were.used.to.direct.stereolithographic.“printing”.of.the.teeth.
for.direct.observation.and.measurement.
The. resulting. images. and. “printed”. teeth. were. examined. in.
order. to. score. dental. morphological. variants. of. the. occlusal. and.
dentin-enamel. surfaces. of. the. deciduous. and. permanent. teeth..
These.observations.were.then.compared.with.dental.trait.frequencies.
from. various. populations. that. inhabited. the. geographic. area.
at. the. time. of. the. mummy’s. life..This. data. provides. information.
about.the.mummy’s.biological.affiliation.that.would.not.have.been.
possible. non-destructively. without. the. use. of. advanced. imaging.
techniques.
363 Preliminary Analysis by FTIR Spectroscopy of Ancient
Egyptian Embalmed Heads from the Museum of Anthropology
and Ethnography of the University of Turin, Italy,.
(MARIA GRAzIA BRIDELLI 1 , ALIDA DELL’ANNA 1 ,
ROSA BOANO 2 *, and SERGIA DE IASIO 3 . ( 1 Physics.
Department,.University.of.Parma,.Italy;. 2 Department.of.Animal.and.Human.Biology,.University.of.Turin,.Italy;.
3 Human.
and.Animal.Biology.Department,.University.of.Parma,.Italy;.
rosa.boano@unito.it).
FTIR. spectroscopy. has. been. employed. to. verify. the.
preservation.state.of.some.Egyptian.embalmed.heads.stored.
in.the.Museum.of.Anthropology.and.Ethnography.of.Turin.
(Italy).. The. aim. of. the. research. is. to. document. preserved.
molecular.information,.cultural.treatment.and.general.condition.
of. the. tissues. in. order. to. plan. modern. conservation.
procedures..Eight.embalmed.heads.and.one.naturally.mummified.were.tested..Infrared.absorption.measurements.were.
performed.in.transmission.mode,.within.the.4000-250.cm -1 .
wavenumber.range.on.pellets.obtained.by.mixing.∼1.5.mg.
of.sample.with.KBr.(100.mg)..The.infrared.spectra.of.the.
ancient. skin. specimens. were. compared. with. the. spectrum.
of.a.modern.skin.sample..The.preservation.of.the.samples.
state.was.evaluated.on.the.base.of.the.position.and.shape.of.
the.proteins.characteristic.bands:.Amide.A,.B,.I.II.and.III).
and. lipids. (ν as (CH 2 ). and. ν s (CH 2 ),. δ sciss (CH 2 ). and. δ rock (CH 2 )..
Different. degrees. of. deterioration. were. observed:. some.