ABSTRACTS.–.C<strong>on</strong>tributed.Posters 367 Role <strong>of</strong> Muscle Mass in Weight Loss Am<strong>on</strong>g Obese Women, ANPALAKI J. RAGAVAN (Department.<strong>of</strong>.Biomedical.Engineering,.<strong>University</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.Nevada,.Reno,.NV.89557;.ragavan@unr.edu). Low. muscle. mass. associated. with. decreased. functi<strong>on</strong>,. can. be.an.indicator.<strong>of</strong>.higher.body.weight..Loss.<strong>of</strong>.muscle.mass.with. weight.loss.may.not.be.fully.recovered.with.weight.gain.in.old.age.. The.influence.<strong>of</strong>.age,.percent.body.fat(PFAT),.muscle.mass(MM),. body.water.c<strong>on</strong>tent(BWC).and.body.mass.index(BMI).<strong>on</strong>.weight. loss(WL).over.a.period.<strong>of</strong>.12.weeks.was.investigated.in.two.groups. <strong>of</strong>.obese.(BMI.≥.30),.i).insulin.resistant.(fasting.insulin.level.≥.15. µU/mL,.n=44).and.ii).insulin.sensitive.(fasting.insulin.level.
vector.commands.to.navigate.around.the.obstacles.. After. a. series. <strong>of</strong>. trial. runs,. the. novel. navigati<strong>on</strong>. yielded. an. average.run.time.<strong>of</strong>.38.45.sec<strong>on</strong>ds.while.the.c<strong>on</strong>venti<strong>on</strong>al.navigati<strong>on</strong>.resulted.in.an.average.run.time.<strong>of</strong>.140.57.sec<strong>on</strong>ds..The.additi<strong>on</strong>. <strong>of</strong>. aerial. visi<strong>on</strong>. from. the. quadrocopter. resulted. in. a. 72.6. percent. improvement.in.operati<strong>on</strong>.time.for.the.ground.robot..These.findings. dem<strong>on</strong>strate. rich. data. provided. from. aerial. imagery. significantly. enhances.and.improves.robot.navigati<strong>on</strong>. 371 An Algorithm to Determine Protein Structure Using Sec<strong>on</strong>dary and Tertiary Structure Predicti<strong>on</strong>,.VIKRAM SUNDAR.(The. Harker.School,.500.Saratoga.Ave,.<strong>San</strong>.Jose,.CA.95129;.14vikrams@ students.harker.org). Protein.structure.predicti<strong>on</strong>.is.key.to.finding.cures.for.diseases. such.as.cancer..Today.biochemists.spend.years.determining.protein. structure..Determining.how.a.protein.folds.into.a.three-dimensi<strong>on</strong>al. shape.is.a.complex.problem..Protein.structure.has.four.levels:.primary,.the.sequence.<strong>of</strong>.amino.acids;.sec<strong>on</strong>dary,.the.local.structure;.tertiary,.the.locati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.a.subunit’s.atoms;.and.quaternary,.the.overall.structure..Sec<strong>on</strong>dary.structure.is.classified.into.motifs,.such.as. helices. or. sheets.. I. wanted. to. predict. tertiary. structure. by. using. residue.propensity,.the.probability.that.a.given.amino.acid.forms. a.particular.motif..To.validate.the.results.an.RMSE.analysis.calculated.the.error.in.the.predicted.structure..The.goal.for.this.algorithm. was.to.achieve.a.low.RMSE.in.80%.<strong>of</strong>.all.proteins..My.algorithm. built.a.table.<strong>of</strong>.residue.propensities.by.reading.the.entire.Protein. Data.Bank..Using.this.data,.it.predicted.sec<strong>on</strong>dary.structure.given. the.amino.acid.sequence..Then,.the.algorithm.performed.threading,. i.e..using.the.structure.<strong>of</strong>.known.proteins.with.similar.sequences.to. complete.the.predicted.structure..Finally,.my.algorithm.calculated. the.coordinates.<strong>of</strong>.the.central.atoms.<strong>of</strong>.each.amino.acid.in.the.protein.based.<strong>on</strong>.this.informati<strong>on</strong>..To.allow.viewing.<strong>of</strong>.the.predicti<strong>on</strong>s. sample.pdb.files.were.produced,.which.can.be.viewed.using.JMol.. My.algorithm.was.successful.in.producing.low-RMSE.predicti<strong>on</strong>s. in.80%.<strong>of</strong>.cases.tested..It.is.fail-fast,.meaning.that.c<strong>on</strong>fidence.values.are.high.for.predicted.structures..In.additi<strong>on</strong>,.my.algorithm.predicted.structures.within.thirty.minutes,.a.major.improvement.over. the.years.biochemists.need. AGRICULTURE and HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE 372 N<strong>on</strong>-Cytotoxicity <strong>of</strong> Novel Antifungal Aminoglycosides in Mammalian Cells, SANJIB SHRESTHA 1,3 *, CHENG-WEI TOM CHANG 2,3 , MARINA FOSSO 2 , yUKIE KAWASAKI 1 , MICHELLE GRILLEy 1 , and JON y. TAKEMOTO 1,3 .( 1 Department.<strong>of</strong>.Biology,.Utah.State.<strong>University</strong>,.5305.Old.Main.Hill,.Logan,. UT.84322;. 2 Department.<strong>of</strong>.Chemistry.and.Biochemistry,.0300.Old. Main.Hill,.Logan,.UT.84322;. 3 Synthetic.Biomanufacturing.Center. (USTAR),.620.North.600.East,.Utah.State.<strong>University</strong>,.Logan,.UT. 84341;.sanjib.shrestha@usu.edu). Many. neamine-based. aminoglycosides,. such. as. kanamycin,. and. streptomycin,. are. antibiotics. that. effectively. kill. bacteria.. In. c<strong>on</strong>trast, novel. aminoglycosides. FG08,. FG03. and. K20,. derived. from.kanamycins,.are.inhibitory.to.fungi.and.oomycetes,.but.they. do.not.inhibit.bacteria..The.latter.compounds.share.the.structural. feature.<strong>of</strong>.a.C8.alkyl.chain.c<strong>on</strong>taining.a.glycosyl.moiety.attached. to.the.neamine.core..As.potential.fungicides.for.use.in.agriculture. and.medicine,.the.effects.<strong>of</strong>.these.novel.compounds.<strong>on</strong>.mammalian.cells.are.<strong>of</strong>.interest..The.purpose.<strong>of</strong>.this.study.was.to.examine. ABSTRACTS.–.C<strong>on</strong>tributed.Posters the.cytotoxicity.potential.<strong>of</strong>.FG08,.FG03,.and.K20.against.mammalian.cells..FG08.and.FG03.were.synthesized.from.kanamycin.B.and.K20.from.kanamycin.A..Cytotoxicity.activitities.were.evaluated. in. mammalian. cell. lines. C8161.9. (melanoma). and. NIH3T3. (mouse.fibroblast).by.measuring.the.activity.<strong>of</strong>.cellular.reductase. that. reduces. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium. bromide.(MTT).to.formazan..Antifungal.activities.were.determined. as. minimal. inhibitory. c<strong>on</strong>centrati<strong>on</strong>s. (MICs). using. microbroth. diluti<strong>on</strong>.growth.inhibiti<strong>on</strong>.assays..FG08,.FG03,.and.K20.showed. dose-dependent.cytotoxicities.to.C8161.9.and.NIH3T3.cells..Halfmaximal.cytotoxicity.(LC50).values.for.C8161.9.and.NIH3T3.cells. ranged.between.500.to.650.µg.mL -1 .and.250.to.650.µg.mL -1 .respectively..FG08.was.the.most.and.K20.the.least.cytotoxic..FG08,.FG03. and. K20 showed. antifungal. MICs. ranging. between. 7.8. and. 62.5. µg.mL -1 .against.Fusarium graminearum.and.15.6.and.65.5.µg.mL - 1 against.Pythium ultimum..FG08,.FG03,.and.K20.are.not.cytotoxic. to.mammalian.cells.at.c<strong>on</strong>centrati<strong>on</strong>s.equivalent.to.their.antifungal. MICs..These.novel.aminoglycosides.appear.attractive.for.applicati<strong>on</strong>s.as.fungicides.in.medicine.and.agriculture. 373 Scalable Producti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> Syringomycin E as an Organic Compatible Agrifungicide,. yUKIE KAWASAKI*, MICHELLE GRILLEy, and JON TAKEMOTO (Department. <strong>of</strong>. Biology,. Utah. State. <strong>University</strong>,. 5305. Old. Main. Hill,. Logan,. UT. 84322;. yukie.kawasaki@usu.edu). Syringomycin. E. (SRE). is. a. cyclic. lipodepsipeptide. produced. by. the. plant-associated. bacterium. Pseudom<strong>on</strong>as syringae.. It.displays.fungicidal.properties.and.may.have.a.role.in.microbial. competiti<strong>on</strong>. <strong>on</strong>. plant. surfaces.. SRE. is. lethal. to. a. broad. range. <strong>of</strong>. phytopathogenic.fungi.and.is.not.antibacterial.or.toxic.to.animal. cells..As.a.natural.product,.SRE.has.potential.for.use.as.an.organic. compatible.agrifungicide..For.such.applicati<strong>on</strong>s,.standards.as.specified. by. the. USDA. Nati<strong>on</strong>al. Organic. Program. must. be. met..The. aims.<strong>of</strong>.the.project.are.to.develop.P. syringae.strains,.cell.growth. parameters,. and. SRE. purificati<strong>on</strong>. procedures. to. facilitate. SRE’s. use.as.an.organic.agrifungicide..P. syringae B301D.was.subjected. to.ultraviolet.light.mutagenesis.and.selecti<strong>on</strong>.procedues.to.obtain. isolates.with.enhanced.SRE.producti<strong>on</strong>..Growth.was.c<strong>on</strong>ducted.in. an. Omni-culture. (VirTis). bioreactor,. and. SRE. was. purified. after. isopropanol.extracti<strong>on</strong>,.XAD-2.chromatography.and.HPLC..Isolate. G10.displayed.enhanced.SRE.producti<strong>on</strong>.in.a.newly.formulated.and. organic-compatible.growth. medium.(ISM). (50.µg. L -1 .SRE.in.48. h)..Approximately.50%.<strong>of</strong>.the.SRE.produced.was.recovered.after. extracti<strong>on</strong>. and. chromatographic. purificati<strong>on</strong>. using. organic-compatible. isopropanol. throughout. the. process..A. P. syringae. isolate. (G10),.a.growth.medium.formulati<strong>on</strong>,.and.purificati<strong>on</strong>.procedures. were.developed.for.the.scalable.producti<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.SRE.using.materials. and.processes.compatible.with.USDA.Nati<strong>on</strong>al.Organic.Program. standards. EARTH SCIENCES 374 Modeling the Climate Effects <strong>of</strong> 21 st Century Global Warming <strong>on</strong> Selected Ski Resorts in Western Canada,.MICHAEL PID- WIRNy.(Unit.2:.Biology.and.Physical.Geography,.Irving.K..Barber.School.<strong>of</strong>.Arts.and.Sciences,.<strong>University</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.British.Columbia,.Science.Building,.1177.Research.Road,.Kelowna,.British.Columbia,.Canada,.V1V.1V7;.michael.pidwirny@ubc.ca). The. Intergovernmental. Panel. <strong>on</strong>. Climate. Change. (IPCC). 149
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Proceedings of the AMericAn AssociA
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2 CONTENTS 92 nd ANNUAL MEETING of
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POLICIES Publication Publication.of
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PACIFIC DIVISION SECTIONS AND AFFIL
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ANNUAL MEETING REGISTRATION The.Reg
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at.the.top,.pass.the.turn.into.the.
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Courtesy.himself Courtesy.Vitamin.D
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Wednesday, 15 June Field Trip #4: M
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Future Meetings Pacific Division An
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GENERAL SESSIONS Sunday, 12 June 20
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Thursday, 16 June 2011 CLOSING CONV
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Monday, 13 June 2011 The Forensic S
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State.University,.San.Jose,.CA),.Pe
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Tuesday, 14 June 2011 Human Leishma
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increased.occurrences.of.large.iceb
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11:00 105 Radiocarbon Dating of a L
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2:45 129 Swiss Mummy Project: Exper
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Wednesday, 15 June 2011 Princess Ta
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Panelists: WILLIAM B.N. BERRy. (Uni
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1:45 178 Psychoneuroendocrine-osteo
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Thursday, 16 June 2011 Mexican Mumm
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-. Institute. for. Mummies. and. th
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II. WORKSHOPS Monday, 13 June 2011
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Sunday, 12 June 2011 III. CONTRIBUT
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10:00 BREAK 10:30 254 The Mummy Tis
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9:00 283 A New Honey Bee Threat - t
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Administrations and Mathematics Edu
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IV. CONTRIBUTED POSTER PRESENTATION
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( 1 Lincoln.Public.Schools.Science.
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380 Examination of Physiological an
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ABSTRACTS Abstracts are grouped by
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stakeholders.might.vary.according.t
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exposed.to.adultery,.physical.abuse
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2).D.P..Sheehan.and.D.H.E..Gross,.P
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and.reinterpret,.the.usual.concepts
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Ventura. County. environmental. and
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‘Hypertext’. is. a. broad. term
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63 Evolutionary Origin of Phlebotom
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esponsible. for. most. of. the. ver
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Yukio.Kaneda,.Lukas.Liechtenstein,.
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trophic.levels..Morphological.measu
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93 Causality is Inconsistent with Q
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Technical Studies on the Head of an
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and. these. may. be. described. as.
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has.them.try.to.do.the.field.tests.
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of. the. level. of. DNA. fragmentat
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further.support.a.role.for.minocycl
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Princess Takabuti - Analylsis, Inte
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- Page 133 and 134: CHERyL L. JORCyK*. (Department. of.
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