7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...
7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...
7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...
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compared..Additi<strong>on</strong>ally.c<strong>on</strong>trast-to-noise.and.signal-to-noise.ratios.<br />
have.resoluti<strong>on</strong>..Magnetic.res<strong>on</strong>ance.imaging.is.still.in.its.infancy.<br />
and.further.research.is.required..However,.this.study.dem<strong>on</strong>strates.<br />
that.additi<strong>on</strong>al.informati<strong>on</strong>.can.be.gained.by.using.MRI..There.is.<br />
great.potential.in.the.use.<strong>of</strong>.MRI.in.historic.specimens,.so.the.quality.can.hopefully.be.improved.in.the.future.to.increase.the.use.<strong>of</strong>.<br />
this.n<strong>on</strong>-invasive.modality.<br />
236 A Medieval Infant Burial from Quimper (Bretagne–France):<br />
An Example <strong>of</strong> Brain Preservati<strong>on</strong> in Wetland, VERONIQUE<br />
GALLIEN 1,2 *, CHRISTINA PAPAGEORGOPOULOU 3 ,<br />
RAFFAELLA BIANUCCI 4,5,6 , ANNE DIETRICH 1,7 , FRAN-<br />
COIS GUILLON 8 , KATHARINA RENTSCH 9 , MAANASA<br />
RAGHAVAN 10 , MARIA-INES HOFMANN 11 , GIOVANNI<br />
COLACICCO 11 , and FRANK J. RÜHLI 11 ( 1 INRAP,. French.<br />
Nati<strong>on</strong>al.Institute.for.Preventive.Archaeological.Research,.20.rue.<br />
Hippolyte.Foucault.F-72220.Le.Mans,.France;. 2 Biological.Anthropology,.<br />
UMR. 6130. CNRS-CEPAM,. <strong>University</strong>. <strong>of</strong>. Nice. Sophia.<br />
Antipolis,. Campus. Saint-Jean-d’Angély,. 24. avenue. des. Diables.<br />
Bleus,. F-06357. Nice. cedex. 4,. France;. 3 Zentrum. für. Evoluti<strong>on</strong>äre.<br />
Medizin,. Zürich. Irchel. -. Universität,.Winterthurerstraße. 190,.<br />
8057. Zürich,. Switzerland;. 4 Laboratory. <strong>of</strong>. Criminalistic. Sciences,.<br />
Department. <strong>of</strong>. Anatomy,. Pharmacology. and. Legal. Medicine,.<br />
<strong>University</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.Turin,.Corso.Galileo.Galilei.22,.10126.Turin,.Italy;.<br />
5 Biocultural.Anthropology.Unit,.UMR.6578.CNRS-EFS,.Faculty.<br />
<strong>of</strong>.Medicine,.Secteur.Nord,.Batiment.A-.CS80011,.<strong>University</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.<br />
Marseilles,.Boulevard.Pierre.Dramard,.F-13344.Marseille,.France; .<br />
6 Divisi<strong>on</strong>. <strong>of</strong>. Paleopathology,. History. <strong>of</strong>. Medicine. and. Bioethics,.<br />
Department.<strong>of</strong>.Oncology,.Transplants.and.Advanced.Technologies.<br />
in.Medicine,.<strong>University</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.Pisa,.Italy.;. 7 Envir<strong>on</strong>mental.Archaeology,.UMR.7041,.CNRS-ArScAn,.<strong>University</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.Nanterre,.Mais<strong>on</strong>.<br />
René.Ginouvès,.21.allée.de.l’Université,.F-92023.Nanterre,.France;.<br />
8 Medecine.and.Health,.Avicenne.Hospital,.125.Rue.de.Stalingrad,.<br />
F-93009.Bobigny.Cedex,.France;. 9 Institute.for.Clinical.Chemistry,.<br />
<strong>University</strong>. Hospital. Zürich,. Switzerland;. 10 Center. for. GeoGenetics,.Natural.History.Museum.<strong>of</strong>.Denmark,.<strong>University</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.Copenhagen,.Copenhagen,.Denmark;.<br />
11 Zentrum.für.Evoluti<strong>on</strong>äre.Medizin,.<br />
Zürich.Irchel.-.Universität,.Winterthurerstraße.190,.8057.Zürich,.<br />
Switzerland;.ver<strong>on</strong>ique.gallien@inrap.fr).<br />
During.an.excavati<strong>on</strong>.carried.out.in.1998.in.the.forecourt.<strong>of</strong>.<br />
Quimper’s. Cathedral. (Bretagne--France),. a. wooden. infant. c<strong>of</strong>fin.<br />
from.the.13 th .century.AD.was.unearthed..The.corpse.<strong>of</strong>.an.infant,.<br />
aged.18-24.m<strong>on</strong>th-old,.was.recovered..The.skull.showed.evidence.<br />
<strong>of</strong>.a.circular.fracture.involving.the.cranial.vault.without.signs.<strong>of</strong>.<br />
healing..Inside.the.skull,.an.ast<strong>on</strong>ishingly.well-preserved.cerebral.<br />
material.was.found..<br />
Macroscopic. examinati<strong>on</strong>. <strong>of</strong>. the. brain. showed. an. excellent.<br />
preservati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.its.main.structures.(sulci.and.gyri),.and.histology.<br />
showed.remarkable.morphological.details..Differentiati<strong>on</strong>.between.<br />
grey.and.white.matter.was.clear..Grey.and.white.matter.could.be.<br />
readily.recognised..Blood.vessels,.glia,.and.Nissl.bodies.as.well.as.<br />
neur<strong>on</strong>s.and.dendrites.could.be.identified..<br />
Hemosiderin.deposits.were.present.<strong>on</strong>.the.outer.surface.<strong>of</strong>.the.<br />
cortex.but.no.signals.<strong>of</strong>.a.cerebral.hemorrhage.were.identified.by.<br />
CT.scan.and.MRI..The.deposits.<strong>of</strong>.hemosiderin.may.indicate.that.<br />
the.child.had.subdural.bleeding.due.to.the.skull.fracture.but.we.have.<br />
no.evidence.to.suggest.that.this.was.the.cause.<strong>of</strong>.death..The.presence.<strong>of</strong>.hemosiderin.suggests.that.the.bleeding.occurred,.at.least,.<br />
several.days.before.the.death.<strong>of</strong>.the.infant.<br />
Here. we. provide. evidence. <strong>of</strong>. a. unique. paleo-case. <strong>of</strong>.<br />
ABSTRACTS.–.C<strong>on</strong>tributed.Oral.Papers<br />
well-preserved. cerebral. material.. Furthermore,. we. provide. new.<br />
informati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>on</strong>.the.funerary.practices.and.techniques.used.in.c<strong>of</strong>fin.<br />
c<strong>on</strong>structi<strong>on</strong>.in.Medieval.France.<br />
237 Dental Pathologies <strong>of</strong> the Iceman, ROGER SEILER 1 *,<br />
ALBERT zINK 2 , PAUL GOSTNER 3 , EDUARD EGARTER<br />
VIGL 4 , and FRANK J. RÜHLI 1 ( 1 Centre.for.Evoluti<strong>on</strong>ary.Medicine,.<br />
<strong>University</strong>. <strong>of</strong>. Zürich,. Switzerland;. 2 EURAC. -. Institute. for.<br />
Mummies.and.the.Iceman,.Bolzano,.Italy;. 3 Department.<strong>of</strong>.Radiodiagnostics,.Central.Hospital.Bolzano,.Bolzano,.Italy;.<br />
4 Department.<br />
<strong>of</strong>.Pathological.Anatomy.and.Histology,.General.Hospital.Bolzano,.<br />
Italy;.rogerseiler@bluewin.ch).<br />
Exactly.twenty.years.ago,.the.Iceman.was.discovered.in.the.<br />
Italian.Alps.and.he.has. been.recognized.as.an.important.historic.<br />
find..Since.then,.he.has.been.examined.thoroughly.both.anthropologically.and.medically..However,.oral.pathologies.were.not.found..<br />
Now,.using.the.available.CT-scans,.we.analyzed.the.viscerocranium.<br />
regi<strong>on</strong>.in.more.detail.and.were.able.to.dem<strong>on</strong>strate.several.different.<br />
pathological. changes.. In. additi<strong>on</strong>. to. the. known. pathological.<br />
changes.such.as.abrasi<strong>on</strong>s.and.the.central.upper.diastema,.we.found.<br />
evidence.<strong>of</strong>.damage.to.the.dentiti<strong>on</strong>..Especially.the.molars.<strong>of</strong>.the.<br />
upper.jaw.showed.loss.<strong>of</strong>.alveolar.b<strong>on</strong>e.as.a.sign.<strong>of</strong>.period<strong>on</strong>titis..<br />
Evidence.<strong>of</strong>.mechanical.trauma.was.found.<strong>on</strong>.two.teeth..A.surprising.find.was.the.high.frequency.<strong>of</strong>.caries..This.finding.may.indicate.<br />
a.diet.change.in.the.Neolithic.transiti<strong>on</strong>.phase;.however,.this.should.<br />
be.interpreted.with.cauti<strong>on</strong>.<br />
238 Evidence Based Paleopathology: Meta-analysis <strong>of</strong> PubMedlisted<br />
Scientific <strong>Studies</strong> <strong>on</strong> Pre-Columbian, South American Mummies,.KATI<br />
DAGEFOERDE and FRANK J. RÜHLI*.(Centre.<br />
for. Evoluti<strong>on</strong>ary. Medicine,. <strong>University</strong>. <strong>of</strong>. Zürich,. Switzerland;.<br />
kati@dagefoerd.com).<br />
The.aim.<strong>of</strong>.our.study.was.to.review.all.Pubmed®-listed.scientific.studies.performed.<strong>on</strong>.Pre-Columbian.South.American.Mummies..A.total.<strong>of</strong>.69.studies.have.been.found.(1975-2005)..Reviewed.criteria.include.e.g..method.<strong>of</strong>.examinati<strong>on</strong>,.mummificati<strong>on</strong>.(sp<strong>on</strong>taneous.or.by.intenti<strong>on</strong>),.paleopathological.diagnoses.and.individual.age.<strong>of</strong>.mummies.as.well.as.historical.age,.which.ranges.from.9000.–.500.years.BP,.mostly.(if.reported).from.the.Chiribaya.culture..The.<br />
average. age. <strong>of</strong>. 33. individually. reported. mummies. was.<br />
ca..20.years..Only.seven.studies.included.computed.tomography,.<br />
thirteen. studies. used. classical. X-ray. as. the. examinati<strong>on</strong>. method..<br />
Nine. studies. analysed. parasitological. related. diseases,. especially.<br />
Trypanosoma cruzi..Am<strong>on</strong>g.all.reported.infectious.diseases.(N=11),.<br />
there. are. five. studies. presenting. cases. <strong>of</strong>. Tuberculosis.. We. also.<br />
compared.our.results.inter-culturally:.In.69.studies.(21.case.reports.<br />
and.48.epidemiological.studies).about.6537.mummified.individuals.<br />
were.analysed..In.c<strong>on</strong>trast,.meta-analytic.data.for.Ancient.Egyptian.<br />
mummies.(Zweifel.et.al..2006).showed.about.3000.analysed.individuals.<br />
in. 131. studies. (85. case. reports. and. 46. epidemiological)..<br />
Ancient.Egyptian.mummies.were.shown.to.be.intenti<strong>on</strong>ally.mummified.overall,.whereas.the.given.Pre-Columbian.mummies.show.<br />
a.great.variety.in.terms.<strong>of</strong>.sp<strong>on</strong>taneous.mummificati<strong>on</strong>..However,.<br />
ritualistic.mummificati<strong>on</strong>.methods.were.practiced.also.(N=2)..All.<br />
this.shall.help.to.improve.evidence-based.research.in.paleopathology.in.general.<br />
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