7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...

that.tree-growth.fluctuated.between.each.200-year.time.period,.with.
the.greatest.growth.occurring.during.the.“Post-Industrial.Warming”.
period. (1800-2000. C.E.).. The. results. also. show. that. high. elevation.tree.growth.correlated.well.with.low.elevation.growth.during.
the. “Post-Industrial. Warming”,. but. high. and. low. elevation. tree.
growth.did.not.correlate.during.the.“Little.Ice.Age”..This.shows.
that.growth.conditions.were.similar.at.high.and.low.elevations.during.the.“Post-Industrial.Warming”.and.different.during.the.“Little.
Ice.Age”,.which.reflects.the.climatic.inconsistencies.between.these.
two.periods.
378 The Bioclastic Composition of Carbonate Sediments in Hurricane
Hole and other Coral Reef Environments, St. John, USVI,
CASEy CHAPMAN* and SARAH GRAy (Department. of.
Marine. Science. and. Environmental. Studies,. University. of. San.
Diego,. 5998. Alcala. Park,. San. Diego,. CA. 92110;. caseych-10@
sandiego.edu)..
Tropical.corals.tend.to.grow.in.clear.waters.with.minimal.suspended.sediments,.however.in.Hurricane.Hole,.a.bay.located.on.St..
John,.USVI,.a.coral.community.has.managed.to.flourish.at.the.head.
of.the.bay’s.mangrove.habitat..Few.studies.have.been.conducted.
in.this.bay.and.little.is.known.about.the.coral’s.health.and.method.
of.survival..My.research.focused.on.the.carbonate.portion.of.the.
bays’. bottom. sediment.. The. main. goals. of. my. research. were. to.
identify.the.composition.of.carbonate.sediment.in.Hurricane.Hole,.
determine.how.the.composition.varies.with.distance.from.the.shore,.
and. to. compare. the. carbonate. composition. of. Hurricane. Hole. to.
other.established.coral.reef.environments.around.St..John..Bottom.
samples.were.collected.in.Hurricane.Hole.and.wet.sieved.into.size.
fractions.>500µ.and.250-500µ,.then.identified.and.point.counted.
up.to.300.grains..In.the.>500µ.size.fraction,.the.primary.sources.
of.grain.production.were.echinoderms.and.Halimeda;.no.coral.was.
found..In.the.250-500µ.size.fraction.however,.coral.was.found.to.be.
one.of.the.main.bioclasts,.along.with.echinoderms.and.Halimeda..
The.fact.that.the.corals.in.this.bay.are.contributing.to.smaller.size.
fractions.of.sediment.may.indicate.the.health.and.productivity.of.
the.community..This.information.is.important.in.gaining.an.overall.
understanding.of.this.unique.coral.habitat..
ECOLOGY, ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
379 Scrubbing the Air: Reducing Carbon Dioxide Levels with.Frageria.californica,.Galvezia.speciosa,.Heteromeles.argutifolia,.and.
Salvia.clevelandii,.CAROLINE FROST.(Chaminade.College.Preparatory.School,.Los.Angeles,.CA.and.Loyola.Marymount.University,.Los.Angeles,.CA;.Frost_Owen@yahoo.com).
The.purpose.of.this.study.is.to.explore.the.impact.on.a.plant’s.
photosynthetic.rate.as.atmospheric.CO 2 .concentrations.are.increased..
I.used.the.following.four.plants,.native.to.Southern.California:.frageria.
californica,. galvezia. speciosa,. heteromeles. argutifolia,. and.
salvia.clevelandii..My.hypothesis.was.that.there.would.be.an.initial.
increase.in.rate,.but.that.as.CO 2. increased,.the.stomata.would.start.to.
shut.the.leaf.down..To.test.my.hypothesis,.I.used.a.LI-COR.6400XT.
Portable. Photosynthesis. System,. in. the. lab. of. Dr.. Phillipa. Drennan.
at. Loyola-Marymount. University..The. LI-COR. machine. uses.
gas.exchange.principals.in.a.sealed.leaf.chamber.to.determine.the.
amount.of.CO 2 .consumed.in.the.photosynthetic.process..Five.plant.
specimens.of.each.species.were.tested.and.the.results.averaged.to.
ABSTRACTS.–.Contributed.Posters
limit.the.influence.of.experimental.error..Independent.variables.such.
as.atmospheric.pressure,.illumination.level.and.lab.air.temperature.
were.limited.by.calibrating.the.LI-COR.machine.before.each.test..In.
addition,.for.each.concentration.level.of.CO 2 ,.the.leaf.chamber.was.
allowed. to. reach. a. steady. state. before. measurements. were. taken..
The.study.analyzed.the.photosynthetic.rate.and.the.efficiency.of.that.
photosynthetic.rate.for.CO 2 .atmospheric.concentrations.of.250.ppm,.
400.ppm.550.ppm.and.700.ppm..The.result.of.the.study.showed.at.an.
illumination.of.1500.uMoles.flux,.salvia.clevelandii.had.an.increase.
in. photosynthetic. rate. and. efficiency. for. all. concentration. levels..
Frageria.californica,.and.galvezia.speciosa.demonstrated.increased.
inefficiency.demonstrating.that.the.biochemical.machinery.cannot.
make.use.of.the.available.CO 2 .
380 Examination of Physiological and Behavioral Effects on White
Seabass Atractoscion. nobilis. in a Closed Recirculating System,
SAMUEL M. HOLLEy. (Huntington. Beach. High. School,. 1905.
Main.Street,.Huntington.Beach,.California,.92648.USA;.samuelmholley@gmail.com)..
Over.the.past.25.years.the.white.seabass,.Atractoscion nobilis,.
has.been.propagated.in.open.seawater.systems.as.a.means.to.sustain.
population.of.the.commercially.important.fish..This.study.examines.
the. feasibility. of,. and. baseline. parameters. necessary. for,. growing.
white.seabass.in.a.closed.recirculating.system..Juvenile.white.seabass.
were.obtained.from.Hubbs-Seaworld.Research.Institute.and.held.for.
90.days.in.aquaria.containing.artificially.mixed.saltwater..Water.flow,.
water.chemistry.system.design,.light.conditions,.seawater.composition,.behavior,.feeding.rate,.growth.rate,.stocking.density,.and.animal.stresses.were.documented..The.fish.were.held.at.an.average.temperature.of.19.0.°C..Other.than.water.chemistry.and.lighting,.the.conditions.and.behaviors.for.the.fish.were.very.similar.to.that.of.the.open.water.systems..Throughout.the.study,.the.main.discrepancies.occurring.in.an.artificial.environment.rather.than.in.a.natural.one.were.periods.of.high.nitrate.and.nitrite.levels,.fish.eating.behavior,.and.color.
changes.in.the.fish.based.on.lighting.At.the.end.of.the.90.day.trial.
period,.91%.of.22.fish.survived..Loss.of.only.9%.of.the.animals.is.
well.within.the.acceptable.losses.that.occur.in.white.seabass.cultured.
in.open.water.systems..While.this.study.documents.the.feasibility.and.
baseline.parameters.necessary.for.the.propagation.of.white.seabass,.
additional.experimentation.is.need.to.optimize.fish.growth.
ANTHROPOLOGY and ARCHAEOLOGY
381 Analysis of Hair Attributed to an Unidentified Species of Primate,
KyLE GRAGG, JEFF MELDRUM*, and HENNER
FAHRENBACH (Department.of.Biological.Sciences,.Idaho.State.
University,.921.S..8th.Ave,.Pocatello,.ID.83209;.meldd@isu.edu).
Multiple.samples.of.hair.of.unknown.source.collected.independently.from.forested.habitats.throughout.western.North.America.were.characterized.and.contrasted.with.samples.of.human.and.
non-human.primates,.as.well.as.various.wildlife.species.common.
to. the. region.. Under. light. microscopy. the. samples. exhibit. many.
distinct. but. remarkably. consistent. characteristics.. The. samples.
range.in.color.from.dark.reddish.black.to.blonde,.resulting.from.
varying.proportions.of.eumelanin.and.pheomelanin.pigment.granuals;.wavy.to.slightly.curly.in.parts;.mean.diameter.of.65μm.(range.
58-73.μm);.cross-section.round.to.slightly.flattened.entire.length;.
non-medullated,.or.minimal.fragmentary.medulla;.cuticle.an.irregularly.waved.mosaic;.scale.distance.intermediate;.margins.smooth.
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