7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...

affecting.both.forearms.and.lower.legs..Long.bone.measurements,.
stature. assessment. and. CT. scan. were. carried. out. to. assess. the.
degree.of.micromelia.and.possibly.dwarfism.
Atomic.force.microscopy.imaging.and.histology.were.used.to.
assess.the.degree.of.preservation..The.radiological.findings.were.
consistent.with.Léri-Weill.dyschondrosteosis.(DSC),.a.dominantly.
inherited.dysplasia.marked.by.short.stature.with.mesomelic.shortening.
of. middle. segments. of. the. forearms. and. lower. legs.. Only.
three.cases.of.probably.or.indicative.DSC.have.been.described.so.
far.in.pre-modern.societies..This.is.the.first.case.of.DSC.syndrome.
recognized.in.a.2 nd .century.bog.body.from.The.Netherlands..
Atomic.force.microscopy.imaging.(AFM).of.the.skin.showed.
evidence. of. a. moderate. decomposition. of. type. I. collagen. fibrils..
A.good.state.of.preservation.of.bones.and.abdominal.organs.was.
shown.histologically.
The.eggs.of.the.lancet.liver.fluke.Dicrocoelium dendriticum.
were. found. embedded. in. the. liver. parenchima.. Dicrocoeliasis.
is.contracted.by.the.oral.uptake.of.infected.ants.attached.to.vegetables..This.infection.is.quite.rare.in.humans.and.has.never.been.
described.in.a.bog.body..
Whether. Zweeloo. woman. was. intentionally. killed. or. died. a.
natural.death.remains.unclear.
222 Mummies in Private Collections: Aspects of Law, Ethics, and
Heritage, HEATHER GILL-FRERKING 1 * and CHRISTO-
PHER FRERKING 2 ( 1 German.Mummy.Project,.Reiss-Engelhorn.
Museums,. Mannheim,. Germany;. 2 Attorney-at-Law. and. Independent.
Scholar,. Mannheim,. Germany;. heather.gill-robinson@
mannheim.de).
Most. mummy. research. is. conducted. with. mummies. from.
archaeological. sites. or. museum. and. institutional. collections.. In.
some.cases,.however,.mummies.may.be.held.in.private.collections.
and.“owned”.by.individuals..Many.of.these.collections.are.clandestine,.
while. others. are. known. publicly.. Numerous. questions. arise.
about.mummies.held.in.private.collections..Aside.from.the.obvious.
questions.related.to.the.authentic.provenience.of.the.specimen.and.
the.manner.in.which.the.specimen.was.acquired,.researchers.who.
have.the.opportunity.to.work.with.mummies.from.private.collections.must.consider.other.issues..For.example,.what.is.the.specific.
right.of.access.to.the.mummy,.and.who.owns.any.data.collected.
during.the.course.of.research.projects?.Are.limitations.placed.on.the.
types.of.investigations.that.can.be.conducted,.or.on.which.results.
can.be.published.or.otherwise.publicly.released?.Is.it.acceptable.for.
researchers.to.work.with.mummies.held.in.private.collections,.and.
what.are.the.challenges,.both.ethical.and.legal?.These.are.just.a.few.
issues.that.face.mummy.researchers.who.work.with.mummies.from.
private.collections.
This.paper.will.explore.some.of.the.aspects.of.law.and.ethics.
related.to.human.mummies.held.in.private.collections.and.consider.
the.impact.of.such.collections.on.national.and.international.heritage,.archaeology,.and.mummy.studies.as.a.discipline.
A Multidisciplinary Collaboration for Tissue
Analyses: The Case of Kwäday Dän Ts’ìnchi
Thursday, starting at 3:30 p.m. in KIPJ Theatre
223 The Value of Morphological Observations of Soft Tissues of
Frozen Ancient Corpses, MARíA VICTORIA MONSALVE 1 ,
ABSTRACTS.–.Symposia
ELAINE HUMPHREy 2 , and DAVID WALKER 1 * ( 1 Department.
of. Pathology. and. Laboratory. Medicine,. University. of. British.
Columbia,. 2350. Health. Sciences. Mall,. Vancouver,. BC. V6T.
1Z3;. 2 Department.of.Mechanical.Engineering,.University.of.Victoria,.PO.Box.3055,.STN.CSC,.Victoria,.BC,.Canada,.V8W.3P6;.
dwalker@hli.ubc.ca).
We.will.consider.three.sets.of.observations.we.made.from.the.
frozen.corpse.of.Kwäday Dän Ts’ìnchi..The.body.was.found.in.a.
Northwest.British.Columbian.glacier.in.1999.and.was.dated.to.be.
approximately.500.years.old..First.we.will.show.the.extent.to.which.
hard.and.soft.tissues.were.preserved.in.the.frozen.corpse..Second.
we.will.consider.the.apparent.types.of.microorganisms.seen.in.various.tissues.and.comment.on.possible.health.consequences..Finally.
we.will.show.how.the.presence.of.pulmonary.anthrocosis.assisted.
in.differentiating.between.lung.parenchyma.and.non-parenchymatous.tissues.from.his.frozen,.compressed.lungs.
As.expected.the.integrity.of.hard.tissues.like.bone.were.well.
preserved..We.found.unexpectedly.well.preserved.subcellular.detail.
in.soft.tissues.in.organs.of.the.corpse.that.had.apparently.remained.
frozen. since. death.. Ultrastructurally,. we. could. identify. bacteria.
and.possibly.fungi.in.soft.tissues.such.as.heart,.lung.and.skeletal.
muscle..In.the.compressed.lung.of.Kwäday Dän Ts’ìnchi.we.saw.
that.anthracosis.that.usually.occurs.around.conducting.airways.was.
present.in.tissues.we.believed.to.not.be.compressed.parenchyma.
and.absent.from.what.we.believed.to.be.parenchyma.
In.summary.we.suggest.that.in.ancient.frozen.corpses.one.may.
find.and.identify.important.tissue.types.and.pathogens.in.regions.of.
soft.tissues.that.apparently.have.not.been.exposed.since.the.time.of.
death.but.remained.in.ice.or.within.body.cavities..All.of.this.suggests.that.one.can.do.more.in.terms.of.assessing.the.possible.state.of.
well.being.of.such.an.individual.than.previously.imagined.
224 FTIR Spectromicroscopy Investigations of Preserved Tissue
from Kwäday Dän Ts’ínchi, LUCA QUARONI 1 *, COLLEEN
CHRISTENSEN 2 , and MARíA VICTORIA MONSALVE 3
( 1 Swiss.Light.Source,.WSLA/118.Paul.Scherrer.Institut;.CH.5232.
VILLIGEN-PSI,.Switzerland;. 2 Department.of.Agriculture.and.Bioresources,.University.of.Saskatchewan,.51.Campus.Drive,.Saskatoon,.SK,.Canada,.S7N.5A8;.
3 Department.of.Pathology.and.Laboratory.Medicine,.University.of.British.Columbia,.2350.Health.Sciences.Mall,.Vancouver,.BC,.V5K.2Z7;.luca.quaroni@psi.ch).
Fourier. Transform. Infrared. (FTIR). spectroscopy. is. a. useful.
technique.for.the.compositional.analysis.of.tissues..Absorption.of.
radiation.in.the.mid-infrared.spectral.region.provides.rich.information.on.the.molecular.properties.of.the.sample,.in.particular.regarding.composition..
To. gain. insight. into. postmortem. degradation. in. glacier-preserved.corpses,.we.analyzed.tissue.from.the.Kwäday
Dän Ts’ìnchi.
remains.using.synchrotron.based.FTIR.spectromicroscopy..Previously,.
we. analysed. biceps. muscle. tissue.. We. are. now. following.
up.on.past.work.by.analysing.trapezium.muscle.tissue.of.Kwäday
Dän Ts’ìnchi. and. an. unbalmed. cadaver.. In. many. portions. of. the.
biopsies.subject.to.analysis,.Kwäday Dän Ts’ìnchi.remains.display.
mid.infrared.absorption.spectra.that.are.similar.to.those.of.modern.
day.tissue,.with.only.limited.evidence.of.degradation..In.particular,.
retention. of. alpha-helical. secondary. structures. appears. common.
throughout. the. sample,. suggesting. several. muscle. proteins. have.
been.preserved,.partially.or.entirely..In.contrast,.the.ester.carbonyl.
group.of.phospholipids.appears.to.be.hydrolyzed.throughout.large.
portions.of.the.sample..This.is.in.agreement.with.previous.work.
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