7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...
7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...
7th World Congress on Mummy Studies University of San Diego San ...
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ABSTRACTS.–.C<strong>on</strong>tributed.Oral.Papers<br />
The. Brazilian. collecti<strong>on</strong>. <strong>of</strong>.Ancient. Egyptian. objects. comes.<br />
from.Thebes,.being.<strong>on</strong>e.<strong>of</strong>.the.most.remarkable.pieces.the.sealed.<br />
c<strong>of</strong>fin.<strong>of</strong>.Sha-Amun-em-su,.a.middle.aged.woman.described.as.a.<br />
former.singer.<strong>of</strong>.Amun’s.temple.at.Thebes..The.c<strong>of</strong>fin.was.given.<br />
to. the. Brazilian. Emperor. Pedro. II. by. the. Khedive. <strong>of</strong>. Egypt. in.<br />
the. 19th. century.. Details. about. the. mummy. inside. the. c<strong>of</strong>fin. are.<br />
in. the. hieroglyphic. c<strong>of</strong>fin. decorati<strong>on</strong>.. A. CT. scanning. provided.<br />
detailed.informati<strong>on</strong>.about.the.c<strong>of</strong>fin’s.preservati<strong>on</strong>,.the.mummy,.<br />
the.objects.inside.it.and.also.the.mummificati<strong>on</strong>.techniques..The.<br />
special.preparati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.the.body.included.putting.a.package.in.the.<br />
neck’s.anterior.porti<strong>on</strong>,.a.specific.hairdressing.style,.a.package.<strong>of</strong>.<br />
amulets.and.a.heart.scarab,.am<strong>on</strong>g.others..Comparing.this.mummy.<br />
with.Meresamun,.another.singer.<strong>of</strong>.Amun.found.in.Thebes,.today.<br />
in.exhibiti<strong>on</strong>.at.the.Oriental.Institute.in.Chicago,.show.they.shared.<br />
some.similarities.<strong>on</strong>.the.methods.<strong>of</strong>.mummificati<strong>on</strong>,.indicating.a.<br />
style.<strong>of</strong>.mummificati<strong>on</strong>.used.in.Thebes.during.the.Third.Intermediate.Period,.about.747.BC..The.gender.could.be.proved.based.<strong>on</strong>.<br />
skull.and.pelvic.features.and.the.age.<strong>on</strong>.partial.closure.<strong>of</strong>.the.skull.<br />
sutures,. dental. decay. and. backb<strong>on</strong>e. arthrosis..A. large. nose,. dolicocephaly,.prognathism.and.narrow.face.fit.well.with.her.African.<br />
ancestry.. Dental. decay. and. other. characteristics. became. evident.<br />
from.the.CT.frames.and.3D.rec<strong>on</strong>structi<strong>on</strong>s,.being.c<strong>on</strong>sistent.with.<br />
the.pers<strong>on</strong>.described.in.the.c<strong>of</strong>fin..The.fact.that.the.c<strong>of</strong>fin.had.never.<br />
been.opened,.even.after.more.than.120.years.in.exhibiti<strong>on</strong>,.helps.to.<br />
c<strong>on</strong>firm.the.mummy’s.identity,.providing.additi<strong>on</strong>al.informati<strong>on</strong>.to.<br />
the.curators.in.charge.<strong>of</strong>.Egyptian.exhibit.improvements.<br />
248 The Lost Mummies <strong>of</strong> Lower Nubia, JENEFER A. COCK-<br />
ITT*, RyAN J. METCALFE, and A.R. DAVID (KNH.Centre.for.<br />
Biomedical.Egyptology,.3.507A.Stopford.Building,.<strong>University</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.<br />
Manchester,.Oxford.Rd,.Manchester,.UK,.M13.9PL;.jenefer.cockitt@manchester.ac.uk).<br />
In.1907,.Sir.Graft<strong>on</strong>.Elliot.Smith.began.the.study.and.autopsy.<br />
<strong>of</strong>.a.large.collecti<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.artificially.mummified.bodies.found.in.the.<br />
course. <strong>of</strong>. the. first.Archaeological. Survey. <strong>of</strong>. Nubia..These. mummies,.<br />
perhaps. the. largest. series. ever. found. in. Nubia,. dem<strong>on</strong>strated.<br />
clear. evidence. <strong>of</strong>. Egyptian. style. mummificati<strong>on</strong>,. together.<br />
with.some.more.novel.adaptati<strong>on</strong>s.that.appear.specific.to.the.area..<br />
Despite. the. importance. <strong>of</strong>. this. collecti<strong>on</strong>. for. examining. both. the.<br />
evoluti<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.burial.ritual.in.the.regi<strong>on</strong>.and.the.transmissi<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.ideas.<br />
between.Nubia.and.Egypt,.the.mummies.are.now.all.but.forgotten..<br />
There.are.now.few.known.surviving.examples.<strong>of</strong>.these.bodies.due.<br />
to.problems.with.recording.during.the.early.1900s.and.the.loss.<strong>of</strong>.<br />
several. <strong>of</strong>. the. most. outstanding. examples. in. the. bombing. <strong>of</strong>. the.<br />
Royal.College.<strong>of</strong>.Surge<strong>on</strong>s,.L<strong>on</strong>d<strong>on</strong>,.during.the.1940s..Those.that.<br />
do.survive.remain.in.relative.obscurity.<br />
Here,.the.evidence.provided.by.the.surviving.mummies.and.<br />
the.available.archival.material.will.be.used.to.review.the.practise.<br />
<strong>of</strong>.artificial.mummificati<strong>on</strong>.in.Lower.Nubia..Dated.by.George.Reisner.to.the.Ptolemaic-Roman.period,.these.mummies.<strong>of</strong>fer.a.unique.opportunity.to.study.an.almost.entirely.unknown.area.<strong>of</strong>.mummificati<strong>on</strong>,.developing.at.a.time.when.mummificati<strong>on</strong>.in.Egypt.itself.<br />
was.<strong>on</strong>.the.decline.<br />
249 Feathered Cape, Camelid Fiber, and Cordage – Peruvian<br />
Mummies in Oslo, GWyN MADDEN 1 , JORDAN KARSTEN 2 *,<br />
and ROSE DREW 3 ( 1 Grand.Valley.State.<strong>University</strong>,.Department.<br />
<strong>of</strong>. Anthropology,. 1. Campus. Drive,. Allendale,. MI. 49401;. 2 State.<br />
<strong>University</strong>. <strong>of</strong>. New. York,. Albany,. Department. <strong>of</strong>. Anthropology,.<br />
1400. Washingt<strong>on</strong>.Ave,.Albany,. NY,. 12222;. 3 <strong>University</strong>. <strong>of</strong>. York,.<br />
118<br />
Heslingt<strong>on</strong>,.York,.YO10.5DD.UK;.maddeng@gvsu.edu)..<br />
No. records. are. available. describing. the. acquisiti<strong>on</strong>. <strong>of</strong>. the.<br />
remains. or. their. culture. history.. Visual. observati<strong>on</strong>,. radiography,.<br />
and.CT.scans.were.used.to.examine.the.remains..The.three.males.<br />
and. <strong>on</strong>e. female. present. varying. quantities. <strong>of</strong>. material. remains,.<br />
including.remnants.<strong>of</strong>.a.feathered.cape,.headdresses,.camelid.wrappings,.<br />
and. thick. cordage.. Material. remains,. the. mummies,. and.<br />
radiocarb<strong>on</strong>.dates.suggest.affinity.with.the.Nazca/Paracas.<strong>of</strong>.Peru.<br />
250 The Meaning <strong>of</strong> Mummificati<strong>on</strong> am<strong>on</strong>g the Anga <strong>of</strong> the Aseki<br />
Regi<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> Papua New Guinea: A Traditi<strong>on</strong> in Transiti<strong>on</strong>, ANDREW<br />
J. NELSON 1 and RONALD G. BECKETT 2 *.( 1 The.<strong>University</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.<br />
Western.Ontario;. 2 Bioanthropology.Research.Institute,.Quinnipiac.<br />
<strong>University</strong>,.Hamden,.C<strong>on</strong>necticut;.c/o.16010.South.11 th .Place.#31,.<br />
Phoenix,.Ariz<strong>on</strong>a.85048;.r<strong>on</strong>ald.beckett@quinnipiac.edu).<br />
The.Anga.are.the.<strong>on</strong>ly.existing.society.in.which.Smoke.Body.<br />
mummificati<strong>on</strong>.was.routinely.practiced.within.living.memory..As.<br />
such.it.provides.an.important.opportunity.to.explore.this.practice.<br />
using.ethnographic.methods..Several.studies.have.previously.been.<br />
c<strong>on</strong>ducted.<strong>on</strong>.this.group,.and.a.stereotypic.understanding.<strong>of</strong>.Anga.<br />
mummificati<strong>on</strong>.has.emerged..However,.our.recent.fieldwork.dem<strong>on</strong>strates.that.there.is.c<strong>on</strong>siderable.variability.within.this.culture,.both.across.the.entire.Anga.regi<strong>on</strong>.and.within.local.areas..Furthermore,.the.Anga’s.percepti<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.the.practice.is.changing.dem<strong>on</strong>strating.the.c<strong>on</strong>tinued.impact.<strong>of</strong>.missi<strong>on</strong>ary.efforts.as.well.as.the.effects.<br />
<strong>of</strong>.globalizati<strong>on</strong>.as.it.c<strong>on</strong>tinues.to.encroach.<strong>on</strong>.the.Anga.and.their.<br />
cultural. traditi<strong>on</strong>s.. These. results. have. important. implicati<strong>on</strong>s. for.<br />
other.studies.<strong>of</strong>.mummificati<strong>on</strong>.practices.which.seek.to.make.generalizati<strong>on</strong>s.across.space.and.time.<br />
251 Scientific Explorati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> the Smoked Body Mummificati<strong>on</strong><br />
Practice <strong>of</strong> the Anga <strong>of</strong> Koke Village, Papua New Guinea,.RON-<br />
ALD G. BECKETT 1 * and ANDREW J. NELSON 2 .( 1 Bioanthropology.<br />
Research. Institute,. Quinnipiac. <strong>University</strong>,. Hamden,. C<strong>on</strong>necticut;.<br />
2 The. <strong>University</strong>. <strong>of</strong>. Western. Ontario;. r<strong>on</strong>ald.beckett@<br />
quinnipiac.edu).<br />
Smoked.body.mummificati<strong>on</strong>.has.been.practiced.by.various.<br />
cultural. groups. in. Papua. New. Guinea. for. many. years. and. was.<br />
reported.in.the.earliest.ethnographic.informati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.the.regi<strong>on</strong>..This.<br />
study.reports.<strong>on</strong>.the.c<strong>on</strong>tinued.scientific.study.<strong>of</strong>.the.Anga.mummificati<strong>on</strong>.practice.in.Koke.village.in.the.Aseki.regi<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.the.fringe.<br />
<strong>of</strong>.the.Eastern.Highlands,.Morobe.Province,.Papua.New.Guinea..<br />
This.research.adds.to.the.knowledge.gained.in.a.2008.expediti<strong>on</strong>.<br />
where.much.<strong>of</strong>.the.smoked.body.process.was.studied..In.the.current.<br />
2010.study,.we.examined.the.nature.<strong>of</strong>.the.mummificati<strong>on</strong>.process.<br />
through.examinati<strong>on</strong>.and.characterizati<strong>on</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.the.microclimate.created.within.the.smoking.hut,.the.smoke.and.related.materials.used.<br />
in. the. process..Additi<strong>on</strong>ally,. we. gained. knowledge. <strong>of</strong>. procedural.<br />
steps.<strong>of</strong>.the.Smoked.Body.process.not.observed.in.the.2008.study.<br />
252 The Warrior Ways <strong>of</strong> the Anga, Trauma and Artifact Analysis,<br />
ANDREW J. NELSON 1 and RONALD G. BECKETT 2 *.<br />
( 1 Department.<strong>of</strong>.Anthropology,.The.<strong>University</strong>.<strong>of</strong>.Western.Ontario,.<br />
L<strong>on</strong>d<strong>on</strong>,.ON,.Canada,.N6A.5C2;. 2 Bioanthropology.Research.Institute,.Quinnipiac.<strong>University</strong>,.Hamden,.C<strong>on</strong>necticut,.c/o.16010.South.<br />
11 th .Place.#31,.Phoenix,.Ariz<strong>on</strong>a.85048;.r<strong>on</strong>ald.beckett@quinnipiac.edu).<br />
Early. ethnographic. reports. describe. the. Anga. as. a. cultural.<br />
group.wrought.with.intertribal.wars.<strong>of</strong>ten.brought.<strong>on</strong>.by.territorial.<br />
disputes..The.decrease.in.warring.practices.am<strong>on</strong>g.the.Anga.can.be.
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