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424 Chapter 7 Conformal Mappings y ∇ φ = 0 2 –1 1 φ = 0 φ = x φ = 0 Figure 7.38 Figure for Example 2 x The integral formula in (10) is called the Poisson integral formula for the upper half-plane y>0, and it gives a solution φ(x, y) of the Dirichlet problem in (8). The Poisson integral formula can also be used to solve a more general type of Dirichlet problem in which the boundary conditions are specified by anypiecewise continuous and bounded function. This is the content of the following theorem. Theorem 7.6 Poisson Integral Formula for the Half-Plane Let f(x) be a piecewise continuous and bounded function on −∞
7.4 Poisson Integral Formulas 425 With the substitutions s = x − t and ds = −dt this integral becomes φ(x, y) =− y � x−1 π x+1 x − s s2 � x−1 y ds = − + y2 π x+1 From elementarycalculus we have that and Therefore, � � x s2 � x−1 y ds + + y2 π x+1 x s2 x ds = + y2 y tan−1 � � s + C1 y � 2 2 s + y � + C2. s s2 1 ds = + y2 2 loge s s2 ds. + y2 φ(x, y) =− x π tan−1 � ��s=x−1 s �� + y s=x+1 y 2π log � 2 2 e s + y ��s=x−1 � � s=x+1 = x � tan π −1 � � x +1 − tan y −1 � �� x − 1 + y y 2π log � 2 2 (x − 1) + y e (x +1) 2 + y2 � is a solution of the Dirichlet problem. Formula for the Unit Disk A Poisson integral formula for the unit disk can be derived in a similar manner. This gives an integral formula for a solution of a Dirichlet problem in the open unit disk |z| < 1 subject to certain types of boundary conditions. The following theorem gives the precise statement of this result. Theorem 7.7 Poisson Integral Formula for the Unit Disk Let f(z) be a complex function for which the values f � e iθ� on the unit circle z = e iθ give a piecewise continuous and bounded function for −π ≤ θ ≤ π. Then the function defined by φ(x, y) = 1 � π 2π −π f � e it� 1 −|z| 2 |eit 2 dt (12) − z| is a solution of the Dirichlet problem in the open unit disk |z| < 1 with boundarycondition φ(cos θ, sin θ) =f � e iθ� at all points of continuityof f. As with Theorem 7.5, the integral given in (12) can seldom be expressed in terms of elementaryfunctions. When we cannot evaluate the integral, we appeal to numerical methods to approximate values of a solution given by (12).
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A First Course in Complex Analysis
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For Dana, Kasey, and Cody
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vi Contents Chapter 4. Elementary F
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Preface 7.2 Preface Philosophy This
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Preface xi to, but not formally cov
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3π 2π π 0 -π -2π -3π -1 0 1 -
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1.1 Complex Numbers and Their Prope
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y z 2 z 2 - z 1 or (x 2 - x 1 , y 2
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1.2 Complex Plane 13 From (8) with
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1.2 Complex Plane 15 30. Find an up
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O y θ x = r cos θ (r, θ) or (x,
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1.3 Polar Form of Complex Numbers 1
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1.3 Polar Form of Complex Numbers 2
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1.4 Powers and Roots 23 arg(z) =π/
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√ 4 = 2 and 3 √ 27 = 3 are the
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1.4 Powers and Roots 27 16. Rework
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z 0 ρ ρ |z - z 0 |= Figure 1.15 C
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y Interior Exterior Boundary Figure
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1.5 Sets of Points in the Complex P
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1.5 Sets of Points in the Complex P
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Note: The roots z1 and z2 are conju
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1.6 Applications 39 c = 0.The latte
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1.6 Applications 41 Electrical engi
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1.6 Applications 43 In Problems 25
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Chapter 1 Review Quiz 45 Here the s
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Chapter 1 Review Quiz 47 27. The pr
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3i 2i i S 1 2 3 Image of a square u
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2.1 Complex Functions 51 interchang
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2.1 Complex Functions 53 Definition
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2.1 Complex Functions 55 respective
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2.1 Complex Functions 57 Focus on C
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2.2 Complex Functions as Mappings 5
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-4 -4 -3 C 2 3 4 (a) The vertical l
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4 2 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 -2 -4 v Figure 2
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3i 2i i S z 1 2 3 S′ T(z) Figure
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ar Figure 2.12 Magnification C C′
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Note: The order in which you perfor
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2.3 Linear Mappings 75 triangle S4
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2.3 Linear Mappings 77 In Problems
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2.3 Linear Mappings 79 36. (a) Give
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2θ r θ r 2 Figure 2.17 The mappin
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-3 y 3 2 1 -2 -1 1 2 3 -1 -2 -3 (a)
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y 2 1.5 1 0.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 -0.5
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Note ☞ 2.4 Special Power Function
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Solve the equation z = f(w) for w t
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Remember: Arg(z) is in the interval
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S y (a) A circular sector 3π/8 v 3
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B y y A w = z 2 x (a) A maps onto A
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3π 2π π 0 -π -2π -3π -1 0 1 -
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2.4 Special Power Functions 99 43.
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z c(z) Figure 2.41 Complex conjugat
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w = 1/z Figure 2.43 The reciprocal
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2.5 Reciprocal Function 105 of the
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2.5 Reciprocal Function 107 underst
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2.5 Reciprocal Function 109 24. Acc
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L y y = L + ε y = L - ε y = f(x)
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2.6 Limits and Continuity 113 Crite
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2.6 Limits and Continuity 115 Befor
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2.6 Limits and Continuity 117 Theor
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2.6 Limits and Continuity 119 See (
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-1 y z = e iθ Figure 2.54 Figure f
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2.6 Limits and Continuity 123 It th
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2.6 Limits and Continuity 125 While
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y Values of arg decreasing Values o
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2.6 Limits and Continuity 129 In Pr
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2.6 Limits and Continuity 131 In Pr
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-4 -4 -3 -2 (-2, -1) 4 3 2 1 y -1 1
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Note: Normalized vector fields shou
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4 2 y -4 -2 2 4 -2 -4 Figure 2.63 S
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Chapter 2 Review Quiz 139 10. The l
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3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 L
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3.1 Differentiability and Analytici
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☞ 3.1 Differentiability and Analy
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3.2 Cauchy-Riemann Equations 153 We
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3.2 Cauchy-Riemann Equations 155 EX
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3.2 Cauchy-Riemann Equations 157 EX
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3.3 Harmonic Functions 159 then sol
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3.3 Harmonic Functions 161 EXAMPLE
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3.3 Harmonic Functions 163 In Probl
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3.4 Applications 165 tangent is the
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Lines of force ψ = c2 Lower potent
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In Section 4.5, for purposes that w
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y a b φ = k 1 x φ = k 0 Figure 3.
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Chapter 3 Review Quiz 173 11. The C
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176 Chapter 4 Elementary Functions
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Normalized velocity vector field fo
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5.1 Real Integrals 237 3. Let �P
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y π t = gives 2 (0,4) C t = 0 give
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(-1, -1) y C (2, 8) x Figure 5.5 Gr
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5.1 Real Integrals 243 denotes the
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5.2 Complex Integrals 245 In Proble
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z 0 C z k * z 1 * z 2 * z 2 z 1 z k
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These properties are important in t
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5.2 Complex Integrals 251 Now in vi
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5.2 Complex Integrals 253 Proof It
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y 1 + i 1 Figure 5.21 Figure for Pr
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D C Figure 5.26 Simply connected do
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D D A C C (a) (b) B C 1 C 1 Figure
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C 1 C 1 C (a) C (b) Figure 5.31 Tri
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C C y Figure 5.34 Figure for Proble
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z 0 C 1 D z 1 C Figure 5.38 If f is
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5.4 Independence of Path 267 and z(
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Be careful when using Ln z as an an
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5.4 Independence of Path 271 (ii) I
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5.5 Cauchy’s Integral Formulas an
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3i -3i y Figure 5.44 Contour for Ex
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y i 0 C 2 C 1 Figure 5.45 Contour f
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5.6 Applications 285 A B A B A B (a
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5.6 Applications 287 Indeed, by rew
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Note ☞ 5.6 Applications 289 If yo
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-2 -1 2 1 -1 -2 y Figure 5.51 Zero
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-1 -0.5 1 0.5 -0.5 -1 y 0.5 Figure
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5.6 Applications 295 In Problems 5-
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C 1 y 2i C 2 -2 2 Figure 5.58 Figur
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Chapter 5 Review Quiz 299 � z 38.
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302 Chapter 6 Series and Residues y
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304 Chapter 6 Series and Residues Y
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306 Chapter 6 Series and Residues D
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308 Chapter 6 Series and Residues E
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310 Chapter 6 Series and Residues R
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312 Chapter 6 Series and Residues 3
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314 Chapter 6 Series and Residues I
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316 Chapter 6 Series and Residues D
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318 Chapter 6 Series and Residues N
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324 Chapter 6 Series and Residues I
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326 Chapter 6 Series and Residues a
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330 Chapter 6 Series and Residues T
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334 Chapter 6 Series and Residues R
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336 Chapter 6 Series and Residues i
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338 Chapter 6 Series and Residues A
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344 Chapter 6 Series and Residues T
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352 Chapter 6 Series and Residues (
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362 Chapter 6 Series and Residues z
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364 Chapter 6 Series and Residues f
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366 Chapter 6 Series and Residues v
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368 Chapter 6 Series and Residues
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Page 406 and 407: 394 Chapter 7 Conformal Mappings π
Page 408 and 409: 396 Chapter 7 Conformal Mappings Re
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Page 414 and 415: 402 Chapter 7 Conformal Mappings Th
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Page 418 and 419: 406 Chapter 7 Conformal Mappings Re
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Page 426 and 427: 414 Chapter 7 Conformal Mappings A
Page 428 and 429: 416 Chapter 7 Conformal Mappings fo
Page 430 and 431: 418 Chapter 7 Conformal Mappings EX
Page 432 and 433: 420 Chapter 7 Conformal Mappings
Page 440 and 441: 428 Chapter 7 Conformal Mappings (a
Page 448 and 449: 436 Chapter 7 Conformal Mappings φ
Page 450 and 451: 438 Chapter 7 Conformal Mappings ψ
Page 456 and 457: 444 Chapter 7 Conformal Mappings In
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Page 463 and 464: Appendixes 1
Page 465 and 466: Appendix II Proof of the Cauchy-Gou
Page 467 and 468: Integrals � � � FE , GF , EG
Page 469 and 470: Appendix I Proof of Theorem 2.1 APP
Page 471 and 472: Appendix III Table of Conformal Map
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Answers to Selected Odd-Numbered Pr
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Indexes 1
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Word Index IND-7 Convergence of an
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Word Index IND-5 Cauchy-Riemann equ
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Symbol Index IND-3 z α , 194 sin z
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Word Index IND-9 principal square r
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IND-14 Word Index partial sums of,
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IND-12 Word Index Partial fractions
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Word Index IND-15 mapping by, 206-2
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Complex Analysis - Maths KU

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