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advanced theory and practice in sport marketing - Marshalls University

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Range: The distance between the lowest value <strong>and</strong> the highest value <strong>in</strong> a distribution.<br />

Reference Group Self: How the <strong>sport</strong> consumer <strong>in</strong>teracts with their reference<br />

group.<br />

Referral Sampl<strong>in</strong>g: A non-probability sampl<strong>in</strong>g method where the respondents<br />

to a survey are also asked to identify other <strong>in</strong>dividuals who would likely<br />

qualify to take the survey.<br />

Referrals: Recommendations made by one <strong>in</strong>dividual to another about a specific<br />

product, service, or organization.<br />

Regression: A predictive statistical method used to measure a dependent<br />

variable <strong>and</strong> its relationship to one (bivariate) or more (multiple) <strong>in</strong>dependent<br />

variables.<br />

Regular Foreign Sport Market<strong>in</strong>g: Sport organizations that have a permanent<br />

presence outside national borders, but their primary market (50% or above)<br />

is domestic.<br />

Relationship Management Integration: How the aspects of a series of promotional<br />

strategies work cooperatively to effectively <strong>and</strong> efficiently promote the<br />

<strong>sport</strong> product, service, or organization.<br />

Reliability: The ability to show that the results of the experiment are trustworthy,<br />

<strong>and</strong> if the same experiment were run aga<strong>in</strong>, the results would be either similar<br />

or comparable.<br />

Renvoi: Where a court utilizes its own laws, <strong>and</strong> has the option of adopt<strong>in</strong>g the<br />

center of gravity laws from another country.<br />

Research Method: A plan for a study that steers the collection <strong>and</strong> analysis of<br />

<strong>in</strong>formation gathered.<br />

Resource System: The process of select<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> utiliz<strong>in</strong>g resources to provide the<br />

benefits valued by the consumer.<br />

Return on Equity: The amount of profit earned on an organization’s common<br />

stock over a given period, which tells <strong>in</strong>vestors how effective their money is<br />

be<strong>in</strong>g utilized by the organization.<br />

Return on Investment: The amount of profit earned based on the quantity of<br />

resources used to produce the profit.<br />

Returns: The network for receiv<strong>in</strong>g defective <strong>and</strong> excess products back from<br />

customers <strong>and</strong> support<strong>in</strong>g customers who have problems with delivered<br />

products.<br />

Revenue Models: The methods of secur<strong>in</strong>g earn<strong>in</strong>gs for the <strong>sport</strong> organization.<br />

RFID: Radio frequency identification tag.<br />

RFM: Recency, frequency, monetary.<br />

RFM Analysis: A method for evaluat<strong>in</strong>g the most profitable customers for<br />

the <strong>sport</strong> organization based on: (1) if the customer has purchased recently;<br />

(2) how often the customer has made a purchase; <strong>and</strong> (3) how much the customer<br />

spends with the <strong>sport</strong> organization.<br />

ROE: See return on equity.<br />

ROI: See return on <strong>in</strong>vestment.<br />

Royalties: A share of <strong>in</strong>come, <strong>in</strong> accordance with the terms of a license<br />

agreement, paid by a licensor for the right to make, use, or sell a product or<br />

service.<br />

422 ADVANCED THEORY AND PRACTICE IN SPORT MARKETING

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