The Delft Sand, Clay & Rock Cutting Model, 2019a

The Delft Sand, Clay & Rock Cutting Model.
5.6. Specific Energy. ....................................................................................................................117
5.7. Usage of the Model for Dry Sand..........................................................................................117
5.8. Experiments in Dry Sand.......................................................................................................119
5.8.1. Hatamura & Chijiiwa (1977B). ......................................................................................................119
5.8.2. Wismer & Luth (1972B). ...............................................................................................................121
5.9. Nomenclature. .......................................................................................................................122
Chapter 6: Saturated Sand Cutting...........................................................................................................123
6.1. Introduction. ..........................................................................................................................123
6.2. Definitions. ............................................................................................................................123
6.3. Cutting Theory Literature......................................................................................................124
6.4. The Equilibrium of Forces.....................................................................................................127
6.5. Determination of the Pore Pressures......................................................................................129
6.6. Numerical Water Pore Pressure Calculations. .......................................................................131
6.7. The Blade Tip Problem..........................................................................................................137
6.8. Analytical/Numerical Water Pore Pressure Calculations. .....................................................138
6.9. Determination of the Shear Angle .....................................................................................145
6.10. The Coefficients a 1 and a 2. ....................................................................................................148
6.11. Determination of the Coefficients c 1, c 2, d 1 and d 2. ...............................................................149
6.11.1. Approximations. ........................................................................................................................150
6.12. Specific Cutting Energy.........................................................................................................152
6.12.1. Specific Energy and Production in Sand....................................................................................153
6.12.2. The Transition Cavitating/Non-Cavitating. ...............................................................................157
6.12.3. Conclusions Specific Energy .....................................................................................................157
6.12.4. Wear and Side Effects................................................................................................................158
6.13. Experiments...........................................................................................................................161
6.13.1. Description of the Test Facility..................................................................................................161
6.13.2. Test Program..............................................................................................................................169
6.13.3. Water Resistance........................................................................................................................170
6.13.4. The Influence of the Width of the Blade....................................................................................170
6.13.5. Side Effects. ...............................................................................................................................170
6.13.6. Scale Effects. .............................................................................................................................172
6.13.7. Comparison of Measurements versus Theory............................................................................173
6.13.8. Location of the Resulting Cutting Force....................................................................................173
6.13.9. Verification of the Theory in 200 m Sand. ..............................................................................174
6.13.10. Verification of the Theory in 105 m Sand. ..............................................................................176
6.13.11. Determination of and from Measurements. .........................................................................179
6.14. General Conclusions..............................................................................................................182
6.15. The Snow Plough Effect........................................................................................................182
6.16. Nomenclature. .......................................................................................................................188
Chapter 7: Clay Cutting. ............................................................................................................................191
7.1. Definitions. ............................................................................................................................191
7.2. Introduction. ..........................................................................................................................191
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