The Delft Sand, Clay & Rock Cutting Model, 2019a

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The Delft Sand, Clay & Rock Cutting Model. -8.5 MPa both tensile failure and shear failure are possible, with a tensile strength of -20 MPa also both tensile failure and shear failure are possible. It should be mentioned here that the forces shown are peak forces, so average forces may reduce to 50%-60%. So the two limiting cases are shown. 70 Shear Stress τ vs. Normal Stress σ 60 Sigma Axis 50 Shear Stress τ (MPa) 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 Tau Axis Tensile Failure Criterion Shear Failure Criterion Mohr Circle Shear Failure Mohr Circle Tensile Failure -70 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Normal Stress σ (MPa) © S.A.M. Figure 8-51: Mohr circles tensile strength -8.5 MPA. 70 Shear Stress τ vs. Normal Stress σ 60 Sigma Axis 50 Shear Stress τ (MPa) 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 Tau Axis Tensile Failure Criterion Shear Failure Criterion Mohr Circle Shear Failure Mohr Circle Tensile Failure -70 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Normal Stress σ (MPa) © S.A.M. Figure 8-52: Mohr circles tensile strength -20 MPa. Page 292 of 454 TOC Copyright © Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema
Rock Cutting: Atmospheric Conditions. A & B: Tensile Failure vs. Shear Failure, φ=20º 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 Tensile Failure Tear Type Shear Failure & Tensile Failure Chip Type Upper Limit Ratio BTS/Cohesion -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.8 Shear Failure Shear Type -0.9 -1.0 Lower Limit -1.1 -1.2 Shear Failure Flow Type © S.A.M. -1.3 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Blade Angle α (Degrees) Figure 8-53: The tensile vs. shear failure range based on the BTS to cohesion ratio. A & B: Tensile Failure vs. Shear Failure, φ=20º Tensile Failure Tear Type Shear Failure & Tensile Failure Chip Type Upper Limit Ratio -UCS/BTS 10 Shear Failure Shear Type Lower Limit Shear Failure Flow Type © S.A.M. 1 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Blade Angle α (Degrees) Figure 8-54 The tensile vs. shear failure range based on the UCS to BTS ratio. Copyright © Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema TOC Page 293 of 454
Page 1:
The Delft Sand, Clay & Rock Cutting
Page 5 and 6:
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Chapter 1: Introduction. 1.1. Appro
Page 29 and 30:
Introduction. In dry sand cutting t
Page 31 and 32:
Chapter 2: Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.
Page 33 and 34:
Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.2.2. Soil C
Page 35 and 36:
Basic Soil Mechanics. soil characte
Page 37 and 38:
Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.3. Soils. 2
Page 39 and 40:
Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.3.2. Clay.
Page 41 and 42:
Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.3.3. Rock.
Page 43 and 44:
Basic Soil Mechanics. Figure 2-12:
Page 45 and 46:
Basic Soil Mechanics. Figure 2-15 B
Page 47 and 48:
2.4. Soil Mechanical Parameters. Ba
Page 49 and 50:
Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.4.2.4. Impo
Page 51 and 52:
Basic Soil Mechanics. Table 2-3: Em
Page 53 and 54:
Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.4.3.4. Poro
Page 55 and 56:
Basic Soil Mechanics. 3 3 2 l e 3 g
Page 57 and 58:
Basic Soil Mechanics. 46 Friction a
Page 59 and 60:
Basic Soil Mechanics. c tan (2-
Page 61 and 62:
2.4.9. Unconfined Tensile Strength.
Page 63 and 64:
Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.5. Criteria
Page 65 and 66:
Basic Soil Mechanics. increase, to
Page 67 and 68:
Basic Soil Mechanics. Table 2-14: T
Page 69 and 70:
2.6. Soil Mechanical Tests. 2.6.1.
Page 71 and 72:
Basic Soil Mechanics. be regarded a
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
2.6.5.1. Consolidated Drained (CD).
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.8. The Mohr
Page 83 and 84:
Basic Soil Mechanics. Squaring equa
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.9. Active S
Page 89 and 90:
Basic Soil Mechanics.
Page 91 and 92:
Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.10. Passive
Page 93 and 94:
cos sin cos sin 1 1 sin
Page 95 and 96:
Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.11. Summary
Page 97 and 98:
2.12. Shear Strength versus Frictio
Page 99 and 100:
Basic Soil Mechanics. 2.13. Nomencl
Page 101 and 102:
The General Cutting Process. Chapte
Page 103 and 104:
The General Cutting Process. 10. β
Page 105 and 106:
The General Cutting Process. The fo
Page 107 and 108:
The General Cutting Process. W2 si
Page 109 and 110:
The General Cutting Process.
Page 111 and 112:
The General Cutting Process.
Page 113 and 114:
3.6. The Snow Plough Effect. The Ge
Page 115 and 116:
The General Cutting Process. The ve
Page 117 and 118:
3.6.5. The Resulting Cutting Forces
Page 119 and 120:
The General Cutting Process. Q c Pc
Page 121 and 122:
Which Cutting Mechanism for Which K
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
4.6. Summary. Which Cutting Mechani
Page 131 and 132:
Chapter 5: Dry Sand Cutting. 5.1. I
Page 133 and 134:
Dry Sand Cutting. The force K1 on t
Page 135 and 136:
Dry Sand Cutting. Horizontal Cuttin
Page 137 and 138:
Dry Sand Cutting. 2 v s i VD F
Page 139 and 140:
Dry Sand Cutting. Horizontal Cuttin
Page 141 and 142:
Dry Sand Cutting. Shear Angle β vs
Page 143 and 144:
Dry Sand Cutting. 5.6. Specific Ene
Page 145 and 146:
5.8. Experiments in Dry Sand. 5.8.1
Page 147 and 148:
Dry Sand Cutting. 5.8.2. Wismer & L
Page 149 and 150:
Chapter 6: Saturated Sand Cutting.
Page 151 and 152:
Saturated Sand Cutting. 2 ci c i F
Page 153 and 154:
Saturated Sand Cutting. the Waterlo
Page 155 and 156:
Saturated Sand Cutting. The normal
Page 157 and 158:
Saturated Sand Cutting. Figure 6-8:
Page 159 and 160:
Saturated Sand Cutting. Figure 6-10
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
6.7. The Blade Tip Problem. Saturat
Page 165 and 166:
Saturated Sand Cutting. s2 0.8 L
Page 167 and 168:
Saturated Sand Cutting. However Fig
Page 169 and 170:
Saturated Sand Cutting. S1=L1*(1-I/
Page 171 and 172:
Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.9. Determ
Page 173 and 174:
' h Saturated Sand Cutting.
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Saturated Sand Cutting. α=45° and
Page 179 and 180:
Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.12.1. Spe
Page 181 and 182:
Saturated Sand Cutting. 100.0 SPT v
Page 183 and 184:
Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.12.2. The
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.13. Exper
Page 189 and 190:
Saturated Sand Cutting. The tests a
Page 191 and 192:
Saturated Sand Cutting. old laborat
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.13.2. Tes
Page 197 and 198:
Saturated Sand Cutting. side effect
Page 199 and 200:
Saturated Sand Cutting. 6.13.7. Com
Page 201 and 202:
Saturated Sand Cutting. which the t
Page 203 and 204:
Saturated Sand Cutting. The dimensi
Page 205 and 206:
Saturated Sand Cutting. 10 Partial
Page 207 and 208:
Saturated Sand Cutting. The equatio
Page 209 and 210:
Saturated Sand Cutting. 0.30 No Cav
Page 211 and 212:
Saturated Sand Cutting. P4 (bar) P3
Page 213 and 214:
Saturated Sand Cutting. 10.0 8.0 Fh
Page 215 and 216:
Saturated Sand Cutting. Preal Real
Page 217 and 218:
Clay Cutting. Chapter 7: Clay Cutti
Page 219 and 220:
Clay Cutting. 7.3. The Influence of
Page 221 and 222:
Clay Cutting. From this equation, s
Page 223 and 224:
Clay Cutting. a material on which a
Page 225 and 226:
Clay Cutting. 7.3.4. The Proposed T
Page 227 and 228:
Clay Cutting. 100 90 Shear Strength
Page 229 and 230:
Clay Cutting. 7.3.6. Abelev & Valen
Page 231 and 232:
Clay Cutting. 2500 The Strain Rate
Page 233 and 234:
Clay Cutting. 7.4. The Flow Type. 7
Page 235 and 236:
Clay Cutting. F s ch i w s ah b
Page 237 and 238:
Clay Cutting. Figure 7-22 shows the
Page 239 and 240:
Clay Cutting. The Horizontal Cuttin
Page 241 and 242:
Clay Cutting. 7.5. The Tear Type. 7
Page 243 and 244:
7.5.3. The Mobilized Shear Strength
Page 245 and 246:
7.5.4. The Resulting Cutting Forces
Page 247 and 248:
Clay Cutting. Vertical Cutting Forc
Page 249 and 250:
Clay Cutting. This gives for the no
Page 251 and 252:
Clay Cutting. Substituting equation
Page 253 and 254:
Clay Cutting. Figure 7-34: The equi
Page 255 and 256:
Clay Cutting. Vertical Cutting Forc
Page 257 and 258:
Clay Cutting. 0.30 Vertical Cutting
Page 259 and 260:
Clay Cutting. 1000 Clay Cutting Esp
Page 261 and 262:
Clay Cutting. Shear Angle β vs. Bl
Page 263 and 264:
Clay Cutting. Horizontal Cutting Fo
Page 265 and 266:
Clay Cutting. 7.9. Nomenclature. a
Page 267 and 268: Rock Cutting: Atmospheric Condition
Page 275 and 276: 8.2.3. Based on UTS and UCS. Rock C
Page 277 and 278: 8.2.5. Hoek & Brown (1988). Rock Cu
Page 287 and 288: 8.3. Cutting Models. Rock Cutting:
Page 295 and 296: 8.3.5. The Nishimatsu Model. Rock C
Page 297 and 298: sin Rock Cutting: Atmospheric Cond
Page 317: Rock Cutting: Atmospheric Condition
Page 323 and 324: Rock Cutting: Hyperbaric Conditions
Page 345 and 346: 9.8. Specific Energy Graphs. Rock C
Page 351 and 352: The Occurrence of a Wedge. Chapter
Page 353 and 354: The Occurrence of a Wedge. 19. A fo
Page 355 and 356: The Occurrence of a Wedge. h 4 4
Page 357 and 358: 10.3. The Equilibrium of Moments. T
Page 359 and 360: A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting. Chapte
Page 361 and 362: A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting. The no
Page 363 and 364: A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting. Figure
Page 365 and 366: 11.4. Results of some Calculations.
Page 367 and 368: A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting. 11.5.
Page 369 and 370:
A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting. 11.6.
Page 371 and 372:
A Wedge in Saturated Sand Cutting.
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
12.4. The Equilibrium of Moments. A
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
12.8. Experiments. A Wedge in Satur
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
12.10. Nomenclature. A Wedge in Sat
Page 403 and 404:
A Wedge in Clay Cutting. Chapter 13
Page 405 and 406:
A Wedge in Clay Cutting. on the equ
Page 407 and 408:
A Wedge in Clay Cutting. Figure 13-
Page 409 and 410:
A Wedge in Clay Cutting. L3 L7
Page 411 and 412:
A Wedge in Atmospheric Rock Cutting
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
14.4. Nomenclature. A Wedge in Atmo
Page 419 and 420:
A Wedge in Hyperbaric Rock Cutting.
Page 421 and 422:
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
15.4. Nomenclature. A Wedge in Hype
Page 427 and 428:
Exercises. Chapter 16: Exercises. 1
Page 429 and 430:
Exercises. 16.2.8. Calc.: Bulldozer
Page 431 and 432:
Exercises. 16.3. Chapter 3: The Gen
Page 433 and 434:
Exercises. 16.4.5. MC: Hyperbaric R
Page 435 and 436:
Exercises. 16.6. Chapter 6: Water S
Page 437 and 438:
Exercises. 2 2 1 w c i c g v h
Page 439 and 440:
Exercises. F: Determine the pore pr
Page 441 and 442:
Exercises. E sp Fh vc Fh Fh 10
Page 443 and 444:
Exercises. 1,000 Pore Pressures on
Page 445 and 446:
Exercises. A tensile strength of -2
Page 447 and 448:
Exercises. Shear Stress vs. Normal
Page 449 and 450:
Exercises. 70 60 50 40 Shear Stress
Page 451 and 452:
Exercises. 16.8.4. Calc.: Cutting F
Page 453 and 454:
Exercises. 16.8.5. Calc.: Cutting F
Page 455 and 456:
Exercises. 16.9. Chapter 9: Hyperba
Page 457 and 458:
Bibliography. Chapter 17: Bibliogra
Page 459 and 460:
Bibliography. Miedema, S. (1989, De
Page 461 and 462:
Figures & Tables. Chapter 18: Figur
Page 463 and 464:
Figures & Tables. Figure 5-20: The
Page 465 and 466:
Figures & Tables. Figure 8-5: Const
Page 467 and 468:
Figures & Tables. Figure 12-11: The
Page 469 and 470:
18.2. List of Figures in Appendices
Page 471 and 472:
Figures & Tables. Figure U-2: Speci
Page 473 and 474:
Figures & Tables. Figure Y-27: A la
Page 475 and 476:
Figures & Tables. 18.3. List of Tab
Page 477 and 478:
18.4. List of Tables in Appendices.
Page 479 and 480:
Appendices. Chapter 19: Appendices.
Page 481 and 482:
Active & Passive Soil Failure Coeff
Page 483 and 484:
Dry Sand Cutting Coefficients. Appe
Page 485 and 486:
Dry Sand Cutting Coefficients. B.1.
Page 487 and 488:
Page 489 and 490:
Dry Sand Cutting Coefficients. B.2
Page 491 and 492:
Page 493 and 494:
Page 495 and 496:
Dry Sand Cutting Coefficients. B.3
Page 497 and 498:
Dry Sand Cutting Coefficients. Perc
Page 499 and 500:
Dimensionless Pore Pressures p1m &
Page 501 and 502:
The Shear Angle β Non-Cavitating.
Page 503 and 504:
The Shear Angle β Non-Cavitating.
Page 505 and 506:
Appendix E: The Coefficient c1. The
Page 507 and 508:
The Coefficient c1. Table E-3: c1 f
Page 509 and 510:
Appendix F: The Coefficient c2. The
Page 511 and 512:
The Coefficient c2. Table F-3: c2 f
Page 513 and 514:
Appendix G: The Coefficient a1. The
Page 515 and 516:
The Coefficient a1. Table G-3: a1 f
Page 517 and 518:
The Shear Angle β Cavitating. Appe
Page 519 and 520:
The Shear Angle β Cavitating. Tabl
Page 521 and 522:
Appendix I: The Coefficient d1. The
Page 523 and 524:
The Coefficient d1. Table I-3: d1 f
Page 525 and 526:
Appendix J: The Coefficient d2. The
Page 527 and 528:
The Coefficient d2. Table J-3: d2 f
Page 529 and 530:
The Properties of the 200 μm Sand.
Page 531 and 532:
Page 533 and 534:
Page 535 and 536:
Page 537 and 538:
Experiments in Water Saturated Sand
Page 539 and 540:
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547 and 548:
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
Page 553 and 554:
Page 555 and 556:
Page 557 and 558:
Page 559 and 560:
The Snow Plough Effect. Appendix N:
Page 561 and 562:
The Snow Plough Effect. 10.0 8.0 Fh
Page 563 and 564:
Page 565 and 566:
Page 567 and 568:
The Snow Plough Effect. 20.0 16.0 F
Page 569 and 570:
Page 571 and 572:
Specific Energy in Sand. Appendix O
Page 573 and 574:
Specific Energy in Sand. 2500 Speci
Page 575 and 576:
Occurrence of a Wedge, Non-Cavitati
Page 577 and 578:
Occurrence of a Wedge, Non-Cavitati
Page 579 and 580:
Occurrence of a Wedge, Cavitating.
Page 581 and 582:
Occurrence of a Wedge, Cavitating.
Page 583 and 584:
Pore Pressures with Wedge. Appendix
Page 585 and 586:
Pore Pressures with Wedge. Table R-
Page 587 and 588:
Pore Pressures with Wedge. Table R-
Page 589 and 590:
FEM Calculations with Wedge. Append
Page 591 and 592:
FEM Calculations with Wedge. Figure
Page 593 and 594:
S.3 The 75 Degree Blade. FEM Calcul
Page 595 and 596:
Page 597 and 598:
Page 599 and 600:
Appendix T: Force Triangles. Force
Page 601 and 602:
Force Triangles. Figure T-3: The fo
Page 603 and 604:
Force Triangles. Figure T-5: The fo
Page 605 and 606:
Specific Energy in Clay. Appendix U
Page 607 and 608:
Specific Energy in Clay. 6000 Speci
Page 609 and 610:
Clay Cutting Charts. Appendix V: Cl
Page 611 and 612:
Clay Cutting Charts. The Vertical C
Page 613 and 614:
Clay Cutting Charts. Shear Angle β
Page 615 and 616:
Clay Cutting Charts. V.3 The Curlin
Page 617 and 618:
Rock Cutting Charts. Appendix W: Ro
Page 619 and 620:
Rock Cutting Charts. W.2 The Transi
Page 621 and 622:
Rock Cutting Charts. A & B: Tensile
Page 623 and 624:
Page 625 and 626:
Page 627 and 628:
Page 629 and 630:
Page 631 and 632:
Page 633 and 634:
Rock Cutting Charts. W.5 Brittle Te
Page 635 and 636:
Rock Cutting Charts. W.6 Brittle Te
Page 637 and 638:
Hyperbaric Rock Cutting Charts. App
Page 639 and 640:
Hyperbaric Rock Cutting Charts. 100
Page 641 and 642:
Hyperbaric Rock Cutting Charts. X.2
Page 643 and 644:
Page 645 and 646:
Page 647 and 648:
Page 649 and 650:
Page 651 and 652:
Page 653 and 654:
Page 655 and 656:
Page 657 and 658:
Page 659 and 660:
Page 661 and 662:
Page 663 and 664:
Page 665 and 666:
Applications & Equipment. Appendix
Page 667 and 668:
Y.2 Bucket Ladder Dredges. Applicat
Page 669 and 670:
Y.3 Cutter Suction Dredges. Applica
Page 671 and 672:
Applications & Equipment. Figure Y-
Page 673 and 674:
Applications & Equipment. Y.4 Trail
Page 675 and 676:
Page 677 and 678:
Y.5 Backhoe Dredges. Applications &
Page 679 and 680:
Y.6 Clamshell Dredges. Applications
Page 681 and 682:
Page 683 and 684:
Y.7 Bucket Wheel Dredges. Applicati
Page 685 and 686:
Y.8 Braun Kohle Bergbau. Applicatio
Page 687 and 688:
Y.9 Deep Sea Mining. Applications &
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691 and 692:
Y.10 Cable Trenching. Applications
Page 693 and 694:
Y.11 Offshore Pipeline Trenching. A
Page 695 and 696:
Y.12 Dry Trenching. Applications &
Page 697 and 698:
Applications & Equipment. Y.13 PDC
Page 699 and 700:
Applications & Equipment. Y.14 Bull
Page 701 and 702:
Applications & Equipment. Y.15 Dry
Page 703 and 704:
Y.16 Tunnel Boring Machines. Applic
Page 705 and 706:
Publications. Appendix Z: Publicati
Page 707 and 708:
Publications. 52. Miedema, S.A.,
Page 710:
show all

The Delft Sand, Clay & Rock Cutting Model, 2019a

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?