The Delft Sand, Clay & Rock Cutting Model, 2019a

Figures & Tables.
Figure 12-11: The parallel resistor method. .........................................................................................................353
Figure 12-12: The coarse mesh. ...........................................................................................................................354
Figure 12-13: The fine mesh. ...............................................................................................................................354
Figure 12-14: Equipotential lines of pore pressures. ............................................................................................355
Figure 12-15: Equipotential distribution in color. ................................................................................................355
Figure 12-16: The flow lines or stream function. .................................................................................................356
Figure 12-17: The stream function in colors. .......................................................................................................356
Figure 12-18: The equilibrium of moments on the wedge in water saturated sand. .............................................357
Figure 12-19: Moment versus wedge angle θ by using polynomial regression for: α=90 0 ; β=15 0 ,20 0 ,25 0 ,30 0 ; δ=28 0 ;
φ=42 0 ; h i=1; h b=3; k i/k max=0.25 .....................................................................................................358
Figure 12-20: The moment versus the shear angle for 4 different wedge angles for: α=90 0 ; δ=28 0 ; φ=42 0 ; h i=1;
h b=3; k i/k max=0.25 ..........................................................................................................................359
Figure 12-21: The forces on the wedges at 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 cutting angles. ...................................360
Figure 12-22: No cavitation, the angles θ, β, δ m and λ as a function of the blade angle α for φ=30º and δ=20º. 361
Figure 12-23: No cavitation, the cutting forces as a function of the blade angle α for φ=30º and δ=20º. ............361
Figure 12-24: Cavitating, the angles θ, β, δ m and λ as a function of the blade angle α for φ=30º and δ=20º. ......363
Figure 12-25: Cavitating, the cutting forces as a function of the blade angle α for φ=30º and δ=20º. .................363
Figure 12-26: The lower and upper limit where a static wedge can exist for the non-cavitating cutting process.
.......................................................................................................................................................364
Figure 12-27: The lower and upper limit where a static wedge can exist for the cavitating cutting process. ......364
Figure 12-28: The lower limit where the wedge starts to occur. ..........................................................................365
Figure 12-29: Cross section of the cutting tank. ..................................................................................................367
Figure 12-30: Front view of the test facility. ........................................................................................................368
Figure 12-31: The blade mounted under the carriage .........................................................................................369
Figure 12-32: The camera in front of the window. .............................................................................................369
Figure 12-33: Cover with camera behind the blade. ............................................................................................369
Figure 12-34: The Perspex window in the blade. .................................................................................................370
Figure 12-35: View of the cutting process through the Perspex window. ............................................................370
Figure 12-36: Cutting forces for cutting depths (h i) from 3 to 7 cm; blade angle 60°. .......................................371
Figure 12-37: Cutting forces for cutting depths (h i) from 3 to 7 cm; blade angle 75°. .......................................372
Figure 12-38: Cutting forces for cutting depths (h i) from 3 to 7 cm; blade angle 90°. .......................................373
Figure 12-39: The dynamic wedge. ......................................................................................................................374
Figure 13-1: The occurrence of a wedge in clay cutting. .....................................................................................377
Figure 13-2: The forces on the layer cut in clay cutting with a wedge. ...............................................................380
Figure 13-3: The forces on the wedge in clay cutting. .........................................................................................380
Figure 13-4: The forces on the blade when cutting clay with a wedge. ...............................................................381
Figure 13-5: The equilibrium of moments on the wedge when cutting clay. .......................................................381
Figure 14-1: Definitions. ......................................................................................................................................385
Figure 14-2: The forces on the layer cut when a wedge is present.......................................................................388
Figure 14-3: The forces on the wedge. .................................................................................................................388
Figure 14-4: The forces on the blade when a wedge is present. ...........................................................................389
Figure 14-5: The moments on the wedge. ............................................................................................................389
Figure 15-1: Definitions. ......................................................................................................................................393
Figure 15-2: The forces on the layer cut when a wedge is present.......................................................................396
Figure 15-3: The forces on the wedge. .................................................................................................................397
Figure 15-4: The forces on the blade when a wedge is present. ...........................................................................397
Figure 15-5: The moments on the wedge. ............................................................................................................398
Figure 16-1: The horizontal cutting forces. ..........................................................................................................412
Figure 16-2: The specific energy. ........................................................................................................................412
Figure 16-3: The pore pressures on blade and shear plane...................................................................................413
Figure 16-4: The horizontal cutting forces. ..........................................................................................................416
Figure 16-5: The specific energy. ........................................................................................................................416
Figure 16-6: The pore pressures on blade and shear plane...................................................................................417
Figure 16-7: The Mohr circles. ............................................................................................................................419
Figure 16-8: The Mohr circles for a tensile strength of -2 MPa. Tensile Failure. ................................................421
Figure 16-9: The Mohr circles for a tensile strength of -10 MPa. Shear Failure. .................................................421
Figure 16-10: The Mohr circles with tensile strength of -10 MPa (UCS=100 MPa, φ=20º). Shear Failure. ......423
Figure 16-11: The Mohr circles with tensile strength of -5 MPa (UCS=100 MPa, φ=20º). Tensile Failure. .....424
Figure 16-12: The Mohr circles with tensile strength of -10 MPa (UCS=60 MPa, φ=20º). Shear Failure. ........426
Figure 16-13: The Mohr circles with tensile strength of -3 MPa (UCS=60 MPa, φ=20º). Tensile Failure. .......428
Copyright © Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema TOC Page 441 of 454