vgbe energy journal 7 (2022) - International Journal for Generation and Storage of Electricity and Heat

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Eastern Europe – Energy security and coal mental legislation in the energy sector, such as commitments to reduce emissions of SO 2 , NO x and particulates from coal plants. EU membership commits countries to adopt stricter emissions standards, liberalise their energy sectors, and transpose relevant parts of EU law into national legislation. Despite these requirements, several EU candidate countries intend to continue using coal for at least part of their power generation mix. In some cases, this involves the development of new coal-fired projects, and in others, the updating and modernisation of existing facilities, thereby extending their lifetimes. There is a requirement for specific plants to comply with the EU IED, although in some cases, this has not been met. In 2019, all countries in the region exceeded their emission limits at some point, especially for SO 2 and particulates. Emissions from some plants continue to exceed the ceiling agreed with the Energy Community, and there have been numerous cases of non-compliance that have not been rectified by successive governments. Many coal-fired units in eastern Europe are outdated and require refurbishment and modernisation. As a result, some older lignite-fired capacity has been closed, although other plants have been retrofitted with emissions control systems. There are also proposals or projects in development aimed at improving the efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of other facilities. However, not all environmental upgrading projects have progressed smoothly. For example, an FGD unit was added to the Kostolac B plant in Serbia and since hand-over, there have been reports that the plant exceeded its emissions limits on a number of occasions. It remains unclear why this happened and whether the situation has been fully resolved. In other cases, the Covid-19 pandemic has delayed progress. Trial operations of a new FGD unit at the Ugljevik power plant in BiH were halted temporarily, only resuming when Mitsubishi Power staff were able to return. Energy security The issue of energy security in the region has become increasingly important following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Russia is the major provider of natural gas to much of Europe, and the subsequent interruptions and reduced supply have highlighted the risks associated with over-reliance on a single external source of energy. Many countries are re-assessing their energy portfolios and attempting to find affordable, sustainable alternatives to Russian oil, gas and coal. This will not be easy, at least in the near term. Those with indigenous energy reserves such as hard coal and lignite will be better placed to meet these new challenges. There are various projects and proposals for new coal power developments in Bosnia, Serbia, Turkey, and North Macedonia. Some are well advanced in their development although others are unlikely to go ahead, even though the electricity generated would be much cleaner and more affordable than that currently being produced by outdated power plants. Thus, in some eastern European countries, coal power will not be disappearing soon, but future developments are likely to take two forms: all-new coal units or modernisation of existing older capacity. Clearly, the immediate issue facing many European governments is the impact of the war in Ukraine and the increasing sanctions on Russian fossil fuels. Many countries rely heavily on Russian energy supplies or have planned to use Russian gas to replace coalfired capacity. However, in general, this is no longer a realistic option. Governments are increasingly examining ways to improve their energy security, and the focus on the use of indigenous energy sources has increased. In some countries, this may provide added impetus for the life-extension of existing coal power capacity development and possibly new coal-based power projects. The Russian invasion of Ukraine has highlighted the fragility of energy sectors overreliant on a single technology or heavily dependent on external sources of energy. Future energy planning and strategy should re-evaluate and consider the advantages that can be provided through the deployment of modern, highly efficient coal-fired power plants, with carbon capture and storage, ideally as part of a mixed portfolio of energy sources. The effective use of indigenous reserves of coal or lignite could be a major factor, providing a buffer against external events, and boosting national energy security. This executive summary including the conclusions of the full study is based on a detailed study which is available separately from: www.sustainable-carbon.org. This is a summary performed by the vgbe energy journal editorial of the report: Eastern Europe–Energy security and coal by Stephen Mills, ICSC/321, ISBN 978-2-9029- 644-7, 107 pp, July 2022, London, United Kingdom. l VGB-Standard Guideline for the Testing of DeNOx-catalysts VGB-S-302-00-2013-04-EN (VGB-S-302-00-2013-04-DE, German edition) DIN A4, Print/eBook, 68 Pages, Price for vgbe-Members € 120.–, Non-Members € 190.–, + Shipping & VAT The purpose of this VGB-Standard is to manifest a testing procedure, which can be employed by catalyst manufacturers, SCR equipment suppliers, power plant operators and independent testing institutions for determining the characteristics of SCR catalysts. The most important characteristics are guaranteed in the purchase contracts, deviation from these, which are penalized, need to be manifested under the agreed upon boundary conditions (i.e. testing conditions). NOx emissions from stationary combustion sources can be reduced by a variety of primary measures in the furnace or by secondary measures downstream. The so called Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR process) has become the world’s most widely applied technology for secondary NOx reduction from combustion processes. This is particularly true when high NOx removal efficiencies (80 to 90 %) are required. Smaller plants (i.e. waste-to-energy, biomass, etc.) also use the so called Selective Non Catalytic Reduction (SNCR-process) reducing NOx in the gas phase without employing a catalyst. VGB-Standard Guideline for the Testing of DeNOx-catalysts VGB-S-302-00-2013-04-EN (formerly VGB-R 302e) * Access for eBooks (PDF files) is included in the membership fees for Ordinary Members (operators, plant owners) of vgbe energy e.V. 68 | vgbe energy journal 7 · 2022
vgbe Fachtagung Stilllegung und Rückbau von Energie- und Industrieanlagen 2022 5. und 6. Oktober 2022 in Velbert | Best Western Plus Parkhotel | mit Fachausstellung Stilllegung und Rückbau von Energie- und Industrieanlagen 2022 Am 5. und 6. Oktober 2022 findet die 3. vgbe Fachtagung zum Thema „Stilllegung und Rückbau“ in Velbert statt, die sich erneut mit der gesamten Bandbreite der Energieerzeugungsanlagen von konventionell bis erneuerbar beschäftigt. Die Fachtagung mit Ausstellung richtet sich an Betreiber dieser Anlagen, aber auch an Mitarbeitende von Ingenieurbüros, Unternehmen, Planern, Genehmigungsbehörden und Forschungseinrichtungen. Auf der Veranstaltung bietet sich die Gelegenheit zum Austausch mit Fachkollegen über aktuelle Themen von der Genehmigung und Planung, Außerbetriebnahme über die Trockenlegung und den Rückbau bis hin zur Nachnutzung von Anlagen und Flächen zur Energieerzeugung. Als Themen werden unter anderem behandelt: | Beschleunigung von Genehmigungsverfahren | Nachhaltige Rückbaukonzepte und Herstellerverantwortung | Sicherheitskultur, Arbeitssicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz | Fehlervermeidung bei der Schadstoffsanierung | Abbruchstatik | Brandschutz | Erfahrungsberichte zum Rückbau konventioneller Anlagen | Rückbau und Repowering von Windenergieanlagen | Offshore Windparks – Rückbauszenarien | Umnutzung und Nachnutzungskonzepte Ziel der Veranstaltung ist es, die in der Praxis von Betreibern von Energie- und Industrieanlagen sowie von im Energiebereich tätigen Unternehmen gesammelten Erfahrungen vorzustellen und Hilfestellungen für den Umgang mit der Stilllegung und dem Rückbau von konventionellen bis hin zu Windenergieanlagen zu geben. vgbe stellt den Teilnehmenden eine Plattform für den Erfahrungsaustausch unter Experten bereit, um die anstehenden Herausforderungen vom Auslaufbetrieb über den Rückbau bis hin zur Nachnutzung von Energie- und Industrieanlagen sicherer, effizienter und wirtschaftlicher bewältigen zu können. Weitere Informationen zur Veranstaltung finden Sie unter: https://t1p.de/vgbe-SR2022/ (Kurzlink) Wir freuen uns auf Ihre Teilnahme bei der vgbe Fachtagung „Stilllegung und Rückbau von Energie- und Industrieanlagen 2022“ im Oktober dieses Jahres in Velbert. Tagungsprogramm Änderungen vorbehalten MITTWOCH, 5. OKTOBER 2022 12:45 Registrierung, Kaffee 13:30- 13:40 13:40- 14:10 S1.1 14:10- 14:40 S1.2 14:40- 15:05 S1.3 15:05- 15:30 S1.4 15:30- 16:00 16:00- 16:30 S2.1 16:30- 17:00 S2.2 17:00- 17:30 S2.3 Begrüßung zur Veranstaltung Dr. Thomas Eck, Leiter Kraftwerkstechnologien und Umwelttechnik, vgbe energy e.V., Essen SEKTION 1 – Grundlagen (Recht, Arbeitssicherheit, Statik) Beschleunigung von Genehmigungsverfahren – aber wie? Dr. Peter Kersandt, AVR – Andrea Versteyl Rechtsanwälte Partnerschaftsgesellschaft mbB, Berlin Sicherheitskultur – Human Performance Tools Frank Heinrich, PreussenElektra GmbH, Hannover Abbruchstatik nach VDI 6210 Markus Rost, Constructure GmbH, Düsseldorf Brandschutz beim Rückbau Michael Lischewski, DMT GmbH & Co. KG, Dortmund Kaffeepause SEKTION 2 – Windenergieanlagen von A bis Z Herstellerverantwortung für Windenergieanlagen – alte Hüte oder neue Konzepte? Dr. Petra Weißhaupt, M.A., Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau Nachhaltiger Rückbau von Windenergieanlagen Annette Nüsslein, RDRWind e.V., Hannover Darstellung von Rückbaukonzepten für Windenergieanlagen – Lessons Learnt Sebastian Wesch, Hagedorn Service GmbH, Gütersloh 18:30 Get-together Ihr vgbe-Team Online-Anmeldung https://register.vgbe.energy/22622/ Kontakt (Teilnahme) Barbara Bochynski | t +49 201 8128-205 | e vgbe-rueckbau@vgbe.energy
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