vgbe energy journal 7 (2022) - International Journal for Generation and Storage of Electricity and Heat

Abstracts | Kurzfassungen
Emission footprint analysis of
dispatchable gas-based power
generation technologies
Tobias Sieker, Nils Petersen,
Thomas Bexten, Manfred Wirsum,
Arne Güdden, Johannes Claßen,
Stefan Pischinger, Christian Lenz,
Thorsten Krol and Heimo Friede
Despite their similarity as gas-based power generation
technologies, emissions from gas turbines
(GT) and gas-based reciprocating internal
combustion engines (RICE) are commonly regulated
independently. Thus, the present study
aims to provide a comprehensive emission footprint
analysis of GT and RICE power plants using
an apples-to-apples metric (i.e., generated mass
of a species per electrical output, g/kWhel). In
the first part of the study, this metric is applied to
compare GT and RICE’s current major regulatory
frameworks. While the stricter NOX emission
limits show that CC-GT power plants are usually
more strictly regulated compared to SC-GT and
RICE, the CO emission limits can be classified as
technology-neutral. The second part provides a
comparative analysis of the emission behavior
of both technologies, considering representative
power plant configurations and operating
regimes with emphasis on startups, part-load
operation, and transient load changes.
Hydrogen-based hybrid solutions for
power generation and energy storage
Jürgen Wilkening and Jochen Lorz
Renewable technologies are on the rise. As
volatile energy generators, they are subject to
constant, high-gradient fluctuations and are not
available at all times. Storage technologies are
now a common way to temporarily store electricity
in order to buffer volatile generation patterns
and absorb peak consumption. Hydrogen
can serve as a storage medium for energy generation,
but it is a carrier medium and must therefore
be produced by electrolysis or other synthesis
processes from other raw materials. From
today’s perspective, it can be shown that the energy
mix of the future can be increasingly generated
in a decentralised manner, despite the volatility
of generation plants and fluctuations in
offtake. For this, the plants must be able to cope
with a variety of possible load and generation
states, for which hybrid plants appear to be particularly
suitable. A groundbreaking productivity
lever prior to the plant construction of a complex
hybrid power plant is the software-based
support of the engineering processes through
virtual models of plant systems, energy applications
and material flows. With the help of the
digital twin and process validation, energy concepts
are tested, both in their functionality and
in their time behaviour, and process sequences
are optimised even before realisation.
New dimensions in social engineering
Stefan Loubichi
Social engineering is a method of obtaining
security-relevant data by exploiting human
behaviour. In the process, the criminal selects
the person as the weak link in the security
chain to put his criminal intentions into action.
Criminals exploit human characteristics
such as trust, helpfulness, fear, or respect for
authority to manipulate these people. In social
engineering attacks, the focus is on the
central feature of deception about the identity
and intention of the attacker. Ever since
life-threatening orders were issued by strangers
in “deep fake” meetings during Ukraine war,
or the mayor of Berlin only realised after 30
minutes that she was not talking to Kyiv mayor
she knew, it has become obvious that there are
new forms of “social engineering”.
Eastern Europe –
Energy security and coal
Stephen Mills
Eastern Europe has a complex history and
continues to be shaped by internal and external
forces. Political and economic alignments,
disputes over territory and land annexation,
and split loyalties between major players such
as the European Union, China and Russia are
contributing factors. The Russian-Ukraine conflict
highlights the fragility of energy sectors
over-reliant on a single technology or heavily
dependent on external sources of energy. Some
eastern European countries, including several
aspiring EU member states, are not able to
eliminate coal power. Coal sourced from indigenous
reserves or imported from a portfolio of
reliable outside suppliers provides some control
and stability over energy costs and greater
security of energy supply. Various coal power
projects have been proposed or are under
development in eastern Europe.
Empowering people to act:
How awareness and behaviour
campaigns can enable citizens to
save energy during and beyond
today’s energy crisis
Brian Motherway, Kristina Klimovich,
Emma Mooney and Céline Gelis
A global focus on the demand side of the energy
equation has never been more important. Supply
uncertainty, high prices and urgent climate
targets all point to the value of energy efficiency
and energy savings. Governments are responding
with various measures including targeted
grants and demand-reduction campaigns.
Well-designed campaigns can motivate people
to reduce their energy use. Many lessons have
been learned on how to design awareness and
behaviour change campaigns to achieve maximum
effect. Four key concepts are crucial:
Getting the message right. Getting the message
across. Combining information with behavioural
insights. Campaigns for a crisis context.
Plastic replaces alloyed metal for
applications in aggressive
environments
High-alloy metal has long been considered the
material of choice for applications in aggressive
environments such as flue gas cleaning. The fact
that thermoplastics such as polyphenylene sulphide
(PPS) are in no way inferior to common
metals in applications under high chemical,
thermal and mechanical stresses and even offer
advantages through more flexible processability
is often overlooked. In one project, corrosion-resistant
metal was completely replaced by engineering
plastic in the frame system of a filter
for mercury. An example of the performance of
plastic that could also be transferred to many
other application areas and industries.
DIN 28177: First standard for
structural tubes published
Dimple tubes drastically shrink plant
and equipment
Udo Hellwig
DIN 28177, published in February by the German
Institute for Standardisation, defines a normative
standard for dimensions and materials
of so-called dimple tubes or structural tubes for
heat transfer in process engineering apparatus.
Such tubes made of unalloyed, alloyed or stainless
steels are characterised by regular spheroidal
indentations (RSE), which are created by
targeted mechanical forming. The seamless or
welded tubes are particularly suitable for the
production of shell-and-tube heat exchangers
and for use in pressure applications.
Conference Report: vgbe Conference
„Steam Turbines and Operation of
Steam Turbines 2022”
With around 260 participants from Germany
and abroad and an accompanying trade exhibition
with 37 exhibitors, the vgbe conference
„Steam Turbines and Steam Turbine Operation
2022“ took place in Cologne from 14 to 15 June
2022. The high number of participants and the
large trade exhibition underline the importance
of this vgbe conference on the one hand and
the great interest in an attendance event on the
other. This year‘s lecture programme focused
on the following topics: Repair possibilities
and measures, numerical analyses and reverse
engineering, retrofits and possibilities for plant
optimisation, steam quality and analysis, as well
as government regulations on the energy market
(Grid Code, Energy Tax Act, etc.).
Conference report: vgbe Conference
“KELI – Electrical Engineering,
Instrumentation & Control
and Information Technology
in the energy supply”
Around 230 participants from Germany and
abroad used the KELI 2022 – Conference Electrical
Engineering, Instrumentation & Control and
Information Technology in the energy supply as
platform to find out about the latest KELI trends
and discuss the technical challenges of current
energy policy. The conference was again rounded
off by an accompanying trade exhibition with
12 exhibitors from the fields of electrification,
automation, drive technology, engineering
software, IT security, control systems and cyber
security. On the two days of the conference, ten
sections focused on the main actual topics of
electrical engineering, instrumentation & control
and information technology.
6 | vgbe energy journal 7 · 2022