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Annex III Definitions of cultural participation Excerpts from surveys reviewed for the handbook on Measuring Cultural Participation Last access to links: 5 September 2011 Hong Kong Arts Development Council (2000) Public Attitude on Art (Arts Poll 2000). Hong Kong: Arts Development Council. Accessed at: http://www.hkadc.org.hk/en/content/web.do?id=ff80818123dbba560123dbfd53e9001b The report accessed is very short and we could not find a definition of cultural participation. However it is implicit that the attitude on cultural and arts participation has evolved from the concept of personal refinement and elitist activities to the recognition of its contribution towards creativity and city image enhancement, recognising the importance of the arts and culture to a knowledge-based economy. ______ Ogrodnik, Lucie (2000). Patterns in Culture Consumption and Participation. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. Accessed at: http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/74E41055-65E2-4338-990D- A0462CF3583C/0/cult_consumpe.pdf This survey is based on the Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics, developed by Statistics Canada. The Canadian definition of cultural participation was typically one of balance, flexibility and compromise, were Sport is not included, nor is the broader definition of nature and the environment (other than nature parks with interpretation centres). Other domains such as advertising and new media are included as culture categories. The extent of inclusion of cultural equipment (such as blank videotapes, CD players, TV sets, musical instruments and artists’ materials) continues to be the subject of much discussion. The framework for culture statistics is broken down into seven major functional elements including creation, production, preservation, manufacturing, distribution, support services and consumption. Consumption, which encompasses both active and passive participation was deemed as one of the essential elements. The fundamental points of information required for consumption include: the number and characteristics of persons who attend, watch, buy, listen to, read, use and do volunteer work in culture. ______ Statistics New Zealand (2002). Cultural experiences survey 2002 (questionnaire). Accessed at: http://www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/quest/sddquest.nsf/12df43879eb9b25e4c256809001ee0 fe/278425242eaceebacc256b61000d11a6/$FILE/Final.PDF The Cultural Experience Survey is based on the "New Zealand Framework for Cultural Statistics", which considers culture as the way in which people affirm their identity and achieve a sense of belonging, share common objectives, common behaviours and common knowledge. For this - 121 -
framework cultural statistics attempt to measure all the activities through which culture is communicated from person to person and from generation to generation. Eleven cultural domains were selected: Taonga Tuku Iho, Heritage, Libraries, Literature, Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Film/Video, Broadcasting, Community and Government Activities, Sports and Recreation and Nature and Environment. ______ Miringoff, Marque-Luisa and Opdycke, Sandra (2005). Arts, Culture and the Social Health of the Nation 2005. New York: Institute for Innovation in Social Policy. Accessed at: http://iisp.vassar.edu/artsculture.pdf This survey treats participation in the arts and culture as a critical component of the social health of the nation, one that could be measured and monitored on a systematic basis. The general idea is that participation in the arts and culture occurs not only through the plays we see, the dance performances and concerts we attend and the art shows we view, but also through the creative work we do in our daily lives. ______ Ostrower, Francie (2005). The diversity of Cultural Participation: Findings of a National Survey. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute. Accessed at: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/311251_cultural_participation.pdf This survey took a broad and inclusive view of culture, highlighting the diverse venues where people attend cultural events (such as a church as a cultural venue), and focusing on the links between cultural and civic participation. Besides the issue of attendance the survey also conceived of other forms of participation, including production (such as playing an instrument) and giving time and money. ______ Consejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes (2007) Encuesta de Consumo Cultural 2004-2005. Valparaiso, Chile: Consejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes. Accessed at: http://www.mcu.es/libro/docs/MC/CD/ENCUESTA_CULTURA_CHILE.pdf Cultural consumption and participation is considered as a cultural practice, a space for communication that includes activities like attendance at cultural events, listening to and watching musical productions and mass media, reading, etc. and other activities such as arts education and training and amateur arts production. In every case we are talking about practices where the individuals make use of their cultural repertoires and resources, their ways to organize the reality and capacity to communicate and signify. ______ Hill Strategies Research Inc. (2007). A profile of the cultural and heritage activities of Canadians 2005. Canada: Canada Council for the Arts. Accessed at: http://www.canadacouncil.ca/publications_e/research/aud_access/lr128352041672320553.htm The survey only considered cultural participation as containing the following dimensions: attending live performances; visiting art galleries and museums; visiting historic sites and other heritage organizations; reading newspapers, magazines, books; watching movies or videos and listening to recorded music. ______ - 122 -
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2695 mEaSUriNG CUltUral PartiCiPati
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UNESCO The constitution of the Unit
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Acknowledments The handbbook is bas
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3.3 Methodological considerations .
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The Rights conferred in the Constit
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1.1.4 Changing context and definiti
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spread of piracy easier and more th
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1.3.2. Guidelines for using the han
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Chapter 2. Defining, measuring and
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Figure 1. Cultural values and ident
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iv) Observational Arts Participatio
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- A profile of the cultural and her
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Did you go to a live ballet perform
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“omnivores” and “univores”
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When you accessed the Internet, was
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The implication of these observatio
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other cultural relations and phenom
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During the last 3 years, have you b
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Cultural participation is about ind
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Which of the following activities y
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When you were a child, did you take
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- I’m going to read some statemen
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(for respondents who did not go to
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2.2.8 Cross-country comparison Cros
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Another complementary field which h
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Chapter 3. Measuring cultural parti
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The contrast between the core appro
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� Cultural expenditure: typically
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While audience and visitor surveys
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The Living Standards Measurement Su
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Cultural considerations themselves
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3.3.3 Timing, frequency and period
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In developed countries, it is custo
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A. PURPOSE B. INDICATORS C. SAMPLE
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Active participation through volunt
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Page 79 and 80: Eurostat (2008). The Life of Women
Page 81 and 82: UNESCO-UIS (2006). Guidelines for M
Page 83 and 84: UNESCO (2001). Universal Declaratio
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