gBDkI

Table of contents
- 5 -
Page
Foreword ..................................................................................................................................... iii
Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... iv
Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 7
1.1 Why measure cultural participation? ........................................................................... 7
1.1.1 A fundamental right ......................................................................................... 7
1.1.2 Recognising cultural value .............................................................................. 8
1.1.3 Measuring culture as an important factor in human wellbeing ........................ 8
1.1.4 Changing context and definitional problems ................................................. 10
1.1.5 Evidence-based policy .................................................................................. 10
1.2 The changing undertsanding and nature of cultural activity ..................................... 11
1.3 A global handbook: Aims, goals and instructions for use ......................................... 12
1.3.1 Structure of the handbook ............................................................................. 13
1.3.2 Guidelines for using the handbook ................................................................ 14
Chapter 2. Defining, measuring and understanding cultural participation ......................... 16
2.1 Defining culture and cultural participation ................................................................. 16
2.1.1 A matter of everyday life and a conscious act ............................................... 17
2.1.2 Different patterns of participation .................................................................. 19
2.2 Key issues surrounding cultural participation and measurement implications .......... 20
2.2.1 Frequency, rates and patterns of participation .............................................. 23
2.2.2 Internet, new technologies and other media ................................................. 25
2.2.3 The border between amateur and professional practice ............................... 29
2.2.4 Traditional practices ...................................................................................... 30
2.2.5 Global migration and specific cultural groups ............................................... 31
2.2.6 Social cohesion ............................................................................................. 32
2.2.7 Reasons for and barriers to participating ...................................................... 36
2.2.8 Cross-country comparison ............................................................................ 46
2.2.9 The state of the art: Current cultural participation surveys, themes and
directions ....................................................................................................... 46
2.2.10 Closing remarks: Cultural participation in a wider context ............................. 49
Chapter 3. Measuring cultural participation ........................................................................... 50
3.1 Towards a common approach for measuring cultural participation .......................... 50
3.1.1 An operational definition of cultural participation ........................................... 51
3.2 Basic methods of studying participation ................................................................... 51
3.2.1 The quantitative approach ............................................................................. 54
3.2.2 The qualitative approach ............................................................................... 59