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Table of contents - 5 - Page Foreword ..................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... iv Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Why measure cultural participation? ........................................................................... 7 1.1.1 A fundamental right ......................................................................................... 7 1.1.2 Recognising cultural value .............................................................................. 8 1.1.3 Measuring culture as an important factor in human wellbeing ........................ 8 1.1.4 Changing context and definitional problems ................................................. 10 1.1.5 Evidence-based policy .................................................................................. 10 1.2 The changing undertsanding and nature of cultural activity ..................................... 11 1.3 A global handbook: Aims, goals and instructions for use ......................................... 12 1.3.1 Structure of the handbook ............................................................................. 13 1.3.2 Guidelines for using the handbook ................................................................ 14 Chapter 2. Defining, measuring and understanding cultural participation ......................... 16 2.1 Defining culture and cultural participation ................................................................. 16 2.1.1 A matter of everyday life and a conscious act ............................................... 17 2.1.2 Different patterns of participation .................................................................. 19 2.2 Key issues surrounding cultural participation and measurement implications .......... 20 2.2.1 Frequency, rates and patterns of participation .............................................. 23 2.2.2 Internet, new technologies and other media ................................................. 25 2.2.3 The border between amateur and professional practice ............................... 29 2.2.4 Traditional practices ...................................................................................... 30 2.2.5 Global migration and specific cultural groups ............................................... 31 2.2.6 Social cohesion ............................................................................................. 32 2.2.7 Reasons for and barriers to participating ...................................................... 36 2.2.8 Cross-country comparison ............................................................................ 46 2.2.9 The state of the art: Current cultural participation surveys, themes and directions ....................................................................................................... 46 2.2.10 Closing remarks: Cultural participation in a wider context ............................. 49 Chapter 3. Measuring cultural participation ........................................................................... 50 3.1 Towards a common approach for measuring cultural participation .......................... 50 3.1.1 An operational definition of cultural participation ........................................... 51 3.2 Basic methods of studying participation ................................................................... 51 3.2.1 The quantitative approach ............................................................................. 54 3.2.2 The qualitative approach ............................................................................... 59
3.3 Methodological considerations ................................................................................. 59 3.3.1 Definitions and wording issues ...................................................................... 59 3.3.2 Population and sampling ............................................................................... 60 3.3.3 Timing, frequency and period of reference of the survey .............................. 62 3.3.4 Methods of data collection ............................................................................ 63 3.4 Supplementary guidance on topics linked to cultural participation ........................... 64 3.5 A draft checklist to measure cultural participation .................................................... 64 Chapter 4. Concluding remarks ............................................................................................... 69 4.1 Cultural participation: Policy issues and implications ............................................... 69 4.2 What makes a good cultural participation survey? ................................................... 72 4.3 Concluding remarks .................................................................................................. 72 Annex I. International case studies of surveys on cultural participation ......................... 85 Annex II. Selected literature review .................................................................................... 108 Annex III. Definitions of cultural participation .................................................................... 121 - 6 -
Page 1 and 2: 2695 mEaSUriNG CUltUral PartiCiPati
Page 3 and 4: UNESCO The constitution of the Unit
Page 5: Acknowledments The handbbook is bas
Page 9 and 10: The Rights conferred in the Constit
Page 11 and 12: 1.1.4 Changing context and definiti
Page 13 and 14: spread of piracy easier and more th
Page 15 and 16: 1.3.2. Guidelines for using the han
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 2. Defining, measuring and
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1. Cultural values and ident
Page 21 and 22: iv) Observational Arts Participatio
Page 23 and 24: - A profile of the cultural and her
Page 25 and 26: Did you go to a live ballet perform
Page 27 and 28: “omnivores” and “univores”
Page 29 and 30: When you accessed the Internet, was
Page 31 and 32: The implication of these observatio
Page 33 and 34: other cultural relations and phenom
Page 35 and 36: During the last 3 years, have you b
Page 37 and 38: Cultural participation is about ind
Page 39 and 40: Which of the following activities y
Page 41 and 42: When you were a child, did you take
Page 43 and 44: - I’m going to read some statemen
Page 45 and 46: (for respondents who did not go to
Page 47 and 48: 2.2.8 Cross-country comparison Cros
Page 49 and 50: Another complementary field which h
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 3. Measuring cultural parti
Page 53 and 54: The contrast between the core appro
Page 55 and 56: � Cultural expenditure: typically
Page 57 and 58:
While audience and visitor surveys
Page 59 and 60:
The Living Standards Measurement Su
Page 61 and 62:
Cultural considerations themselves
Page 63 and 64:
3.3.3 Timing, frequency and period
Page 65 and 66:
In developed countries, it is custo
Page 67 and 68:
A. PURPOSE B. INDICATORS C. SAMPLE
Page 69 and 70:
Active participation through volunt
Page 71 and 72:
paid to re-shaping the definition o
Page 73 and 74:
4.2 What makes a good cultural part
Page 75 and 76:
In many cases, when cultural differ
Page 77 and 78:
Last access to links: 5 September 2
Page 79 and 80:
Eurostat (2008). The Life of Women
Page 81 and 82:
UNESCO-UIS (2006). Guidelines for M
Page 83 and 84:
UNESCO (2001). Universal Declaratio
Page 85 and 86:
Ogrodnik, L. Patterns in Culture Co
Page 87 and 88:
Patterns in Culture Consumption and
Page 89 and 90:
Cultural Experience Survey 2002 (Ne
Page 91 and 92:
Encuesta Nacional de Prácticas y C
Page 93 and 94:
A profile of the cultural and herit
Page 95 and 96:
Culture and the Arts Survey, Greate
Page 97 and 98:
Survey on Time Use and Leisure Acti
Page 99 and 100:
attendance. Notes The SPPA surveys
Page 101 and 102:
Latinobarómetro (Latin America, 19
Page 103 and 104:
O hábito de lazer cultural do bras
Page 105 and 106:
CEI2010: Philadelphia Cultural enga
Page 107 and 108:
Cultural Statistics Eurostat 2011 (
Page 109 and 110:
Last access to links: 5 September 2
Page 111 and 112:
emotional, socio-cultural, politica
Page 113 and 114:
After discussing these relationship
Page 115 and 116:
This monograph has specific and con
Page 117 and 118:
National Endowment for the Arts (20
Page 119 and 120:
One last topic mentioned in this pa
Page 121 and 122:
Chapter 2 “Trends in Arts Educati
Page 123 and 124:
framework cultural statistics attem
Page 125 and 126:
National Endowment for the Arts (20
Page 127 and 128:
Novak-Leonard, Jennifer L. and Alan
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