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framework cultural statistics attempt to measure all the activities through which culture is
communicated from person to person and from generation to generation. Eleven cultural domains
were selected: Taonga Tuku Iho, Heritage, Libraries, Literature, Performing Arts, Visual Arts,
Film/Video, Broadcasting, Community and Government Activities, Sports and Recreation and
Nature and Environment.
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Miringoff, Marque-Luisa and Opdycke, Sandra (2005). Arts, Culture and the Social Health of the
Nation 2005. New York: Institute for Innovation in Social Policy.
Accessed at: http://iisp.vassar.edu/artsculture.pdf
This survey treats participation in the arts and culture as a critical component of the social health of
the nation, one that could be measured and monitored on a systematic basis. The general idea is
that participation in the arts and culture occurs not only through the plays we see, the dance
performances and concerts we attend and the art shows we view, but also through the creative
work we do in our daily lives.
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Ostrower, Francie (2005). The diversity of Cultural Participation: Findings of a National
Survey. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
Accessed at: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/311251_cultural_participation.pdf
This survey took a broad and inclusive view of culture, highlighting the diverse venues
where people attend cultural events (such as a church as a cultural venue), and focusing on the
links between cultural and civic participation. Besides the issue of attendance the survey also
conceived of other forms of participation, including production (such as playing an instrument) and
giving time and money.
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Consejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes (2007) Encuesta de Consumo Cultural 2004-2005.
Valparaiso, Chile: Consejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes.
Accessed at: http://www.mcu.es/libro/docs/MC/CD/ENCUESTA_CULTURA_CHILE.pdf
Cultural consumption and participation is considered as a cultural practice, a space for
communication that includes activities like attendance at cultural events, listening to and watching
musical productions and mass media, reading, etc. and other activities such as arts education and
training and amateur arts production.
In every case we are talking about practices where the individuals make use of their cultural
repertoires and resources, their ways to organize the reality and capacity to communicate and
signify.
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Hill Strategies Research Inc. (2007). A profile of the cultural and heritage activities of
Canadians 2005. Canada: Canada Council for the Arts.
Accessed at:
http://www.canadacouncil.ca/publications_e/research/aud_access/lr128352041672320553.htm
The survey only considered cultural participation as containing the following dimensions: attending
live performances; visiting art galleries and museums; visiting historic sites and other heritage
organizations; reading newspapers, magazines, books; watching movies or videos and listening to
recorded music.
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