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Novak-Leonard, Jennifer L. and Alan S. Brown (2011). Beyond Attendance: A Multi-Modal
Understanding of Arts Participation. Washington DC: National Endowment for the Arts.
Accessed at: http://www.nea.gov/research/2008-SPPA-BeyondAttendance.pdf
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Eurostat (2011). Cultural statistics. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Accessed at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-32-10-374/EN/KS-32-10-
374-EN.PDF
The chapter on cultural participation in the EU considers a variety of cultural practices (including
going to the cinema, attending live performances and visiting cultural sites), involvement in artistic
cultural activities, as well as book and newspaper reading patterns. The methodological note on
cultural participation describes the EU-Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) as the
main source of data for the chapter. It is referred to that this survey collects data on frequency of
cinema attendance, frequency of live performance attendance, and frequency of visits to cultural
sites.
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Burlita Augustina, Witek Jolanda (n.d.). The frequency and determinants of participation in
selected cultural forms. The results of research. Department of Marketing, University of
Szczecin, Poland.
Accessed at: http://mikro.univ.szczecin.pl/bp/pdf/44/3.pdf
The survey only considers some very specific forms of cultural participation such as theatrical
performances, opera and operetta, classic music concerts, art exhibitions and galleries, etc.
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