STATE OF THE WORLD'S CITIES 2012/2013 Prosperity

10 Government of Singapore (2010) Singapore Budget 2010 - Towards an Advanced
Economy: Superior Skills, Quality Jobs, Higher Incomes, http://www.mof.gov.sg/
budget_2010/speech_toc/pd.html.
11 Centre for Livable Cities (2011) City Report on Singapore, Unpublished UN-Habitat
background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report 2012/2013”
12 Belliapa, S.G. (2011) City Report on Bangalore, Unpublished UN-Habitat background
study for “State of the World’s Cities Report 2012/2013”
13 Vejella, S. (2011) City Report on Hyderabad, Unpublished UN-Habitat background
study for “State of the World’s Cities Report 2012/2013”
14 Jin, L. and Y. Liu (2011) City Report on Shenzhen, Unpublished UN-Habitat
background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report 2012/2013”
15 The city’s GDP rose from 136.024 billion Yuan in 1997 to 789.424 billion Yuan
in 2010. Even during the serious financial crisis of 2008 and 2009, Chongqing
maintained a high growth rate of GDP of 14% [ Liu, Y. and Y. Wang (2011) City Report
on Chongqing, Unpublished UN-Habitat background study for “State of the World’s
Cities Report 2012/2013”]
16 Kurtul,P. F. (2011) City Report on Gaziantep, Unpublished UN-Habitat background
study for “State of the World’s Cities Report 2012/2013”
17 World Bank (2012) World Bank Data:World Development Indicators & Global
Development Finance, Online database last updated July 9 2012, http://data.
worldbank.org
18 SET-DEV (2011) Technological Responsibility:Guidelines for a shared governance
of the processes of socialisation of scientific research and innovation, within an
interconnected world, http://www.set-dev.eu/images/pdf/setdev-pg2110728?e6227e
3a1ee01ab67932453dd186b586=fe92758461b428418da8873e8a9fc566
19 Ibid.
20 Jin, L. and Y. Liu (2011) op. cit.
21 In ten years of reform and development, the total assets of state-owned enterprises
increased from 160 billion Yuan to one trillion Yuan, nearly seven-fold increase [Liu, Y.
and Y. Wang (2011) op. cit.]
22 UN-Habitat (2010) State of the World’s Cities 2010/2011 : Cities for All: Bridging the
Urban Divide, Earthscan, London
23 UN-Habitat (2010) ‘Scaling New Heights: New Ideas in Urban Planning’, Urban World,
Vol. 1, Issue, 4, October. Nairobi.
24 James, P.A., K. Deiglmeier and D. T. Miller (2008) ‘Rediscovering Social Innovations’,
Stanford Social Innovation Review, http://www.ssireview.org/articles/entry/
rediscovering_social_innovation/
25 Castells, M. (1996) The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture – Volume 1 –
The Rise of the Network Society, Blackwell, Oxford
26 James, P.A., K. Deiglmeier and D. T. Miller (2008) op. cit.
27 Soja, E. W. (2010), Seeking Spatial Justice, University of Minnesota Press,
Minneapolis
28 Cohen, M.(2012), Reinventing the Future: Designing Urban 3.0, unpublished proposal
for UN-Habitat Habitat 3 Summit.
29 Clos, J. (2012) Urbanization Challenges of the 21st Century, Unpublished document,
UN-Habitat, Nairobi
30 Belliapa, S.G. (2011) City Report on Bangalore. Unpublished UN-Habitat background
study for “State of the World’s Cities Report 2012/2013”
31 Flyvbjerg, B. (1996) ‘The Dark Side of Planning: Rationality and Realrationalität,’ in
Seymour, M., Mazza ,L., and R. Burchell (eds.), Explorations in Planning Theory ,
Center for Urban Policy Research Press, New Brunswick, NJ. pp. 383-394.
32 Viana, I. (2011) City Report on Montevideo, Unpublished UN-Habitat background
study for “State of the World’s Cities Report 2012/2013”
33 López, E. M. (2011), New Urban Planning: Going Back to Basics, Unpublished
document, UN-Habitat, Nairobi
34 Kothari, M. and S. Chaudhry (2009), Taking the right to the city forward: Obstacles
and promise, background paper for ‘State of the World Cities Report 2010/11’
35 Briney, A. (2009) New Urbanism is Taking Planning to a New Level, http://geography.
about.com/od/urbaneconomicgeography/a/newurbanism.htm
36 Clos, J. (2012) op.cit. This ‘global standardization process’ is also referred by
professionals like David Mangin (Mangin, D. (2004) La Ville franchisée: Formes et
structures de la ville contemporaine, Editions de la Villette, Paris
Innovating to Support the Transition to the City of the 21st Century
121
37 Buhigas, M. (2012), Efficient Urban Planning and Management, background paper for
‘State of the World Cities Report 2012/13’
38 Castellanos, G. (2011) City Report on Santo Domingo. Unpublished UN-Habitat
background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report 2012/2013”
39 A highest percentage of respondents in all regions found that planning and
management is the most important factor, while the majority of respondents in LAC
opined that decentralization of policies and appropriate laws and regulation plays a
more important role.
40 ONU-HÁBITAT (2012) El estado de las ciudades de América Latina y el Caribe 2012,
ONU-HÁBITAT ,Rio de Janeiro (to be published)
41 Earth Right Institute (2011), Land Rights and Land Value Capture, http://www.
earthrights.net/docs/long_form_brochure_lrlvc.html; UN-Habitat (2008), Municipal
financing and urban development, UN-Habitat , Nairobi
42 Mendoza, I. R. (2011) City Report on Panama City, Unpublished UN-Habitat
background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report 2012/2013”
43 The notion of fixed social capital, which encompasses all assets of society that are
not mobile (or soft) but are solid and owned by the public is equivalent to the ‘public
goods’ mentioned in this chapter.
44 UNIDO (2008) Public Goods for Economic Development, UNIDO, Vienna, http://www.
unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Publications/documents/Public%20goods%20
for%20economic%20development_sale.pdf
45 The CLEAR Network (2006), Urban Planning and Smart Growth, http://www.clear.
london.ca/Urban_Planning.html
46 Kimmelman, M. (2012), ‘A City Rises, Along With Its Hopes’, New York Times, May 18,
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/20/arts/design/fighting-crime-with-architecturein-medellin-colombia.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all.
47 Sen, A. K., (1999) ‘Democracy as a universal Value’, Journal of Democracy , vol 10
(3), Washington, DC, pp. 3-17
48 ‘Cities have always been exposed to brutal economic pressures from overseas;
the nation state has always, to a greater or smaller extent, tried to cushion these
pressures.’ [Pierre, J. (2011) The Politics of Urban Governance Palgrave Macmillan,
Basingstoke]
49 Menski, W. (2006) Comparative Law in a Global Context: The Legal Systems of Asia
and Africa, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
50 ‘It could well be argued that the growing significance of non-elected actors in
urban politics in many countries only increases the need for political control and
accountability.’ [Pierre, J. (2011) op.cit.]
51 Pierre, J. (2011) op.cit.
52 Fernandes, E. and M.M.M. Copello (2009) ‘Law and Land Policy in Latin America:
Shifting Paradigms and Possibilities for Action’, Land Lines, Lincoln Institute of Land
Policy, Cambridge, MA
53 Fernandes, E. (2007a)’ Implementing the urban reform agenda in Brazil’, Environment
& Urbanization Vol 19(1), pp. 177–189
54 Fernandes, E. (2007b) “Constructing the `Right to the City’ in Brazil”, Social & Legal
Studies, Vol. 16(2), pp. 201-219;
55 UN-Habitat database (2012).
56 See, for instance, Gehl, J. (2010) Cities for People, Island Press, Washington DC.
57 Mendoza, I. R. (2011) City Report on Panama City, Unpublished UN-Habitat
background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report 2012/2013”
58 Castellanos, G. (2011) City Report on Santo Domingo, Unpublished UN-Habitat
background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report 2012/2013”
59 Talen, E. (2012) City Rules: How Regulations Affect Urban Form, Island Press,
Washington DC.
60 Karvinen, M. (2005) Innovation and creativity strategies in Helsinki Metropolitan Area
– reinvention of regional governance, proceedings of the 41st ISoCaRP Congress
2005, Bilbao, Spain
61 Berman, Harold. J. (1983) Law and Revolution: The formation of the Western Legal
Tradition, vol. 1, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Menski (2006) op.cit.
62 Bourdieu, P. (2012) Sur l’Etat – Cours au Collège de France 1989-1992, Raisons
d’Agir/Seuil, Paris
63 Berman (1983) op. cit.; Sassen, S. (2006) Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval
to Global Assemblages, Princeton University Press, Princeton