10 Government of Singapore (2010) Singapore Budget 2010 - Towards an Advanced Economy: Superior Skills, Quality Jobs, Higher Incomes, http://www.mof.gov.sg/ budget_2010/speech_toc/pd.html. 11 Centre for Livable Cities (2011) City Report on Singapore, Unpublished UN-Habitat background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report <strong>2012</strong>/<strong>2013</strong>” 12 Belliapa, S.G. (2011) City Report on Bangalore, Unpublished UN-Habitat background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report <strong>2012</strong>/<strong>2013</strong>” 13 Vejella, S. (2011) City Report on Hyderabad, Unpublished UN-Habitat background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report <strong>2012</strong>/<strong>2013</strong>” 14 Jin, L. and Y. Liu (2011) City Report on Shenzhen, Unpublished UN-Habitat background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report <strong>2012</strong>/<strong>2013</strong>” 15 The city’s GDP rose from 136.024 billion Yuan in 1997 to 789.424 billion Yuan in 2010. Even during the serious financial crisis of 2008 and 2009, Chongqing maintained a high growth rate of GDP of 14% [ Liu, Y. and Y. Wang (2011) City Report on Chongqing, Unpublished UN-Habitat background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report <strong>2012</strong>/<strong>2013</strong>”] 16 Kurtul,P. F. (2011) City Report on Gaziantep, Unpublished UN-Habitat background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report <strong>2012</strong>/<strong>2013</strong>” 17 World Bank (<strong>2012</strong>) World Bank Data:World Development Indicators & Global Development Finance, Online database last updated July 9 <strong>2012</strong>, http://data. worldbank.org 18 SET-DEV (2011) Technological Responsibility:Guidelines for a shared governance of the processes of socialisation of scientific research and innovation, within an interconnected world, http://www.set-dev.eu/images/pdf/setdev-pg2110728?e6227e 3a1ee01ab67932453dd186b586=fe92758461b428418da8873e8a9fc566 19 Ibid. 20 Jin, L. and Y. Liu (2011) op. cit. 21 In ten years of reform and development, the total assets of state-owned enterprises increased from 160 billion Yuan to one trillion Yuan, nearly seven-fold increase [Liu, Y. and Y. Wang (2011) op. cit.] 22 UN-Habitat (2010) State of the World’s Cities 2010/2011 : Cities for All: Bridging the Urban Divide, Earthscan, London 23 UN-Habitat (2010) ‘Scaling New Heights: New Ideas in Urban Planning’, Urban World, Vol. 1, Issue, 4, October. Nairobi. 24 James, P.A., K. Deiglmeier and D. T. Miller (2008) ‘Rediscovering Social Innovations’, Stanford Social Innovation Review, http://www.ssireview.org/articles/entry/ rediscovering_social_innovation/ 25 Castells, M. (1996) The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture – Volume 1 – The Rise of the Network Society, Blackwell, Oxford 26 James, P.A., K. Deiglmeier and D. T. Miller (2008) op. cit. 27 Soja, E. W. (2010), Seeking Spatial Justice, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis 28 Cohen, M.(<strong>2012</strong>), Reinventing the Future: Designing Urban 3.0, unpublished proposal for UN-Habitat Habitat 3 Summit. 29 Clos, J. (<strong>2012</strong>) Urbanization Challenges of the 21st Century, Unpublished document, UN-Habitat, Nairobi 30 Belliapa, S.G. (2011) City Report on Bangalore. Unpublished UN-Habitat background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report <strong>2012</strong>/<strong>2013</strong>” 31 Flyvbjerg, B. (1996) ‘The Dark Side of Planning: Rationality and Realrationalität,’ in Seymour, M., Mazza ,L., and R. Burchell (eds.), Explorations in Planning Theory , Center for Urban Policy Research Press, New Brunswick, NJ. pp. 383-394. 32 Viana, I. (2011) City Report on Montevideo, Unpublished UN-Habitat background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report <strong>2012</strong>/<strong>2013</strong>” 33 López, E. M. (2011), New Urban Planning: Going Back to Basics, Unpublished document, UN-Habitat, Nairobi 34 Kothari, M. and S. Chaudhry (2009), Taking the right to the city forward: Obstacles and promise, background paper for ‘State of the World Cities Report 2010/11’ 35 Briney, A. (2009) New Urbanism is Taking Planning to a New Level, http://geography. about.com/od/urbaneconomicgeography/a/newurbanism.htm 36 Clos, J. (<strong>2012</strong>) op.cit. This ‘global standardization process’ is also referred by professionals like David Mangin (Mangin, D. (2004) La Ville franchisée: Formes et structures de la ville contemporaine, Editions de la Villette, Paris Innovating to Support the Transition to the City of the 21st Century 121 37 Buhigas, M. (<strong>2012</strong>), Efficient Urban Planning and Management, background paper for ‘State of the World Cities Report <strong>2012</strong>/13’ 38 Castellanos, G. (2011) City Report on Santo Domingo. Unpublished UN-Habitat background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report <strong>2012</strong>/<strong>2013</strong>” 39 A highest percentage of respondents in all regions found that planning and management is the most important factor, while the majority of respondents in LAC opined that decentralization of policies and appropriate laws and regulation plays a more important role. 40 ONU-HÁBITAT (<strong>2012</strong>) El estado de las ciudades de América Latina y el Caribe <strong>2012</strong>, ONU-HÁBITAT ,Rio de Janeiro (to be published) 41 Earth Right Institute (2011), Land Rights and Land Value Capture, http://www. earthrights.net/docs/long_form_brochure_lrlvc.html; UN-Habitat (2008), Municipal financing and urban development, UN-Habitat , Nairobi 42 Mendoza, I. R. (2011) City Report on Panama City, Unpublished UN-Habitat background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report <strong>2012</strong>/<strong>2013</strong>” 43 The notion of fixed social capital, which encompasses all assets of society that are not mobile (or soft) but are solid and owned by the public is equivalent to the ‘public goods’ mentioned in this chapter. 44 UNIDO (2008) Public Goods for Economic Development, UNIDO, Vienna, http://www. unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Publications/documents/Public%20goods%20 for%20economic%20development_sale.pdf 45 The CLEAR Network (2006), Urban Planning and Smart Growth, http://www.clear. london.ca/Urban_Planning.html 46 Kimmelman, M. (<strong>2012</strong>), ‘A City Rises, Along With Its Hopes’, New York Times, May 18, http://www.nytimes.com/<strong>2012</strong>/05/20/arts/design/fighting-crime-with-architecturein-medellin-colombia.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all. 47 Sen, A. K., (1999) ‘Democracy as a universal Value’, Journal of Democracy , vol 10 (3), Washington, DC, pp. 3-17 48 ‘Cities have always been exposed to brutal economic pressures from overseas; the nation state has always, to a greater or smaller extent, tried to cushion these pressures.’ [Pierre, J. (2011) The Politics of Urban Governance Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke] 49 Menski, W. (2006) Comparative Law in a Global Context: The Legal Systems of Asia and Africa, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 50 ‘It could well be argued that the growing significance of non-elected actors in urban politics in many countries only increases the need for political control and accountability.’ [Pierre, J. (2011) op.cit.] 51 Pierre, J. (2011) op.cit. 52 Fernandes, E. and M.M.M. Copello (2009) ‘Law and Land Policy in Latin America: Shifting Paradigms and Possibilities for Action’, Land Lines, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge, MA 53 Fernandes, E. (2007a)’ Implementing the urban reform agenda in Brazil’, Environment & Urbanization Vol 19(1), pp. 177–189 54 Fernandes, E. (2007b) “Constructing the `Right to the City’ in Brazil”, Social & Legal Studies, Vol. 16(2), pp. 201-219; 55 UN-Habitat database (<strong>2012</strong>). 56 See, for instance, Gehl, J. (2010) Cities for People, Island Press, Washington DC. 57 Mendoza, I. R. (2011) City Report on Panama City, Unpublished UN-Habitat background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report <strong>2012</strong>/<strong>2013</strong>” 58 Castellanos, G. (2011) City Report on Santo Domingo, Unpublished UN-Habitat background study for “State of the World’s Cities Report <strong>2012</strong>/<strong>2013</strong>” 59 Talen, E. (<strong>2012</strong>) City Rules: How Regulations Affect Urban Form, Island Press, Washington DC. 60 Karvinen, M. (2005) Innovation and creativity strategies in Helsinki Metropolitan Area – reinvention of regional governance, proceedings of the 41st ISoCaRP Congress 2005, Bilbao, Spain 61 Berman, Harold. J. (1983) Law and Revolution: The formation of the Western Legal Tradition, vol. 1, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Menski (2006) op.cit. 62 Bourdieu, P. (<strong>2012</strong>) Sur l’Etat – Cours au Collège de France 1989-1992, Raisons d’Agir/Seuil, Paris 63 Berman (1983) op. cit.; Sassen, S. (2006) Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages, Princeton University Press, Princeton
Statistical Annex Table 1: City <strong>Prosperity</strong> Index and components Table 1 City <strong>Prosperity</strong> Index and components Country City City <strong>Prosperity</strong> Index (CPI) with 5 Dimensions GENERAL DISCLAIMER The designations employed and presentation of the data in the Statistical Annex do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Table 2: Proportion of urban population living in slums and urban slum population, by country 1990-2009 Table 3: Urban population, proportion of urban population living in slum area and urban slum population, by region, 1990-<strong>2012</strong> Table 4: City population and city population growth rate of urban agglomerations with 750,000 Inhabitants or More in 2009, by Country, 1950-2025 (thousands) Table 5: Urban Population and Urbanization by Country, 1990-2030 City <strong>Prosperity</strong> Index (CPI) with 4 Dimensions* 122 Productivity Index Quality of life Index Infrastructure Index Enivronment Index Austria Vienna 0.925 0.936 0.939 0.882 0.996 0.932 0.883 United States New York 0.825 0.934 0.940 0.866 0.994 0.941 0.502 Canada Toronto 0.890 0.934 0.874 0.907 0.997 0.963 0.733 United Kingdom London 0.904 0.934 0.923 0.898 0.997 0.920 0.793 Sweden Stockholm 0.898 0.934 0.896 0.925 0.995 0.921 0.767 Finland Helsinki 0.924 0.933 0.890 0.905 0.997 0.944 0.890 Ireland Dublin 0.913 0.929 0.901 0.867 0.996 0.958 0.850 Norway Oslo 0.924 0.929 0.870 0.914 0.997 0.939 0.903 France Paris 0.897 0.927 0.895 0.925 0.996 0.895 0.788 Japan Tokyo 0.905 0.925 0.850 0.931 0.989 0.936 0.828 Australia Melbourne 0.903 0.925 0.867 0.875 0.996 0.967 0.820 New Zealand Auckland 0.862 0.922 0.854 0.889 0.994 0.958 0.657 Netherlands Amsterdam 0.895 0.915 0.866 0.872 0.995 0.933 0.818 Switzerland Zurich 0.884 0.914 0.868 0.858 0.997 0.941 0.772 Denmark Copenhagen 0.913 0.911 0.855 0.871 0.997 0.928 0.922 Belgium Brussels 0.883 0.910 0.862 0.864 0.997 0.922 0.783 Spain Barcelona 0.876 0.909 0.829 0.912 0.995 0.908 0.755 Italy Milan 0.870 0.908 0.868 0.895 0.997 0.876 0.733 Poland Warsaw 0.883 0.901 0.846 0.864 0.990 0.911 0.817 Portugal Lisbon 0.853 0.899 0.827 0.867 0.995 0.916 0.692 Hungary Budapest 0.881 0.894 0.808 0.867 0.990 0.921 0.833 Greece Athens 0.862 0.889 0.800 0.885 0.996 0.884 0.762 Czech Republic Prague 0.871 0.882 0.855 0.771 0.992 0.926 0.827 Republic of Korea Seoul 0.861 0.876 0.801 0.903 0.989 0.822 0.807 Russia Moscow 0.793 0.870 0.806 0.813 0.960 0.908 0.550 Brazil São Paulo 0.757 0.836 0.742 0.803 0.918 0.894 0.507 Equity Index
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