STATE OF THE WORLD'S CITIES 2012/2013 Prosperity

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PLACING EQUITy ON THE DEvELOPMENT AGENDA UN-Habitat policy analysis shows that in most developed countries, concerns for socio-economic equity are typically built into concerted actions from local and national governments. This will usually result in urban policies promoting inclusion, diversity, multi-ethnicity, affirmative action, positive discrimination and pro-poor planning. This in turn can take the form of wide-ranging programmes and actions, from strategic positioning of educational and recreational centres to low-cost housing to quota systems to encourage minority engagement in local politics and representation, as well as targeted subsidies and financial support for new businesses. Similar policies and dedicated institutions are found at the municipal level in most developed countries and in some emerging economies. Local experts in the UN-Habitat survey believe that equity is primarily the responsibility of public authorities; where a failure of political will, or indifference, are to blame for deficient, or total lack of, effective policy. Such failure can be identified at national or local level. In the survey, local experts in Nairobi, Luanda, Kuwait City, Lahore, Figure 2.4.3 Most notable policy or action the city is implementing to be more equitable per cent 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Vocational education and training to enable skills development Cash transfers and other forms of �nancial support for disadvantaged groups Other 75 Equity and the Prosperity of Cities Lima, Fort-de-France, Erbil and Saida felt that national POLICy governments showed little concern for inequity whereas local experts in Alexandria, Algiers, Hyderabad, Guadalajara, Panama City, Beirut and Doha report that it is local policymakers who show little concern for equity. Elsewhere, local experts report that some cities prioritize equity in planning and policy strategies. Figure 2.4.3 summarises the types of action they use. In African and Asian cities in the UN-Habitat survey, pro-poor vocational training and skills programmes are emphasised, with some projects explicitly targeting the poor and Addressing inequities requires political will, strong institutions and welltargeted policies. Easier access to employment and opportunities Financial incentives for the urban poor None FACT Institutions are not fully contributing to equity. Rulers lack interest and ineffective governments are hampering the potential for more equitable cities. New rules and regulations to promote equitable development Speci�c projects targeting the poor & marginalized Africa Asia LAC Arab States All regions
State of the World’s Cities 2012/2013 marginalised. Singapore offers a clear example of repeated commitment by the government to education and training for all in an environment that promotes productivity and social mobility. In Ho Chi Minh City, government-led promotion of the high-tech (IT) and service sectors offers widespread new opportunities for communities to switch away from conventional manual labour. 20 In Africa, Addis Ababa’s Micro and Small Enterprises Development Strategy targets the unemployed. 21 Johannesburg enhances the skills of poor communities, expanding access to education and 76 Medellín, Colombia: children enjoy education at a junior school. © Jez Coulson/Panos Pictures training. In Latin American and Caribbean countries, some experts cited cash transfers and other financial assistance in support of marginalised groups, such as Brazil’s “Bolsa Familia” and Mexico’s “Oportunidades” programme. In Arab cities, local experts found that new rules and regulations did promote equitable development.
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PRODUCTIVITY ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINA
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Copyright © United Nations Human S
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Foreword This is a time of crises.
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Acknowledgements CORE TEAM Director
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Chapter 1.1 Conceptualizing Urban P
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State of the World’s Cities 2012/
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Page 35 and 36: Part Two
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Page 79 and 80: Chapter 2.5 Environmental Sustainab
Page 89: Part Three Policies for Prosperous
Page 92 and 93: 91 From Comparative Advantage to Ur
Page 94 and 95: Urban planning can contribute to th
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Page 100 and 101: urban poor, particularly in slums a
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Page 108 and 109: model to rebuild local government a
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Page 112 and 113: Working on the five ‘spokes’: I
Page 114 and 115: As suggested earlier, it is in the
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Page 118 and 119: Box 3.2.3 Individual versus collect
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Page 122 and 123: 10 Government of Singapore (2010) S
Page 124 and 125: Table 1 City Prosperity Index and c
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Table 2 Proportion of urban populat
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Urban Slum Population at Mid-year b
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Country/City BRAzIL City Population
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Country/City Table 4 City Populatio
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Country/City City Population of Urb
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Country/City InDIA Table 4 City Pop
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Country/City IRELAnD City Populatio
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Country/City myAnmAR City Populatio
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Urban Population (’000) Level of
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