STATE OF THE WORLD'S CITIES 2012/2013 Prosperity

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Chapter 1.2 Urban and Regional Trends MORE THAN HALF OF THE WORLD IS NOW URBAN It is really remarkable that only one century ago, two out of 10 people in the world were living in urban areas. In the least developed countries, this proportion was as low as five per cent, as the overwhelming majority was living in rural areas. The world has been rapidly urbanizing since then and, in some countries and regions, at an unprecedented pace. It was only two years ago that humankind took a historic step when, for the first time in history, the urban outnumbered the rural population. This milestone marked the advent of a new “urban millennium” and, by the middle of this century, it is expected that out of every 10 people on the planet, seven will be living in urban areas. Interestingly, only 60 years ago or so (1950), the number of people living in urban centres was slightly higher in the developed nations (54 per cent, or 442 million) compared with developing countries. Today, of every 10 urban residents in the world more than seven are found in developing countries, which are also hosts to an overwhelming proportion of humankind (82 per cent of the world’s population). Moreover, it is estimated that, between 2010 and 2015, some 200,000 people on average will be added to the world’s urban population each day. Worth noting is that 91 per cent of this daily increase (or 183,000) is expected to take place in developing countries. 25 Urban Change in Developed Countries URBAN POPULATION GROWTH IS NExT TO STAGNANT In the more advanced nations, urban population growth is next to stagnant (0.67 per cent on an annual average basis since 2010), which represents an additional six million or so every year. In Europe, the annual increase is only two million. By comparison, the aggregate annual population increase in six major developing-country cities – New Delhi and Mumbai (India), Dhaka (Bangladesh), Lagos (Nigeria), Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo) and Karachi (Pakistan) – is higher than Europe’s entire population. Population in North American cities was the least slow of all those in the developed world between 2005 and 2010, particularly in the United States (one per cent on average). The Growth, Decline and Prosperity of Cities: There is no clear association between the demographic growth or decline of cities and their degrees of prosperity. Although population numbers have declined in a number of cities in Western Europe, Canada and New Zealand, this did not affect living standards, which in some cases even improved. On the other hand, and as might be expected, population declines in a number of cities in Eastern Europe and the United States of America are strongly associated with economic decay. The deterioration of inner city conditions (deserted FACT In the last 20 years, the proportions of European cities with demographic growth rates over one per cent and of those with population declines were comparable.
State of the World’s Cities 2012/2013 POLICy Cities must create the conditions (and record accurate data) that will enable them to understand and anticipate trends, including the growth or decline of some areas or regions, if they are to be in a position to develop expansionary or recovery strategies. China, Ruili, Yunnan Province. Dai minority threshing rice harvest in fields which are gradually being swallowed by this booming border city. © Mark Henley/Panos Pictures 26
Page 1 and 2: PRODUCTIVITY ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINA
Page 3 and 4: Copyright © United Nations Human S
Page 5 and 6: Foreword This is a time of crises.
Page 7: Acknowledgements CORE TEAM Director
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State of the World’s Cities 2012/
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Chapter 2.5 Environmental Sustainab
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Part Three Policies for Prosperous
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91 From Comparative Advantage to Ur
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Urban planning can contribute to th
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participation and erodes the relati
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providing adequate infrastructure a
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urban poor, particularly in slums a
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cities, the business environment is
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Chapter 3.2 Innovating to Support t
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Innovating to Support the Transitio
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model to rebuild local government a
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exceptions, modern urban planning h
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Working on the five ‘spokes’: I
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As suggested earlier, it is in the
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Urban Planning/Design & Prosperity
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Box 3.2.3 Individual versus collect
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uilding codes to support urban refo
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10 Government of Singapore (2010) S
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Table 1 City Prosperity Index and c
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Table 2 Proportion of urban populat
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Urban Slum Population at Mid-year b
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Country/City BRAzIL City Population
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Country/City Table 4 City Populatio
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Country/City City Population of Urb
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Country/City InDIA Table 4 City Pop
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Country/City IRELAnD City Populatio
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Country/City myAnmAR City Populatio
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Urban Population (’000) Level of
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STATE OF THE WORLD'S CITIES 2012/2013 Prosperity

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