STATE OF THE WORLD'S CITIES 2012/2013 Prosperity

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where they are located. These new configurations are more and more spatially connected and functionally bound by their economic and environmental ties, at times even socially and politically. They play an increasing role in the creation and distribution of prosperity far beyond their own specific geographic areas. Large urban configurations, as grouped in networks of cities, amplify the benefits of economies of agglomeration, increasing efficiencies and enhancing connectivity. They also generate economies of scale that are beneficial in terms of labour markets, as well as transport and communication infrastructure, which in turn increase local consumer demand. ENHANCING PROSPERITy IN LARGE URBAN CONFIGURATIONS: THE 5 DIMENSIONS Large urban configurations concentrate so many resources and opportunities that give substance to the five dimensions of prosperity: productivity, infrastructural development, quality of life, equity and social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. Enhanced productivity: Planning large urban configurations as a ‘portfolio’ of functional and complementary areas of specialization can lead to more diversified economies, capitalizing on the comparative advantages of each city within the large agglomeration 31 FACT and developing a strong regional vision for the whole large configuration. For instance, in the Pearl River Delta mega-region in China, each of the cities capitalizes on its comparative strengths, and contributes to the overall prosperity of the large configuration. Infrastructural development: Transport infrastructure improves Urban and Regional Trends A critical mass of people, ideas, infrastructure and resources acts as a magnet of development, attracting migrants, private firms, investors and developers. All of this enhances the prospects for more employment opportunities, wealth creation, innovation and knowledge, which are all major factors of prosperity. POLICy It is in a city’s interest to establish linkages with other neighbouring urban areas for the sake of complementary functions in order to acquire a strong collective regional identity, in the process achieving greater economic momentum than if they remain in isolation. India, Tirupur, Tamil Nadu.Workers at a textile factory in Tirupur. There are some 7,000 garment factories in the city, providing employment to close to one million people. © Atul Loke/Panos Pictures
State of the World’s Cities 2012/2013 connectivity and spatially integrates the networks of cities that make up the urban/regional configuration. The large economically prosperous cities of Shanghai, Guangzhou and Beijing have invested in infrastructure to connect peripheral towns and POLICy enhance the large urban configuration. Beijing has extended 304 km of roads to link all ‘administrative villages’ to the city (2005). Shanghai has built 750 km of highways to integrate the rural hinterland (2007). Investments in transport infrastructure and related reforms, including finance and regulations, deliver major economic benefits, contributing to poverty alleviation and improving quality of life. POLICy Cities and regional governments should encourage social and institutional innovations that can level out socio-spatial inequalities; this can include tax revenue transfers among urban authorities within the large urban configuration, or revenue-sharing, or equalization grants. POLICy New or strengthened, more effective local and regional institutions, new linkages and alliances across the three tiers of government, together with a comprehensive vision with clear plans favouring inclusiveness, are all crucial for equitable development and prosperity. 32 China: high-speed train in Lujiazui City, the financial district of Shanghai. Bullet trains in China substantially reduce transit times between cities, a 140 km journey taking only 30 minutes. © ArtisticPhoto/Shutterstock.com Guangzhou has completed extensive networks of roads, electricity and water distribution to all neighbouring rural settlements with more than 100 residents (2007). 15 Equity and social inclusion: The market-driven logic of scale economies can interfere with equitable distribution, such as unregulated land markets, spatial segregation, extreme income inequalities and uneven development. Speculative real estate development in many of these large urban configurations effectively excludes not only the poor, but even the middle class, POLICy from formal land markets, creating an uneven patchwork of privilege and underprivilege across large urban areas. Quality of life: When city leaders cooperate, rather than compete, in a number of areas (crime, poverty, social inequalities, Increasing evidence shows that interventions to promote quality of life have clear positive effects on the other dimensions of prosperity. Unsurprisingly, progress on the other dimensions of prosperity is found to enhance quality of life.
Page 1 and 2: PRODUCTIVITY ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINA
Page 3 and 4: Copyright © United Nations Human S
Page 5 and 6: Foreword This is a time of crises.
Page 7: Acknowledgements CORE TEAM Director
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1.1 Conceptualizing Urban P
Page 13 and 14: State of the World’s Cities 2012/
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Page 35 and 36: Part Two
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 2.1 Productivity and the Pr
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 2.2 Urban Infrastructure: B
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 2.4 Equity and the Prosperi
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 2.5 Environmental Sustainab
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State of the World’s Cities 2012/
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Part Three Policies for Prosperous
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91 From Comparative Advantage to Ur
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Urban planning can contribute to th
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participation and erodes the relati
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providing adequate infrastructure a
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urban poor, particularly in slums a
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cities, the business environment is
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Chapter 3.2 Innovating to Support t
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Innovating to Support the Transitio
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model to rebuild local government a
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exceptions, modern urban planning h
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Working on the five ‘spokes’: I
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As suggested earlier, it is in the
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Urban Planning/Design & Prosperity
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Box 3.2.3 Individual versus collect
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uilding codes to support urban refo
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10 Government of Singapore (2010) S
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Table 1 City Prosperity Index and c
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Table 2 Proportion of urban populat
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Urban Slum Population at Mid-year b
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Country/City BRAzIL City Population
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Country/City Table 4 City Populatio
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Country/City City Population of Urb
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Country/City InDIA Table 4 City Pop
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Country/City IRELAnD City Populatio
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Country/City myAnmAR City Populatio
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Urban Population (’000) Level of
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STATE OF THE WORLD'S CITIES 2012/2013 Prosperity

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