framework for the implementation of a virtual design studio model in ...

estructuring old ideas to produce new innovations. Others 178 relate
creativity to originality and uniqueness of idea. De Bono 179 stresses that
“No one calls creativity something that they dislike.”
Research 180 , 181 has been active in finding approaches to studying
creativity. Creativity has been long dominated by the psychometric
approach. 182 It has been explained by two methods of thinking:
convergent and divergent thinking 183 . De Bono 184 suggested the terms
“vertical thinking” and “lateral thinking”; others refer to “left hemisphere”
and “right hemisphere”. 185 Guilford 186 and Torrance 187 both concentrated
on divergent thinking as the bases for creativity, yet it is generally
accepted that design problem solving involves divergent and convergent
thinking. Lawson 188 argues that both thought processes are required in
science:
Some artists work in an entirely original and creative way, while others
may follow traditions, developing ideas but not breaking fundamentally
new ground. Not all artists are generally considered highly creative, but
even those that clearly demonstrate the qualities of perseverance and
single-mindness are not usually associated with divergent thought.
Lawson 189 affirms that multi-thinking is required in the process of design,
and limiting one-way thinking is not helping the production of innovative
design. Others 190 also assert the importance of understanding the
178
Coyne, R. (1995). Designing information technology in the postmodern age: From method to
metaphor. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
179
DeBono, E. (1991). Teaching Thinking. London: Penquin Books.
180
Siddiqui, Z. S. (2008). op.cit. p226-236.
181
Sternberg R., J. (2006). Op.cit. p87-98.
182 Guilford, J. P. (1981). op.cit. p1-5
183 Ibid. p1-5
184 DeBono, E. (1967). New Think: The Use of Lateral Thinking in the Generation of New Ideas. New York:
Basic Books.
185 Michael Tovey, (1986). ‘Thinking styles and modeling systems’, Design Studies. 7. (1). p20-30
186 Guilford, J. P. (1950). ’Creativity’. American Psychologist, 5, p444–454.
187 Torrance, E. P. (1998). The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking Norms-Technical Manual Figural
(Streamlined) Forms A & B. Bensenville, IL: Scholastic Testing Service.
188 Lawson, B. R. (2004). ‘Schemata, gambits and precedent: Some factors in design expertise’. Design
Studies, 25(5), p443-457.
189 Ibid. p 443-457.
190 Schmitt, N, G., Chen, C. C. (1991). ‘Classes of design classes of methods classes of tools’, Design
Studies. 12. (4). p246-251
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