Parties, Candidates and Citizens On-Line - Åbo Akademi

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List of figures A. Introduction: Figure 1. Typology of four on-line political environments ......................................... 19 Article I: Figure 1. Likely scenarios of on-line electoral competition in different media settings ................................................................................................................. 39 Article IV: Figure 1. Theoretical model outlining candidate-related factors linked to each candidate’s internet campaigning .................................................................... 123 C. Summary & conclusions: Figure 1. The Finnish on-line political environment .................................................... 180
List of tables Article I: Table 1. Operationalizations of the variables ............................................................46 Table 2. Description of cases (see Appendix for a list of the studies) ..................47 Table 3. Thruth table depicting the distribution of cases ........................................47 Article II: Table 1. Producer types of the Finnish electoral web sphere .................................67 Table 2. Information features by producer types. Figures are the percentage of sites including a specific feature ...................................69 Table 3. Engagement features by producer types. Figures are the percentage of sites including a specific feature ...................................71 Table 4. Candidates on-line: a European comparison .............................................72 Table 5. A Logistic regression model predicting the candidates’ use of websites .................................................................................................73 Table 6. Three clusters of candidates’ websites: mean scores on the information and engagement indices ..............................................73 Table 7. Characteristics of the candidates belonging to the clusters (percentages) ..............................................................................75 Table 8. Logistic regression models predicting the voters’ web use.......................77 Table 9. The importance attached to different sources by age groups .................78 Article III: Table 1. Party questionnaire index scores ..................................................................94 Table 2. Two clusters of parties: mean scores on the questionnaire indexes .......96 Table 3. Party questionnaire clusters: the associated parties ...................................97 Table 4. Contents of the Finnish parties’ websites: index scores ...........................99 Table 5. Two clusters of party websites: mean scores on the website content index ...........................................................................100 Table 6. Party website clusters: the associated parties ............................................101
Page 1 and 2: Kim Strandberg Studies of Politics
Page 4: PARTIES, CANDIDATES AND CITIZENS ON
Page 7 and 8: CIP Cataloguing in Publication Stra
Page 9 and 10: Jag vill även ta tillfället i akt
Page 11: C. Summary & Conclusions ..........
Page 16: A. Introduction
Page 19 and 20: 26; Römmele 2003, 9-11). Therefore
Page 21 and 22: these scholarly visions (e.g. Corra
Page 23 and 24: 2003b; Gibson & Ward 2002). Regardi
Page 25 and 26: Some further comments regarding the
Page 27 and 28: for citizens’ participation and p
Page 29 and 30: providing the kind of structure for
Page 31 and 32: To further examine the central comp
Page 33 and 34: Scholars have noted that some of th
Page 35 and 36: • In the third article (Strandber
Page 37 and 38: References Barber, B. 1984. Strong
Page 39 and 40: Lusoli, W. 2005b. “The Internet a
Page 42: B. The articles
Page 45 and 46: Introduction Two specific theories
Page 47 and 48: proportional systems. It is therefo
Page 49 and 50: egulation of political advertising
Page 51 and 52: Because the study is case-oriented
Page 53 and 54: the discussion of the variable, the
Page 55 and 56: Table 1. Operationalizations of the
Page 57 and 58: There were no contradicting cases f
Page 59 and 60: dramatically if a different coding
Page 61 and 62: of democratic status and the usage
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References Altheide, D. & Snow, R.
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Norris, P. (2003) ‘Preaching to t
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Appendix B: studies associated with
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ABdE+AbdE = AdE BCdE+BcdE = BdE Fin
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1. Introduction Voter turnout in th
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integration [9,10]. A study by Tiil
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3. Data and methodology Our focus o
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provided the bulk of the sites and,
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YLE, the state-owned Finnish Broadc
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4.4. The on-line candidates: a clos
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4.4.3. What kind of candidates did
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sources during the campaign. The qu
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The results presented hitherto are
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ecome involved in their campaigns.
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References [1] H. Schmitt, The Euro
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Appendix A. Abbreviated coding temp
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Introduction Party communication ha
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pursuit of executive office, policy
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2001, 30; Pedersen & Saglie 2005, 3
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and efforts into using the web for
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finally, engaging communication 3.
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Finally, concerning the informative
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Nousiainen 1998, 55-59; Sundberg 19
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sophistication index. These parties
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(cf. Strom 1990, 570), and conseque
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identified two groups of parties on
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Notes: 1 As of November 16th 2005,
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Kitchelt, H. 2001. ‘Partisan Comp
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Appendix: Questionnaire scales Labo
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Targeting of specific voter segment
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Article IV On-line Campaigning - An
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Patterns of candidate on-line elect
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elements of interest pluralism (cf.
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The Finnish context As was briefly
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RQ1: How much predicting power do i
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stored locally two weeks prior to t
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Table 2. Logistical regression mode
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Table 4. Candidate website function
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Table 5. OLS multiple regression mo
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Table 6. OLS multiple regression mo
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affiliated party, even in the candi
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than their rivals (Margolis et al.
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References Altheide, David and Robe
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Norris, Pippa (2001a) A Virtuous Ci
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Campaigning Additive index: 1 point
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Article V “Town Hall” Meetings
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Hence, one must question whether th
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(Coleman and Goetze, 2001: 16; Norr
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Barber mentions that it is only whe
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of user preferences. If internet po
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Table 2. Average degree of liveline
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5. Citizen Participation in the deb
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Over time, there is also a slight,
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would significantly enhance our und
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Notes 1 According to the Nua Intern
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Kamarck, E. 1999. ”Campaigning on
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C. Summary and conclusions A discus
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perspective, the articles have been
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predicting candidate website functi
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articles in the thesis. In general,
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Finnish voters’ propensity to loo
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they did not appear to “become mo
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organizational, financial […] res
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The real impact of internet politic
Page 194 and 195:
Norris, P. 2003. “Preaching to th
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