Parties, Candidates and Citizens On-Line - Åbo Akademi

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Appendix: Website coding scheme (cf. Gibson & Ward 2000, 2002) Internal administration and information index (0-23 points) Additive index (0-9 points), 1 point assigned for each of the following information features present on the party website: History Structure Values & ideological ethos Rules & constitution Specific policy programs Who’s who section Leader profile Articles section/archive Extranet for members Cumulative index (0-9 points) consisting of three ordinal indexes: (1) Donation index 0 - 3 (2) Merchandise index 0 – 3 (3) Membership index 0 – 3 For each index (1) reference made and postal address listed (2) download form and post (3) specific email or online form or online transaction (0) no references made. Cumulative index (0-5 points) of the number of internal links, i.e., links to own party, local party organizations, MP’s/MEPs, international branches, other candidates in the same party, organizations that are supportive of the party’s goals: (0) = no links (1) = 1-10 links (2) = 11- 20 links (3) = 21- 50 links (4) = 51-100 links (5) = > 100 links Campaigning & general information index (0-19 points) Additive index (0-14 points), 1 point assigned for each of the following information features present on the party website: Newsletter Candidate profiles Election information Events calendar Frequently asked questions Election section Negative campaign messages Credits and merits of party 111
Targeting of specific voter segments Cookies (gather user information) Opportunity to join e-mail update list Opportunity to enrol for campaign work Download party leaflet or similar Download party logo Cumulative index (0-5 points) for the number of external links, i.e., all other links than the internal ones; inter alia, commercial links and links to neutral or news/educational sites such as news broadcasters, newspapers, parliamentary/governmental sites, national libraries. (0) = no links (1) = 1-10 links (2) = 11- 20 links (3) = 21- 50 links (4) = 51-100 links (5) = > 100 links Participation and bottom-up communication index (0-13 points) 1 point assigned if the website features user polls Cumulative index (0-12 p) consisting of three ordinal indexes: 0penness, i.e. count of e-mail contacts listed on site. (0) = no e-mails listed (1) = 1-10 e-mails (2) = 11- 20 e-mails (3) = 21- 50 e-mails (4) = 51-100 e-mails (5) = > 100 e-mails Feedback index (0–3) (1) e-mail address on the site; (2) e-mail address explicitly focused on soliciting comments; (3) an online form to submit views offered. Interaction index (0-4) Ordinal (1) games/gimmicks to play; (2) bulletin board or guest book to post views; (3) chat room for real-time discussion; (4) opportunity for online debate with leader/senior organization employees. Presentation and sophistication index (0-33 points) Additive index (0-18 points), 1 point assigned for each of the following information features present on the party website: Graphics Frames, (or similar, e.g. flash) Moving icons 112
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Kim Strandberg Studies of Politics
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PARTIES, CANDIDATES AND CITIZENS ON
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CIP Cataloguing in Publication Stra
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Jag vill även ta tillfället i akt
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C. Summary & Conclusions ..........
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List of tables Article I: Table 1.
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A. Introduction
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26; Römmele 2003, 9-11). Therefore
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these scholarly visions (e.g. Corra
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2003b; Gibson & Ward 2002). Regardi
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Some further comments regarding the
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for citizens’ participation and p
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providing the kind of structure for
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To further examine the central comp
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Scholars have noted that some of th
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• In the third article (Strandber
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References Barber, B. 1984. Strong
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Lusoli, W. 2005b. “The Internet a
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B. The articles
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Introduction Two specific theories
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proportional systems. It is therefo
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egulation of political advertising
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Because the study is case-oriented
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the discussion of the variable, the
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Table 1. Operationalizations of the
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There were no contradicting cases f
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dramatically if a different coding
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of democratic status and the usage
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References Altheide, D. & Snow, R.
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Norris, P. (2003) ‘Preaching to t
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Appendix B: studies associated with
Page 69 and 70: ABdE+AbdE = AdE BCdE+BcdE = BdE Fin
Page 71 and 72: 1. Introduction Voter turnout in th
Page 73 and 74: integration [9,10]. A study by Tiil
Page 75 and 76: 3. Data and methodology Our focus o
Page 77 and 78: provided the bulk of the sites and,
Page 79 and 80: YLE, the state-owned Finnish Broadc
Page 81 and 82: 4.4. The on-line candidates: a clos
Page 83 and 84: 4.4.3. What kind of candidates did
Page 85 and 86: sources during the campaign. The qu
Page 87 and 88: The results presented hitherto are
Page 89 and 90: ecome involved in their campaigns.
Page 91 and 92: References [1] H. Schmitt, The Euro
Page 93 and 94: Appendix A. Abbreviated coding temp
Page 95 and 96: Introduction Party communication ha
Page 97 and 98: pursuit of executive office, policy
Page 99 and 100: 2001, 30; Pedersen & Saglie 2005, 3
Page 101 and 102: and efforts into using the web for
Page 103 and 104: finally, engaging communication 3.
Page 105 and 106: Finally, concerning the informative
Page 107 and 108: Nousiainen 1998, 55-59; Sundberg 19
Page 109 and 110: sophistication index. These parties
Page 111 and 112: (cf. Strom 1990, 570), and conseque
Page 113 and 114: identified two groups of parties on
Page 115 and 116: Notes: 1 As of November 16th 2005,
Page 117 and 118: Kitchelt, H. 2001. ‘Partisan Comp
Page 119: Appendix: Questionnaire scales Labo
Page 124 and 125: Article IV On-line Campaigning - An
Page 126 and 127: Patterns of candidate on-line elect
Page 128 and 129: elements of interest pluralism (cf.
Page 130 and 131: The Finnish context As was briefly
Page 132 and 133: RQ1: How much predicting power do i
Page 134 and 135: stored locally two weeks prior to t
Page 136 and 137: Table 2. Logistical regression mode
Page 138 and 139: Table 4. Candidate website function
Page 140 and 141: Table 5. OLS multiple regression mo
Page 142 and 143: Table 6. OLS multiple regression mo
Page 144 and 145: affiliated party, even in the candi
Page 146 and 147: than their rivals (Margolis et al.
Page 148 and 149: References Altheide, David and Robe
Page 150 and 151: Norris, Pippa (2001a) A Virtuous Ci
Page 152 and 153: Campaigning Additive index: 1 point
Page 154 and 155: Article V “Town Hall” Meetings
Page 156 and 157: Hence, one must question whether th
Page 158 and 159: (Coleman and Goetze, 2001: 16; Norr
Page 160 and 161: Barber mentions that it is only whe
Page 162 and 163: of user preferences. If internet po
Page 164 and 165: Table 2. Average degree of liveline
Page 166 and 167: 5. Citizen Participation in the deb
Page 168 and 169: Over time, there is also a slight,
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would significantly enhance our und
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Notes 1 According to the Nua Intern
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Kamarck, E. 1999. ”Campaigning on
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C. Summary and conclusions A discus
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perspective, the articles have been
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predicting candidate website functi
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articles in the thesis. In general,
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Finnish voters’ propensity to loo
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they did not appear to “become mo
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organizational, financial […] res
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The real impact of internet politic
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Norris, P. 2003. “Preaching to th
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Parties, Candidates and Citizens On-Line - Åbo Akademi

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