Parties, Candidates and Citizens On-Line - Åbo Akademi

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Table 5. OLS multiple regression model predicting campaign website functions (N=695). Inter-party effects Information provision (0-12) Resource generation (0-12) Networking (0-n) Participation (0-n) Campaigning (0-9) B S.E. B S.E B S.E. B S.E. B S.E. Party size (1) 1.640** .314 .744* .326 -1.828 2.583 1.728 .893 -.159 .183 Party size (2) 1.333** .318 .482 .330 -2.460 2.617 1.674 .905 .041 .185 Ideology (1) .158 .163 -.058 .169 1.521 1.337 .253 .462 -0.68 .094 Ideology (2) .368 .218 -.239 .226 3.125 1.789 -.612 .618 -.214 .126 Ideology (3) .224 .184 .141 .191 .543 1.511 -.193 .522 .204 .107 Intra-party-effects Competitive- ness (1) .909** .147 .524** .152 -.683 1.209 .934* .418 .305** .085 Status (1) .646** .194 -.115 .201 7.474** 1.593 .436 .550 .502** .113 Candidate demographics Gender (1) .033 .128 -.019 .132 -2.120* 1.048 -.517 .362 -.119 .074 Age -.024** .006 -.033** .007 -.114* .052 -.036* .018 -.012** .004 Education (1) .154 .258 .041 .268 -1.106 2.123 .826 .734 -.140 .150 Education (2) -.144 .258 -.322 .267 -1.690 2.119 -009 .732 -.248 .150 SES (1) -.055 .323 .182 .335 .343 2.659 -.031 .919 -.072 .188 SES (2) -.422 .402 -.064 .417 1.318 3.308 -.745 .1.143 -.082 .234 SES (3) .000 .355 -.090 .368 -.808 2.916 .061 .1.008 -.105 .206 Constituency demographics District urbanization .007 .005 .016** .005 .023 .039 -.002 .013 .007** .003 R2 .207 .101 .053 .043 .112 Valid N 695 695 695 695 695 * p
campaign, the most information-rich and engaging websites had, to a larger extent, been provided by major-, rather than minor- and fringe party candidates. Moreover, in this study, being a competitive candidate was a significant predictor of information provision [B=.909], resource generation [B=.524], participation [B=.934], and campaigning [B=.305]. Incumbent status was significant in predicting the index scores in information provision [B=.646], networking [B=7.474] and campaigning [B=.502]. Both inter- and intra-party variables seem to be quite consistent groups of predictors. Regarding the effect of inter-party variables, the patterns found in several other studies of party websites are, by and large, replicated in this study of candidate websites (cf. Gibson & Ward 2002: 112, 121; Gibson et al. 2003: 55-62; Gibson & Römmele 2003: 97-9). Lower candidate age seems to be a weak but consistent predictor of all indices amongst the controlling variables (cf. Carlson & Djupsund 2001: 74). Focus is now turned to the delivery of the websites. Which factors predict high mean scores on the delivery indices? The two sets of independent variables are again entered as predictors in an OLS multiple regression model along with the two sets of controlling variables. The results are displayed in Table 6. 132
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Kim Strandberg Studies of Politics
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PARTIES, CANDIDATES AND CITIZENS ON
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CIP Cataloguing in Publication Stra
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Jag vill även ta tillfället i akt
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C. Summary & Conclusions ..........
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List of tables Article I: Table 1.
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A. Introduction
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26; Römmele 2003, 9-11). Therefore
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these scholarly visions (e.g. Corra
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2003b; Gibson & Ward 2002). Regardi
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Some further comments regarding the
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for citizens’ participation and p
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providing the kind of structure for
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To further examine the central comp
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Scholars have noted that some of th
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• In the third article (Strandber
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References Barber, B. 1984. Strong
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Lusoli, W. 2005b. “The Internet a
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B. The articles
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Introduction Two specific theories
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proportional systems. It is therefo
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egulation of political advertising
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Because the study is case-oriented
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the discussion of the variable, the
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Table 1. Operationalizations of the
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There were no contradicting cases f
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dramatically if a different coding
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of democratic status and the usage
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References Altheide, D. & Snow, R.
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Norris, P. (2003) ‘Preaching to t
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Appendix B: studies associated with
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ABdE+AbdE = AdE BCdE+BcdE = BdE Fin
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1. Introduction Voter turnout in th
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integration [9,10]. A study by Tiil
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3. Data and methodology Our focus o
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provided the bulk of the sites and,
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YLE, the state-owned Finnish Broadc
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4.4. The on-line candidates: a clos
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4.4.3. What kind of candidates did
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sources during the campaign. The qu
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The results presented hitherto are
Page 89 and 90: ecome involved in their campaigns.
Page 91 and 92: References [1] H. Schmitt, The Euro
Page 93 and 94: Appendix A. Abbreviated coding temp
Page 95 and 96: Introduction Party communication ha
Page 97 and 98: pursuit of executive office, policy
Page 99 and 100: 2001, 30; Pedersen & Saglie 2005, 3
Page 101 and 102: and efforts into using the web for
Page 103 and 104: finally, engaging communication 3.
Page 105 and 106: Finally, concerning the informative
Page 107 and 108: Nousiainen 1998, 55-59; Sundberg 19
Page 109 and 110: sophistication index. These parties
Page 111 and 112: (cf. Strom 1990, 570), and conseque
Page 113 and 114: identified two groups of parties on
Page 115 and 116: Notes: 1 As of November 16th 2005,
Page 117 and 118: Kitchelt, H. 2001. ‘Partisan Comp
Page 119 and 120: Appendix: Questionnaire scales Labo
Page 121 and 122: Targeting of specific voter segment
Page 124 and 125: Article IV On-line Campaigning - An
Page 126 and 127: Patterns of candidate on-line elect
Page 128 and 129: elements of interest pluralism (cf.
Page 130 and 131: The Finnish context As was briefly
Page 132 and 133: RQ1: How much predicting power do i
Page 134 and 135: stored locally two weeks prior to t
Page 136 and 137: Table 2. Logistical regression mode
Page 138 and 139: Table 4. Candidate website function
Page 142 and 143: Table 6. OLS multiple regression mo
Page 144 and 145: affiliated party, even in the candi
Page 146 and 147: than their rivals (Margolis et al.
Page 148 and 149: References Altheide, David and Robe
Page 150 and 151: Norris, Pippa (2001a) A Virtuous Ci
Page 152 and 153: Campaigning Additive index: 1 point
Page 154 and 155: Article V “Town Hall” Meetings
Page 156 and 157: Hence, one must question whether th
Page 158 and 159: (Coleman and Goetze, 2001: 16; Norr
Page 160 and 161: Barber mentions that it is only whe
Page 162 and 163: of user preferences. If internet po
Page 164 and 165: Table 2. Average degree of liveline
Page 166 and 167: 5. Citizen Participation in the deb
Page 168 and 169: Over time, there is also a slight,
Page 170 and 171: would significantly enhance our und
Page 172 and 173: Notes 1 According to the Nua Intern
Page 174: Kamarck, E. 1999. ”Campaigning on
Page 178 and 179: C. Summary and conclusions A discus
Page 180 and 181: perspective, the articles have been
Page 182 and 183: predicting candidate website functi
Page 184 and 185: articles in the thesis. In general,
Page 186 and 187: Finnish voters’ propensity to loo
Page 188 and 189: they did not appear to “become mo
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organizational, financial […] res
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The real impact of internet politic
Page 194 and 195:
Norris, P. 2003. “Preaching to th
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