The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History - Karatunov.net

of Rom a n s , provi n c i a l s , and non - Rom a n s . Si m i l a rly, in the eastern provi n ce s ,
study of the natives and the Romans has begun to meld to a greater degree than
h i t h erto, but access to some of the ers t while provi n ces can be difficult or restricted
for western archaeologists and historians.
The ethnicity of Roman soldiers has received more attention in the last few
years, but more work needs to be done on the origins of the soldiers and the recruitment
patterns of the legions and auxiliary units on the basis of the thousands
of inscriptions and archaeological finds from various forts. The so-called
i rregular troop s , the nu m eri , h ave been su rveyed (So ut h ern , 1 9 8 9 ) , but more
work needs to be done on the date of t h eir cre a ti on , t h eir functi on s , and the
great divers i ty of units with the title nu m eru s , in particular those of the later
Empire as listed in the Notitia Dignitatum.
Many of the directions for further research require the impossible or near
impossible: more extensive excavation, the discovery of more records, inscriptions,
papyri, or wooden tablets. Most of all, scholars need informed speculation,
lateral thinking, and reexamination of the existing evidence and received
opinion. Occasional discoveries that change opinions or simply add to knowledge
are not completely out of the question, which means that the fascination
of i nve s ti ga ting the Roman army wi ll never die, and the def i n i tive stu dy wi ll
n ever be wri t ten . We can simply make interim statem en t s , with updates from
time to time.
r e fe r e n c e s a n d f u r t h e r r e a d i n g
C u r r e n t A s s e s s m e n t 329
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Campbell, J. Brian. 1984. The Emperor and the Roman Army 31 bc–ad 235. Oxford:
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———. 1994. The Roman Army 31 bc–ad 337: A Sourcebook. London: Routledge.
Dixon, Karen R., and Southern, P. 1992. The Roman Cavalry from the First to the Third
Century. London: Batsford.
Dodgeon, M.H., and Lieu, S.N.C. 1991. The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian
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Elton, Hugh. 1996. Frontiers of the Roman Empire. London: Batsford.
Gilliver, Catherine M. 2000. The Roman Art of War. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus
Publishing.
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Clarendon Press.
———. 2003a. The Complete Roman Army. London: Thames and Hudson.
———. 2003b. In the Name of Rome: The Men Who Won the Roman Empire. London:
Weidenfeld and Nicolson.