The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History - Karatunov.net

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Pulcher, Commander under Arrian, 202 Pullo, Titus, 304 Pulley system, 238 Punic Wars, 18–19, 20, 40, 52, 70, 93, 125, 131, 217, 218, 268 Punishment, 32, 145, 146–148 and desertion, 148 types of, 147 Puteoli (modern Pozzuoli), 40, 111, 119, 218 Pydna, 20, 52 Pyrenees, 275 Pyrrhus, 52 Quadi, 196 Quaestor, 63 Quarta militia, 334 Quartianus, 237 Quinctilius Varus, Publius, 27, 98, 122, 173, 175, 176, 232, 292, 295, 296, 298, 299, 307 Racial composition, of soldiers, 141–144 Raeti, 290 Raetia, 118, 186, 232 Ramnes, 87 Rank. See Titles and rank Rationibus, 75 Rations, 114 Ravenna, 207 De Re Militari (Cato the Elder), 29 De Re Militari (Taruttienus), 31 De Rebus Bellicis (“The Anonymous”), 238 Reconstruction, of buildings, 327–328 Recruitment, 44–46, 87, 118, 131–133 of barbarians, 259–260 and draft-dodgers, 258–259 in late Roman army, 257–260 and politics, 54 and self-mutilation, 258–259 of tribesmen, 259 Reenactment societies, 328 Reenlistment, 125 Regillus, Lake, battle, 51 Religion, 83–84 and paganism vs. Christianity, 254 and religious ceremonies, 162 Religious ceremonies, 162 Remi, 218 Renieblas, 209 Requisitioning, 112 Res Gestae, 134 Res privata, 74–75 Research and archaeology, 327 future, 326–329 and international congresses, 328 problems of, 323–326 and reconstruction, of buildings, 327–328 and reenactment societies, 328 and shared knowledge, 328–329 and translations, 327 Rex sociusque et amicus, 69 Rhine, 27, 39, 44, 46, 69, 98, 173, 200, 209, 211, 212, 228, 235, 239, 242, 247, 250, 251, 290, 292, 293, 294, 295, 297, 299, 307 Rhodes, 280, 291 Rhodians, 52 Rhone River, 271 Ribchester, 81–82 Richomer, 260 Riding skills, 136 Ripenses, 250 Road network, 229 Roman Antiquities (Dionysius of Halicarnassus), 26 Roman army adaptation of, 1–2 characteristics of, 4 origins of, 87–97 research on, 323–329 roles of, 3–4 sources for study of, 2, 5–34. See also individual sources Roman Empire decline of, 47–48, 247 map of later, 252–253 (map) I n d e x 373
374 I n d e x Roman Empire (continued) in mid-second century ad, 42–43 (map) population statistics for, 48–49 revenue and expenditure of, 75–76 size of, 2 Roman gods, 83, 137, 150, 160 Roman History (Dio Cassius), 28 Roman Imperial Coinage (RIC), 18 Roman Inscriptions in Britain (RIB), 8 Romania, 15, 216 Romanization, 77 Rome early settlers of, 37 geographical diversity of, 38, 39, 44 languages of, 44 political and administrative systems of, 44 rise of, 37 Romes Encomium (In Praise of Rome), 80 Romula, 78 Romulus, 50 Romulus Augustulus, 247 Rorarii, 90 Rubicon, 287 Rubrius Zosimus, Marcus, 235 Ruffus (or Rufius), Festus, Sextus, 31–32, 145, 147, 194 and punishments, 146 Runnius Hilaris, Caius, 233 Russia, 47 Ruteni, 306 Rutilius Rufus, Publius, 94–95, 135, 271 Sabines, 87 Sabinus, gladiator, 118 Sagum, 154–155, 260 Saldae, 78 Sales at auction, 73 Salt, 221. See also Food supply Salt pork, 221. See also Food supply Salvianus, cavalry decurion, 123, 133 Samarobriva (modern Amiens), 219 Samnite Wars, 90–91 Samnites, 37, 90–91 Sardinia, 40, 52, 111, 218 Sarmatia, 186 Sarmatians, 15, 144, 211, 259 Sarmizegethusa, 315 Sassanids, Persian dynasty, 47 Saturnalia, 110 Saturninus. See Antonius Saturnius, Lucius Savings, 167 Savings bank system, 110–111 Scholae palatinae, 254 De Scientia Militari (Frontinus), 24 Scipio, Gnaeus. See Cornelius Scipio, Gnaeus Scipio, Publius. See Cornelius Scipio, Publius Scipio Aemilianus. See Cornelius Scipio Aemiliaus, Publius Scipio Africanus. See Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius Scipio family, 20, 22, 135, 268, 273 Scorpiones, 104, 214. See also Artillery Scotland, 27, 113, 124, 184, 194, 196, 200, 207, 217, 223, 226, 235, 240, 242, 314 Scribonia (first wife of Augustus), 291 Scribonius Libo, 206, 307 Sculpture, as source for study of Roman army, 10–17. See also Source(s), for study of Roman army Scutum, 89 Scythians, 211 Sdapezematygus, 133 Secret police, 228, 229 Segestes, 295 Segisama, 113 Seige trains, 224 Sejanus. See Aelius Sejanus, Lucius Seleucia, 319 Self-mutilation, and recruitment, 258–259 Sempronius Gracchus, Gaius, 55, 56, 106, 131 Sempronius Gracchus, Tiberius, 54–55 Sempronius Liberalis, 133
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The Roman Army
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Copyright © 2006 by Pat Southern A
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vi C on ten ts Guard Troops: The Eq
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viii C on ten ts Britain in AD 83/8
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x The Roman A rmy and listened, to
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The Roman Army
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2 The Roman A rmy new adversaries,
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4 The Roman A rmy con tro l , co u
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6 The Roman A rmy tives asking for
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8 The Roman A rmy Bowman, 1983; Bow
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10 The Roman A rmy the overall pict
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12 The Roman A rmy Perhaps by way o
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14 The Roman A rmy The inner panels
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16 The Roman A rmy Trajan’s Colum
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18 The Roman A rmy build up a pictu
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20 The Roman A rmy freedom and inde
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22 The Roman A rmy vers and battles
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24 The Roman A rmy the tri bes of s
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26 The Roman A rmy Titus Livius (Li
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28 The Roman A rmy his work provide
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30 The Roman A rmy Hyginus cannot b
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32 The Roman A rmy 371 to 392 (Bran
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34 The Roman A rmy a rmy, f ron ti
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36 The Roman A rmy Prosopographia I
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38 The Roman A rmy Rome was founded
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40 The Roman A rmy supplies was vit
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42 Map of the Roman Empire in the m
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The term p ro v i n c i a did not o
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H i s t o r i c a l Ba c k g r o u
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Ancient sources for the regal perio
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intended to keep to himself, as wel
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Sharing power with a colleague was
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set the total at 600, a figure that
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The principal duties of the consuls
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the ri ght of i n terce s s i o, or
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During the Republic there were two
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The Army of the Roman Republic Chap
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class (classis means “calling”)
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n euvers but could also provi de ac
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total of 600 men, but the numbers o
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tilius Rufus, had assembled an army
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The Roman A rmy 97 Roman soldiers e
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have been awarded its title Victrix
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as h a s t a tus po s teri o r, t h
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The Roman A rmy 103 There was no ex
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of the ba ll i s t a ri i , u n der
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From time to time soldiers could lo
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The Roman A rmy 109 Standardization
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The military records were scru p u
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The Roman A rmy 113 Local provision
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nu s , h ad been sent to ga t h er
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The Roman A rmy 117 wise at the acc
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Troops in Rome: The Urban Cohorts a
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The Roman A rmy 121 constantly move
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L i ke the ju n i or of f i cers in
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these were the legionary centurions
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The Roman A rmy 127 The normal tour
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the other five were equestrian trib
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Recruitment Ot h er Ra n k s The Ro
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ashing. For the majority of recruit
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The Roman A rmy 135 Ha n n i b a l
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chosen, or whether they had to appl
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The Roman A rmy 139 Ch ee s m a n ,
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142 The Roman A rmy manders usually
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144 The Roman A rmy original recrui
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146 The Roman A rmy from battle, le
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148 The Roman A rmy unit prob a bly
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150 The Roman A rmy Alaudae (the la
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152 The Roman A rmy does not imply
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154 The Roman A rmy mental chronolo
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156 The Roman A rmy the knee , but
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158 The Roman A rmy verted bowl mad
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160 The Roman A rmy Holidays and Ob
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162 The Roman A rmy The purely mili
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164 The Roman A rmy m i s s i o) .
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166 The Roman A rmy skirts are laid
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168 The Roman A rmy As noted above,
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Chapter 5 The Roman Army at War Doc
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 173 ref u s
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 175 Soldier
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 177 Undated
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Map showing the locations of the fr
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Plan of Wallsend fort, which stood
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 183 Arch of
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 185 the fro
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tail, chiefly from Britain and to s
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• Mules carrying the sections of
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On the march, the eight men of a c
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 193 Tem por
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 195 The Rom
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 197 could t
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t h em . A good example of this is
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 201 ti on c
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 203 closely
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 205 the wal
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 207 36 bc,
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Chapter 6 Tools of War We a pon r y
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shield unwieldy and therefore usele
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spatha in an archaeological dig doe
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Engraving after The Catapult by Edw
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took rep l ace a ble spri n gs so t
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Tools of Wa r 219 animals by foragi
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Tools of Wa r 221 down to 5,000 men
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Tools of Wa r 223 and Tiberius as t
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individual soldiers or were corpora
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Tools of Wa r 227 3 5 . 2 - 4 ) . G
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e s pon den ce , dealt with em b a
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Tools of Wa r 231 s en t . As Po ly
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their own decisions about how to re
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Tools of Wa r 235 Several of the at
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V-shaped cut, and if the bullet is
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the majori ty being the legi on a r
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Tools of Wa r 241 Title page of a m
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Tools of Wa r 243 Dixon, Karen R.,
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246 The Roman A rmy The hard-presse
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248 The Roman A rmy of the late thi
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250 The Roman A rmy ing the third c
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252 Map of the later Roman Empire r
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254 The Roman A rmy Danube may owe
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256 The Roman A rmy ti ons should c
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258 The Roman A rmy PROFITEERING IN
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260 The Roman A rmy of ad 366 refer
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262 The Roman A rmy In the later Ro
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264 The Roman A rmy The late Roman
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Chapter 8 Great Soldiers and Battle
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iography surely starts with him, an
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G r e at S o l d i e r s a n d B at
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The greatest general of his day, Po
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scription comes from the pen of Sue
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tri be s , he cut of f the hands of
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ing one cohort from the third line
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conquered the rest of Britain after
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e fe r e n c e s a n d f u r t h e
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Page 344 and 345: of Rom a n s , provi n c i a l s ,
Page 346 and 347: Appendix Rank Structure in the Roma
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Page 366 and 367: Index A note on Roman names: the Ro
Page 368 and 369: Arch of Severus, 14, 107, 321 (phot
Page 370 and 371: Black Sea, 241 Block-and-tackle, 23
Page 372 and 373: Cavalry, 91-92, 93, 94, 101-102, 14
Page 374 and 375: Cornelius Celsus, Aulus, 236-237 Co
Page 376 and 377: Elections, 2 Elginhaugh, 223 Elite
Page 378 and 379: and transmission of orders, 203 Gen
Page 380 and 381: Javelin. See Pilum Javolenus Priscu
Page 382 and 383: Librarii, 105, 333 Liccaius (rival
Page 384 and 385: and treatment of wounds, 236-237 an
Page 386 and 387: Patrimonium, 74-75, 78 Pax Romana,
Page 390 and 391: Senate, 59 and decision to go to wa
Page 392 and 393: water, 111, 114, 221 See also Food
Page 394 and 395: See also Food supply; Supplies Trea
Page 396: and Praetorians, 117 and Urban Coho
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