The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History - Karatunov.net

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Cavalry, 91–92, 93, 94, 101–102, 141 class of, 87 number of, 49, 87 and order of march, 187 use of, in battle, 196–197 Cedrenus, George, 248 Celsus. See Cornelius Celsus, Aulus Celtic regions, 143, 221 Celtic tribes, 89, 94, 95, 144, 151, 271 Cenabum (modern Orleans), 226 Censors, 48 Census surveys, 48, 72–74 Centuries, voting, 88 Centurions, 93, 100–101, 130 and command and control, 201 military pay of, 108–109 and titles and rank, 332–333. See also individual titles and rank; Titles and rank Cereals, 113–114. See also Food supply Ceremonials, military, 160, 162 Cerialis, commander at Vindolanda, 149 Cervesa (beer), 221. See also Food supply Cethegus Labeo, 194 Charles XII, King of Sweden, 47 Chatti, 80, 177, 295, 296, 298 Chauci, 173, 298, 299 Ch eese( c a seu s ) , 2 2 1 . See also Food su pp ly Cherusci, 295 Cheshire, 133 Chester (Deva), 27, 101, 104, 194, 238 Christianity, 83, 254 Christians, 83 Cibaria, 220 Cicero. See Tullius Cicero, Marcus Cilicia, 59, 205, 226, 232, 278, 280 Cimbri, 271 Cinna. See Cornelius Cinna, Lucius Circumnavigation of the Black Sea (Arrianus), 24 Cisalpine Gaul, 89, 283, 284, 311 Cities fortification of, in late Roman army, 263–264 Citizen cavalry, 141. See also Cavalry Citizenship, 55, 68, 69, 77, 95–96, 131, 141, 142, 143, 151, 165 and slaves, 122 Cius, 318 Cives qui arma ferre possunt, 92 Civil War (Caesar), 21 Civil Wars, 3, 21, 96–97, 131, 203 The Civil Wars (Appian), 28 Civilian settlements around forts and fortresses, 78–79 research on, 326 See also Settlements Civilians legal proceedings against, 81–82 protection of, 79–80 and soldiers, relationship between, 1, 76–82 status of, 77 Civilis, 23 Civitas sine suffragio, 69 Claudius, Emperor (ad 41–54), 17, 40, 60, 63, 119, 150, 165, 167, 173, 268, 293, 298, 299, 325 and territorial expansion, 175–176 Claudius II Gothicus, Emperor (ad 41–54), 259 Claudius Candidus, Tiberius, 318, 319, 320 Claudius Marcellus, Marcus, 271 Claudius Maximus, Tiberius, 138, 303–304, 317 Claudius Nero, Tiberius, 290 Claudius Ptolemaeus. See Ptolemy Claudius Severus, Gaius, 103, 138 Claudius Vitalis, Tiberius, 130 Cleopatra, 3, 57, 58, 96, 97 (photo), 134, 172, 288, 311 Cleoxenus, 231 Clerical staff, military pay of, 109 Clibanarii, 214 Client kingship, 69 Client states, 69–70 Clipeus, 88, 89 Cloak, military, 154–155, 260, 261. See also Uniform, military I n d e x 357
358 I n d e x Clodius Albinus, 318, 319 Clodius, Publius, 281 Clunn, Tony, 307 Codex Theodosianus, 31, 145 Cohors I Augusta Lusitanorum, 147 Cohors I Baetasiorum C.R., 160 Cohors I Fida Vardullorum, 217 Cohors I Flavia Ulpia, 150 Cohors I Germanorum equitata, 202 Cohors I Hispanorum equitata, 160 Cohors I Hispanorum Veterana, 7, 112, 113 Cohors II Aurelia, 235 Cohors IIII Aquitanorum, 235 Cohors XX Palmyrenorum, 7, 114, 160 Cohors XXXII Voluntariorum, 235 Cohort, 95, 141 First Cohort of a legion, 100–101 and titles and rank, 100–101. See also individual titles and rank; Titles and rank Cohortes equitatae, 121 Coinage, 70–71, 76, 207 and virtus, 83 Coins, 57 (photo), 246 (photo), 249 (photo) as source of study of Roman army, 18. See also Source(s), for study of Roman army Colchester, 12, 133, 164 Cologne, 232, 251, 294 Colonia Agrippinensis (modern Cologne), 84 Colonies, 68–69 for veterans, 164, 166 Colosseum, 14 Comitatenses, 249–250, 251, 255–256 Comitatus, 249–250 Comitia centuriata, 63–64 Comitia curiata, 63–64, 88 Commagene, 300 Command in late Roman army, 254–256 Command and control, 199–204 Command structure, 202 Commander in Chief, 331 Commanders, 173 as amateurs, 201 appointment of, 201–202 and command and control, 200–202 and decision to go to war, 173 emperors as, 268 role of, 4 and soldiers, bond between, 56 Commentarienses, 109 Commodus, Emperor (ad 177–192), 31, 61, 117, 126, 136, 186 and desertion, 148 Communications, 90, 229–233 and long-distance signaling, 230 methods of, 229, 230, 231–233 and road network, 229 and short-distance signaling, 229–230 Concilius plebis, 66 Congiaria, 75 Conscription, 132, 257 Consilium, 199 Constantine, Emperor (ad 307–337) 14–15, 30, 47, 119, 207, 251 (photo) and command appointments, 256 and military intelligence, 228–229 and Praetorians, 117 reforms of , 2 4 6 – 2 4 7 , 2 4 9 , 2 5 0 – 2 5 1 , 2 5 4 and scholae palatinae, 254 Constantinople, 47, 247 Constantius II, Emperor (ad 337–361), 259 Constantius Chlorus, Emperor (ad 305–306), 207 Constitution, 51–52 Consuls, 59, 64–65, 66, 93, 94, 127 duty of, 2–3 Consulship, 63 Contubernium, 99–100 Corbridge, 156, 212, 315 Corbulo. See Domitius Corbulo, Gnaeus Corduba, 289 Corinth, 54 Cornelia (wife of Caesar), 279, 281 Cornelius Anullinus, Publius, 318, 319
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The Roman Army
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Copyright © 2006 by Pat Southern A
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vi C on ten ts Guard Troops: The Eq
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viii C on ten ts Britain in AD 83/8
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x The Roman A rmy and listened, to
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The Roman Army
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2 The Roman A rmy new adversaries,
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4 The Roman A rmy con tro l , co u
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6 The Roman A rmy tives asking for
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8 The Roman A rmy Bowman, 1983; Bow
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10 The Roman A rmy the overall pict
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12 The Roman A rmy Perhaps by way o
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14 The Roman A rmy The inner panels
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16 The Roman A rmy Trajan’s Colum
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18 The Roman A rmy build up a pictu
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20 The Roman A rmy freedom and inde
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22 The Roman A rmy vers and battles
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24 The Roman A rmy the tri bes of s
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26 The Roman A rmy Titus Livius (Li
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28 The Roman A rmy his work provide
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30 The Roman A rmy Hyginus cannot b
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32 The Roman A rmy 371 to 392 (Bran
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34 The Roman A rmy a rmy, f ron ti
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36 The Roman A rmy Prosopographia I
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38 The Roman A rmy Rome was founded
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40 The Roman A rmy supplies was vit
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42 Map of the Roman Empire in the m
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The term p ro v i n c i a did not o
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H i s t o r i c a l Ba c k g r o u
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Ancient sources for the regal perio
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intended to keep to himself, as wel
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Sharing power with a colleague was
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set the total at 600, a figure that
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The principal duties of the consuls
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the ri ght of i n terce s s i o, or
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During the Republic there were two
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The Army of the Roman Republic Chap
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class (classis means “calling”)
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n euvers but could also provi de ac
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total of 600 men, but the numbers o
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tilius Rufus, had assembled an army
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The Roman A rmy 97 Roman soldiers e
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have been awarded its title Victrix
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as h a s t a tus po s teri o r, t h
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The Roman A rmy 103 There was no ex
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of the ba ll i s t a ri i , u n der
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From time to time soldiers could lo
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The Roman A rmy 109 Standardization
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The military records were scru p u
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The Roman A rmy 113 Local provision
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nu s , h ad been sent to ga t h er
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The Roman A rmy 117 wise at the acc
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Troops in Rome: The Urban Cohorts a
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The Roman A rmy 121 constantly move
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L i ke the ju n i or of f i cers in
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these were the legionary centurions
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The Roman A rmy 127 The normal tour
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the other five were equestrian trib
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Recruitment Ot h er Ra n k s The Ro
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ashing. For the majority of recruit
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The Roman A rmy 135 Ha n n i b a l
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chosen, or whether they had to appl
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The Roman A rmy 139 Ch ee s m a n ,
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142 The Roman A rmy manders usually
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144 The Roman A rmy original recrui
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146 The Roman A rmy from battle, le
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148 The Roman A rmy unit prob a bly
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150 The Roman A rmy Alaudae (the la
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152 The Roman A rmy does not imply
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154 The Roman A rmy mental chronolo
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156 The Roman A rmy the knee , but
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158 The Roman A rmy verted bowl mad
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160 The Roman A rmy Holidays and Ob
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162 The Roman A rmy The purely mili
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164 The Roman A rmy m i s s i o) .
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166 The Roman A rmy skirts are laid
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168 The Roman A rmy As noted above,
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Chapter 5 The Roman Army at War Doc
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 173 ref u s
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 175 Soldier
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 177 Undated
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Map showing the locations of the fr
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Plan of Wallsend fort, which stood
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 183 Arch of
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 185 the fro
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tail, chiefly from Britain and to s
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• Mules carrying the sections of
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On the march, the eight men of a c
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 193 Tem por
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 195 The Rom
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 197 could t
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t h em . A good example of this is
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 201 ti on c
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 203 closely
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 205 the wal
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 207 36 bc,
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Chapter 6 Tools of War We a pon r y
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shield unwieldy and therefore usele
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spatha in an archaeological dig doe
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Engraving after The Catapult by Edw
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took rep l ace a ble spri n gs so t
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Tools of Wa r 219 animals by foragi
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Tools of Wa r 221 down to 5,000 men
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Tools of Wa r 223 and Tiberius as t
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individual soldiers or were corpora
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Tools of Wa r 227 3 5 . 2 - 4 ) . G
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e s pon den ce , dealt with em b a
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Tools of Wa r 231 s en t . As Po ly
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their own decisions about how to re
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Tools of Wa r 235 Several of the at
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V-shaped cut, and if the bullet is
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the majori ty being the legi on a r
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Tools of Wa r 241 Title page of a m
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Tools of Wa r 243 Dixon, Karen R.,
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246 The Roman A rmy The hard-presse
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248 The Roman A rmy of the late thi
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250 The Roman A rmy ing the third c
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252 Map of the later Roman Empire r
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254 The Roman A rmy Danube may owe
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256 The Roman A rmy ti ons should c
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258 The Roman A rmy PROFITEERING IN
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260 The Roman A rmy of ad 366 refer
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262 The Roman A rmy In the later Ro
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264 The Roman A rmy The late Roman
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Chapter 8 Great Soldiers and Battle
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iography surely starts with him, an
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G r e at S o l d i e r s a n d B at
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The greatest general of his day, Po
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scription comes from the pen of Sue
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Page 322 and 323: tri be s , he cut of f the hands of
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Page 344 and 345: of Rom a n s , provi n c i a l s ,
Page 346 and 347: Appendix Rank Structure in the Roma
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Page 366 and 367: Index A note on Roman names: the Ro
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Page 376 and 377: Elections, 2 Elginhaugh, 223 Elite
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Page 386 and 387: Patrimonium, 74-75, 78 Pax Romana,
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Page 390 and 391: Senate, 59 and decision to go to wa
Page 392 and 393: water, 111, 114, 221 See also Food
Page 394 and 395: See also Food supply; Supplies Trea
Page 396: and Praetorians, 117 and Urban Coho
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