The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History - Karatunov.net

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Librarii, 105, 333 Liccaius (rival of Constantine), 165 Licinius Crassus, Marcus (consul 70 and 55 bc), 62, 71, 155, 214, 275–276, 280, 281, 284, 290 and vigiles, 119 Licinius Crassus, Marcus (grandson of the consul), 172 Licinius Crassus, Publius (son of the consul), 219 Licinius Lucullus, Lucius, 201, 221, 275, 276, 277 Licinius Nerva Silianus, Aulus, 165 Licinius Lucullus, 276, 277 Lignari, 114 Limitanei, 250–251 Lincoln, 164, 312 Lingones, 121, 143 Lippe River, 222, 296 Liquids, transport of, 221. See also Food supply; Transport, of supplies List of Offices (Notitia Dignitatum), 238, 255, 257, 260, 329 Literature, as source for study of Roman army, 18–34. See also Source(s), for study of Roman army Livia Drusilla (wife of Augustus), 290, 291, 292 Livius Drusus, Marcus, 55, 56 Livius, Titus (Livy), 25, 51, 89–90, 93 and colonies, 68 and food rations, 111, 114 as historian, 26 and military oath, 134 and order of march, 190 and reenlistment, 125 and stakes, 193 and training, 135 and weapons, 88 Llandrindod Common, 194 Logistics, 217–225 Loire River, 206, 226 London, 312 Long spear, 87. See also Weapons Longinus, 133 Longthorpe, 312 Louvre, 13 Lower Germany, 105, 142, 173, 194, 294, 298 Lower Rhine, 175, 299 Luca, 284 Luccius Sabinus, Caius, 235 Luceres, 87 Lucius, 217 Lucius (son of Agrippa), 292 Lucretia, 51 Lucterius, 306 Lucullus. See Licinius Lucullus, Lucius Lugdunensis, 142 Lugdunum (modern Lyon), 84, 166 Lupus, Aurelius, 136 Lusitania, 281 Lusius Quietus, 315 Lutatius Catulus, Quintus, 271 Lutatius Ecarpus, Sextus, 233 Lyons, 119 Macedon, 20, 52–53 Macedonia, 9, 125, 131, 310 Macedonian war, 52–53 Macedonians, 88 Macrinus, Emperor (ad 217–218), 108, 126 Maesa, Julia, 126 Magister militum, 229 Magister officiorum, 228–229 Magistrates, 63 as generals, 267–268 Magistri, 79, 250, 255 Magnentius, Ursurper, 260 Mainz, 13, 103, 212, 232 Mallius Maximus, Gnaeus, 271 Malpas, 133 Mancetter, 312 Mancipia, 224 Manlius, Gaius, 276 Maniples, 89, 90, 92, 100 Manuals, medical, 236 Manuals, military as source of study of Roman army, 28–31, 324. See also Source(s), for study of Roman army I n d e x 367
368 I n d e x Maps, 239–242 as source of study of Roman army, 32–34. See also Source(s), for study of Roman army Marcellinus (Caesar’s general), 230 Marcellus (nephew of Augustus), 290 Marching camps, 5, 90, 190–192 winter in, 192 See also Temporary camps Marcius Artemidorus, Quintus, 235 Marcomannia, 186 Marcommani, 196 Marcommanic Wars, 148, 227 Marcus Antonius. See Mark Antony Marcus Aurelius, Emperor (ad 161–180), 9, 29, 31, 46, 61, 98, 103, 107, 126, 128 (photo), 144, 186, 227, 245, 249, 259, 317 column of, 15, 17 and command appointments, 254 and equestrian officers, 128 and holiday observances, 160 and knowledge of enemy, 196 and marching camps, 191 and military appointments, 202 and military pay, 108 and taxation, 75 and use of troops in battle, 197 Marians (supporters of Gaius Marius), 273, 274 Marinus of Tyre, 240 Marius, Gaius, 27, 94–95, 135, 144, 149, 221, 268, 270 (photo), 273, 279, 281, 283 and logistics and transport, 223 biographical information on, 269–272 Marius Maximus (author), 318 Marius’s Mules, 94–95 Mark Antony, 3, 58, 96, 97, 115, 134, 146, 171–172, 205, 206, 217, 284, 287, 289, 293, 308 and coinage, 18, 71 as Dictator, 64 and Philippi, battle of, 309–311 and taxation, 73 and use of troops in battle, 197 and veterans, 163 Marriage, 144–145, 165 and intermarriage, 68 Marsi, 295, 298 Maryport, 160 Masada, 192 Massed charge, 194 Massilia, 39 Matius, Gaius, 288 Mattiaci, 103 Mauretania, 270, 289 Mauretania Caesariensis, 78, 124 Mauri, 124, 143–144 Maurice, Emperor (ad 582–602) as historian, 30–31 Maxentius, Emperor (ad 306–312), 254 Maximian, Emperor (ad 286–310), 248 Maximianus, Valerius. See Valerius Maximianus, Marcus Maximinus, Emperor (ad 303–311), 108 Maximinus Thrax (the Thracian), Emperor (ad 235–238), 126 Meat, 114, 221. See also Food supply Medals, 150–152 Medical discharge, 163–164 Medical instruments, 236. See also Medicine, military Medical staff, 235 Medici, 233, 235 Medici ordinarii, 233 De Medicina (Celsus), 236 Medicinal plants, 237 Medicine, military, 233–237 and bath houses, 237 and diet, 237 and diseases, 236 and Greeks, 233, 235, 236 and hospitals, 235–236 manuals, 236 and medical instruments, 236–237 and medical staff, 235 and medici, 233, 235 and pharmacology, 237 teachers or trainers of, 235
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The Roman Army
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Copyright © 2006 by Pat Southern A
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vi C on ten ts Guard Troops: The Eq
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viii C on ten ts Britain in AD 83/8
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x The Roman A rmy and listened, to
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The Roman Army
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2 The Roman A rmy new adversaries,
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4 The Roman A rmy con tro l , co u
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6 The Roman A rmy tives asking for
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8 The Roman A rmy Bowman, 1983; Bow
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10 The Roman A rmy the overall pict
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12 The Roman A rmy Perhaps by way o
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14 The Roman A rmy The inner panels
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16 The Roman A rmy Trajan’s Colum
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18 The Roman A rmy build up a pictu
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20 The Roman A rmy freedom and inde
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22 The Roman A rmy vers and battles
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24 The Roman A rmy the tri bes of s
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26 The Roman A rmy Titus Livius (Li
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28 The Roman A rmy his work provide
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30 The Roman A rmy Hyginus cannot b
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32 The Roman A rmy 371 to 392 (Bran
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34 The Roman A rmy a rmy, f ron ti
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36 The Roman A rmy Prosopographia I
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38 The Roman A rmy Rome was founded
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40 The Roman A rmy supplies was vit
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42 Map of the Roman Empire in the m
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The term p ro v i n c i a did not o
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H i s t o r i c a l Ba c k g r o u
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Ancient sources for the regal perio
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intended to keep to himself, as wel
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Sharing power with a colleague was
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set the total at 600, a figure that
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The principal duties of the consuls
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the ri ght of i n terce s s i o, or
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During the Republic there were two
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The Army of the Roman Republic Chap
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class (classis means “calling”)
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n euvers but could also provi de ac
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total of 600 men, but the numbers o
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tilius Rufus, had assembled an army
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The Roman A rmy 97 Roman soldiers e
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have been awarded its title Victrix
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as h a s t a tus po s teri o r, t h
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The Roman A rmy 103 There was no ex
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of the ba ll i s t a ri i , u n der
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From time to time soldiers could lo
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The Roman A rmy 109 Standardization
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The military records were scru p u
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The Roman A rmy 113 Local provision
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nu s , h ad been sent to ga t h er
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The Roman A rmy 117 wise at the acc
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Troops in Rome: The Urban Cohorts a
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The Roman A rmy 121 constantly move
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L i ke the ju n i or of f i cers in
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these were the legionary centurions
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The Roman A rmy 127 The normal tour
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the other five were equestrian trib
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Recruitment Ot h er Ra n k s The Ro
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ashing. For the majority of recruit
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The Roman A rmy 135 Ha n n i b a l
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chosen, or whether they had to appl
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The Roman A rmy 139 Ch ee s m a n ,
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142 The Roman A rmy manders usually
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144 The Roman A rmy original recrui
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146 The Roman A rmy from battle, le
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148 The Roman A rmy unit prob a bly
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150 The Roman A rmy Alaudae (the la
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152 The Roman A rmy does not imply
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154 The Roman A rmy mental chronolo
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156 The Roman A rmy the knee , but
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158 The Roman A rmy verted bowl mad
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160 The Roman A rmy Holidays and Ob
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162 The Roman A rmy The purely mili
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164 The Roman A rmy m i s s i o) .
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166 The Roman A rmy skirts are laid
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168 The Roman A rmy As noted above,
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Chapter 5 The Roman Army at War Doc
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 173 ref u s
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 175 Soldier
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 177 Undated
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Map showing the locations of the fr
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Plan of Wallsend fort, which stood
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 183 Arch of
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 185 the fro
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tail, chiefly from Britain and to s
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• Mules carrying the sections of
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On the march, the eight men of a c
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 193 Tem por
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 195 The Rom
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 197 could t
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t h em . A good example of this is
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 201 ti on c
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 203 closely
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 205 the wal
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 207 36 bc,
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Chapter 6 Tools of War We a pon r y
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shield unwieldy and therefore usele
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spatha in an archaeological dig doe
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Engraving after The Catapult by Edw
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took rep l ace a ble spri n gs so t
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Tools of Wa r 219 animals by foragi
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Tools of Wa r 221 down to 5,000 men
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Tools of Wa r 223 and Tiberius as t
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individual soldiers or were corpora
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Tools of Wa r 227 3 5 . 2 - 4 ) . G
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e s pon den ce , dealt with em b a
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Tools of Wa r 231 s en t . As Po ly
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their own decisions about how to re
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Tools of Wa r 235 Several of the at
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V-shaped cut, and if the bullet is
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the majori ty being the legi on a r
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Tools of Wa r 241 Title page of a m
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Tools of Wa r 243 Dixon, Karen R.,
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246 The Roman A rmy The hard-presse
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248 The Roman A rmy of the late thi
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250 The Roman A rmy ing the third c
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252 Map of the later Roman Empire r
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254 The Roman A rmy Danube may owe
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256 The Roman A rmy ti ons should c
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258 The Roman A rmy PROFITEERING IN
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260 The Roman A rmy of ad 366 refer
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262 The Roman A rmy In the later Ro
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264 The Roman A rmy The late Roman
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Chapter 8 Great Soldiers and Battle
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iography surely starts with him, an
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G r e at S o l d i e r s a n d B at
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The greatest general of his day, Po
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scription comes from the pen of Sue
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tri be s , he cut of f the hands of
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ing one cohort from the third line
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conquered the rest of Britain after
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Page 338 and 339: Chapter 9 Current Assessment Ma j o
Page 340 and 341: C u r r e n t A s s e s s m e n t 3
Page 342 and 343: C u r r e n t A s s e s s m e n t 3
Page 344 and 345: of Rom a n s , provi n c i a l s ,
Page 346 and 347: Appendix Rank Structure in the Roma
Page 348 and 349: 160 men. The five centurions were r
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Page 352 and 353: G l o s s a ry 337 constitutio anto
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Page 359 and 360: 344 B i b l i o g r a p h y PBSR Pa
Page 361 and 362: 346 B i b l i o g r a p h y Develin
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Page 366 and 367: Index A note on Roman names: the Ro
Page 368 and 369: Arch of Severus, 14, 107, 321 (phot
Page 370 and 371: Black Sea, 241 Block-and-tackle, 23
Page 372 and 373: Cavalry, 91-92, 93, 94, 101-102, 14
Page 374 and 375: Cornelius Celsus, Aulus, 236-237 Co
Page 376 and 377: Elections, 2 Elginhaugh, 223 Elite
Page 378 and 379: and transmission of orders, 203 Gen
Page 380 and 381: Javelin. See Pilum Javolenus Priscu
Page 384 and 385: and treatment of wounds, 236-237 an
Page 386 and 387: Patrimonium, 74-75, 78 Pax Romana,
Page 388 and 389: Pulcher, Commander under Arrian, 20
Page 390 and 391: Senate, 59 and decision to go to wa
Page 392 and 393: water, 111, 114, 221 See also Food
Page 394 and 395: See also Food supply; Supplies Trea
Page 396: and Praetorians, 117 and Urban Coho
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