The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History - Karatunov.net

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water, 111, 114, 221 See also Food supply Supply lines, 90–91, 112 Surveying, 240, 242 Switzerland, 283 Swords, 6, 88, 212–213. See also Weapons Syria, 5, 7, 8, 54, 59, 109, 114, 160, 214, 277, 278, 298, 300, 301, 317, 319, 320 Syrians, 122, 124, 143 Tabularium, 25 Tacfarinas, 196 Tacitus, 3, 98, 103, 113, 292, 294, 295, 296, 298, 300, 301, 303, 312 and Agricola, 313–314 and auxiliary units, 120–121 and battle plans, 198 and communication, 232 and forts, 79 as historian, 26–28 and knowledge of enemy, 196 and leaves, 149 and military architects, 78 and military music, 159 and military pay, 109 and military uniform, 154 and national numeri, 124 and naval and land forces, combining of, 207 and punishments, 146 and spoils of war, 107 and supplies, 112 and territorial expansion, 177–178 and troops in battle, use of, 197 and veterans, 166 and vigiles, 120 Tactica, 24 Tactical operations, 186–197 Tapae, 302, 307, 315, 316 Tarentum, 166 Tarquin (the elder), 51 Tarquinius Priscus, 38 Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud), 51 I n d e x 377 Tarruntenius (or Tarrutenius, or Taruttienus) Paternus, 31, 103, 104, 227, 235 Taunus, 177 Tax collection, 74 Taxation, 48, 71, 72–75 and agriculture, 74 and Augustus, 75 under emperors, 74–75 in late Roman army, 257 and Marcus Aurelius, 75 Tay River, 207, 223, 313 Teachers, of military medicine, 235 Technology, 237–239 and Caesar’s bridge across the Rhine, 239 and engineering, 237–238 and Greeks, 237 and metalworking, 239 and water engineers, 238 and weaponry and defense equipment, 238–239 Temple of Saturn, 321 (photo) Temporary camps, 192–194. See also Marching camps Tent, military, 191 Terentianus, transferred from fleet, 138 Terentius Varro, 276, 287 Term of service, 99, 122 Terrain, knowledge of, 195–196 Territorial expansion, 38–39, 52–54, 183–184, 247 as reason for war, 174–178 Territorium legionis, 113 Tertiolus, 213 Tertullian, 80 Tesserarius, 93, 100, 333 Tetrarchy, 61, 245, 246, 248, 259 Tettius Julianus, 302–303, 307, 316 Teutobergerwald, 10 Teutones, 271 Textile production, 260 Thames River, 261 Thapsus, 159, 289, 307, 309 Theodosius, Count, 185
378 I n d e x Theodosius I, the Great, 30, 247, 258, 259 Therapontes, 224 Thessalonika, 310 Thessaly, 308 Thrace (modern Bulgaria), 9, 81 Thracians, 118, 133, 143, 259 Throwing axe, 261. See also Weapons Thuburnica, 166 Tiber River, 38, 40, 89, 205 Tiberius, Emperor (ad 14–37), 27, 46, 60, 64, 119, 160, 163, 207, 223, 232, 236 biographical information on, 290–294 and Drusus, his brother, 160, 207, 222–223, 232, 291, 292, 293, 294 and Germanicus, his nephew, 293, 294, 295, 297, 298 and guard units, 118 marriage of, 290–291 and Praetorians, 117 and terroritial expansion, 175 and vigiles, 120 and virtus, 83 Tigranes, 277, 290 Tigranocerta, 301 Tigris River, 317, 319, 320 Timgad, 164 Tiridates, 299, 300 Tities, 87 Titles and rank, 59–60, 63–66, 88, 92–93, 98–105, 115, 117–122, 127–130, 149–152, 228–229, 331–334 importance of, 82–83 in late Roman army, 249–251, 254–258, 260 See also individual military titles and rank; under individual military units Titurius Sabinus, Quintus, 305 Titus, Emperor (ad 79–81), 23, 101, 187, 303 and auxiliary units, 121 and national numeri, 124 and punishment, 147 and taxation, 73 Tombstones, military, 10–12 inscriptions on, 8–9 Tomen-y-Mur, 194 Torch signals, 229, 230, 231 Tormenta, 104. See also Artillery Towers, research on, 325–326 Trade, 39–40, 44, 70 and frontiers, 182 Trading rights, 68 Traiectus, 207 Trainers, of military medicine, 235 Training, 133, 135–137 indoor exercise halls for, 137 officers responsible for, 136–137 and riding skills, 136 and weapons, 135–136 Trajan, Emperor (ad 98–117), 13, 15, 24, 26, 29, 40, 41, 41 (photo), 46, 47, 60, 71, 98, 103–104, 114, 133, 138, 224, 304, 307, 320, 324, 325, 332 and artillery, 216–217 and camel riders, 123 and citizenship, 165 and civil settlement, 79 and civilian protection, 80 and command and control, 200 and Dacian campaigns, 315–317 and decorations and medals, 151 and guard units, 118 and marching camps, 191 and national numeri, 123, 124 and naval and land forces, combining of, 207 and recruitment, 131, 132 and territorial expansion, 183 and unity, 150 Trajanic Wars, 17, 156 Trajan’s Column, 15, 15 (photo), 17, 104, 152, 155–156, 157, 158, 175 (photo), 207, 216, 224, 235, 315, 316 (photo), 317 Transalpine Gaul, 283, 311 Translations, and research, 327 Transmission of orders, 203–204 Transport, of supplies, 217–225 speed of, 224
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The Roman Army
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Copyright © 2006 by Pat Southern A
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vi C on ten ts Guard Troops: The Eq
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viii C on ten ts Britain in AD 83/8
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x The Roman A rmy and listened, to
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The Roman Army
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2 The Roman A rmy new adversaries,
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4 The Roman A rmy con tro l , co u
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6 The Roman A rmy tives asking for
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8 The Roman A rmy Bowman, 1983; Bow
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10 The Roman A rmy the overall pict
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12 The Roman A rmy Perhaps by way o
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14 The Roman A rmy The inner panels
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16 The Roman A rmy Trajan’s Colum
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18 The Roman A rmy build up a pictu
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20 The Roman A rmy freedom and inde
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22 The Roman A rmy vers and battles
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24 The Roman A rmy the tri bes of s
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26 The Roman A rmy Titus Livius (Li
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28 The Roman A rmy his work provide
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30 The Roman A rmy Hyginus cannot b
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32 The Roman A rmy 371 to 392 (Bran
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34 The Roman A rmy a rmy, f ron ti
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36 The Roman A rmy Prosopographia I
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38 The Roman A rmy Rome was founded
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40 The Roman A rmy supplies was vit
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42 Map of the Roman Empire in the m
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The term p ro v i n c i a did not o
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H i s t o r i c a l Ba c k g r o u
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Ancient sources for the regal perio
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intended to keep to himself, as wel
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Sharing power with a colleague was
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set the total at 600, a figure that
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The principal duties of the consuls
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the ri ght of i n terce s s i o, or
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During the Republic there were two
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The Army of the Roman Republic Chap
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class (classis means “calling”)
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n euvers but could also provi de ac
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total of 600 men, but the numbers o
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tilius Rufus, had assembled an army
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The Roman A rmy 97 Roman soldiers e
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have been awarded its title Victrix
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as h a s t a tus po s teri o r, t h
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The Roman A rmy 103 There was no ex
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of the ba ll i s t a ri i , u n der
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From time to time soldiers could lo
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The Roman A rmy 109 Standardization
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The military records were scru p u
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The Roman A rmy 113 Local provision
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nu s , h ad been sent to ga t h er
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The Roman A rmy 117 wise at the acc
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Troops in Rome: The Urban Cohorts a
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The Roman A rmy 121 constantly move
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L i ke the ju n i or of f i cers in
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these were the legionary centurions
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The Roman A rmy 127 The normal tour
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the other five were equestrian trib
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Recruitment Ot h er Ra n k s The Ro
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ashing. For the majority of recruit
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The Roman A rmy 135 Ha n n i b a l
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chosen, or whether they had to appl
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The Roman A rmy 139 Ch ee s m a n ,
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142 The Roman A rmy manders usually
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144 The Roman A rmy original recrui
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146 The Roman A rmy from battle, le
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148 The Roman A rmy unit prob a bly
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150 The Roman A rmy Alaudae (the la
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152 The Roman A rmy does not imply
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154 The Roman A rmy mental chronolo
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156 The Roman A rmy the knee , but
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158 The Roman A rmy verted bowl mad
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160 The Roman A rmy Holidays and Ob
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162 The Roman A rmy The purely mili
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164 The Roman A rmy m i s s i o) .
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166 The Roman A rmy skirts are laid
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168 The Roman A rmy As noted above,
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Chapter 5 The Roman Army at War Doc
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 173 ref u s
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 175 Soldier
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 177 Undated
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Map showing the locations of the fr
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Plan of Wallsend fort, which stood
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 183 Arch of
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 185 the fro
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tail, chiefly from Britain and to s
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• Mules carrying the sections of
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On the march, the eight men of a c
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 193 Tem por
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 195 The Rom
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 197 could t
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t h em . A good example of this is
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 201 ti on c
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 203 closely
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 205 the wal
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 207 36 bc,
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Chapter 6 Tools of War We a pon r y
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shield unwieldy and therefore usele
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spatha in an archaeological dig doe
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Engraving after The Catapult by Edw
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took rep l ace a ble spri n gs so t
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Tools of Wa r 219 animals by foragi
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Tools of Wa r 221 down to 5,000 men
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Tools of Wa r 223 and Tiberius as t
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individual soldiers or were corpora
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Tools of Wa r 227 3 5 . 2 - 4 ) . G
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e s pon den ce , dealt with em b a
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Tools of Wa r 231 s en t . As Po ly
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their own decisions about how to re
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Tools of Wa r 235 Several of the at
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V-shaped cut, and if the bullet is
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the majori ty being the legi on a r
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Tools of Wa r 241 Title page of a m
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Tools of Wa r 243 Dixon, Karen R.,
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246 The Roman A rmy The hard-presse
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248 The Roman A rmy of the late thi
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250 The Roman A rmy ing the third c
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252 Map of the later Roman Empire r
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254 The Roman A rmy Danube may owe
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256 The Roman A rmy ti ons should c
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258 The Roman A rmy PROFITEERING IN
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260 The Roman A rmy of ad 366 refer
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262 The Roman A rmy In the later Ro
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264 The Roman A rmy The late Roman
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Chapter 8 Great Soldiers and Battle
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iography surely starts with him, an
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G r e at S o l d i e r s a n d B at
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The greatest general of his day, Po
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scription comes from the pen of Sue
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tri be s , he cut of f the hands of
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ing one cohort from the third line
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conquered the rest of Britain after
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e fe r e n c e s a n d f u r t h e
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Chapter 9 Current Assessment Ma j o
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C u r r e n t A s s e s s m e n t 3
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Page 346 and 347: Appendix Rank Structure in the Roma
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Page 366 and 367: Index A note on Roman names: the Ro
Page 368 and 369: Arch of Severus, 14, 107, 321 (phot
Page 370 and 371: Black Sea, 241 Block-and-tackle, 23
Page 372 and 373: Cavalry, 91-92, 93, 94, 101-102, 14
Page 374 and 375: Cornelius Celsus, Aulus, 236-237 Co
Page 376 and 377: Elections, 2 Elginhaugh, 223 Elite
Page 378 and 379: and transmission of orders, 203 Gen
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Page 384 and 385: and treatment of wounds, 236-237 an
Page 386 and 387: Patrimonium, 74-75, 78 Pax Romana,
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Page 390 and 391: Senate, 59 and decision to go to wa
Page 394 and 395: See also Food supply; Supplies Trea
Page 396: and Praetorians, 117 and Urban Coho
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