The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History - Karatunov.net

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Senate, 59 and decision to go to war, 172–173, 176 and emperors, power of, 60 membership of, 61, 63 rule by, 50 and wealth, 61 Senatorial officers, 125, 127–128 Senators, 125, 127 and command and control, 201 Senior officers in late Roman army, 256–257 military pay of, 109 and titles and rank, 256–257. See also individual titles and rank; Titles and rank See also Officers Seniores, 88 Septimius Licinius, legionary, 103 Sequani, 283 Serdica (modern Sofia), 133 Sergius Catalina, Lucius (Catiline), 83, 281 Sertorius, Quintus, 273, 274–275, 280, 282 Sertorius Firmus, Lucius, 163 Servi, 224 Servian reforms, 64, 87–88 Servilius Caepio, Quintus, 271 Servius Galba, 305 Servius Tullius, 87 Sesquiplicarii, 109, 333, 334 Sestertius, 71 Settlements and veterans, 166–167 See also Civilian settlements Severus, Emperor (ad 193–211), 14, 15, 17, 47, 61, 79, 98, 107, 108 (photo), 126, 128, 145, 174, 176, 185, 223, 242, 245, 249–250, 317, 319 and coinage, 70 and command appointments, 254 as Consul, 65 and eastern campaigns, 318–321 and guard units, 118 and maps, 240 and military pay, 76, 108 and naval and land forces, combining of, 207 and Praetorians, 117 and territorial expansion, 176 and Urban Cohorts, 119 Severus Alexander, Emperor (ad 222–235) 113, 126, 327 Sextius Baculus, Publius (or Julius), 304–305 Sextius, Titus, 203 Shared knowledge, 328–329 Shield, 87, 88, 210 (photo). See also Weapons Sicily, 40, 52, 55, 70, 72, 111, 146, 218, 273, 274 Siege engines, 104 Siege train, 224 Signifer, 93, 100, 109, 333 Silanus, Marcus, 132 Silius, Gaius, 294, 296 Silvanus, 129 Singulares, 118 Skaptopara, 81 Skins (utres), 221. See also Food supply Slashing swords, 212–213 Slaves, 131, 224–225 and citizenship, 122 liberation of, 73 Sling bullets, 217. See also Weapons Slingers, 88 Slingshots, 217. See also Weapons Smoke signals, 229, 230 Social War, 55, 95–96, 131, 141, 272 Soldiers abuses of, 80–81 ages of, 92, 93 and armament, differences in, 93 and civilians, relationship between, 1, 76–82 and commanders, bond between, 56 discipline of, 4 duty of, 3 everyday military life of, 5–6 I n d e x 375
376 I n d e x Soldiers (continued) heroic, 302–307. See also individual soldiers and land ownership, 54–55 military career of, 4–5 protective role of, 77, 79–80 race and ethnicity of, 141–144, 329 service obligation of, 92 and women, 78, 79, 144–145 Sour wine (acetum), 221. See also Food supply Source(s), for study of Roman army, 2 ancient historians as, 19–28 archaeology as, 5–6 coins as, 18 diplomas as, 17–18 epigraphic records as, 8–10 itineraries as, 32–34 law codes as, 31–32 literary, 18–34 maps as, 32–34 military manuals as, 28–31 papyrus records as, 6–8 sculpture as, 10–17 writing tablets as, 6–8 South Shields, 112, 217, 219, 223 South Wales, 313 Spain, 20, 33, 39, 40, 52, 54, 57, 59, 69, 72, 95, 111, 112, 113, 125, 131, 135, 142, 163, 192, 196, 197, 198, 209, 212, 213, 218, 226, 247, 269, 273, 274, 275, 277, 279, 280, 281–282, 286, 289, 303, 307 Spanish War, 21 Spartacus, 275 Spartans, 88 Spatha (sword), 212–213, 261. See also Weapons Spear, 87. See also Weapons Spearheads, 261. See also Weapons Special (elite) units, 115–120 Speculatores, 117, 226, 227 Spiculum, 261 Spies, 226–227, 229 Spoils, of war, 107 Spolia opima, 171 Spurius Ligustinus, 125 Staff, headquarters, 105 Staff, medical, 235 Staff work, 199 Staius Murcus, 310 Stakes, 193 Standard (signum), 100 Standard bearers, military pay of, 109 State expenditure, 76 States, 44–47 methods of controlling, 4 Stationes, 227–228 Stertinus, Lucius, 295 Stilicho, 247 Stipendium. See Military pay Stojnik, 235 Stone inscriptions, 7, 8–10 Stone thrower, 213 Stones, 214–215, 217. See also Weapons Stone-throwing artillery, 214–216. See also Weapons Strabo, 278, 325 Stratagems (Frontinus), 23–24, 174 Strategikon (Emperor Maurice), 30–31, 32 Straubing, 5 Subordinate officers, quality of, 201–202. See also Officers Suebi, 226, 283, 284 Suetonius Paullinus, 307, 324 and Boudicca rebellion, 312–313 Suetonius Tranquillus, author, 25, 108, 118, 129, 130, 232, 293 Sulla. See Cornelius Sulla, Lucius Sulpicius Galba, 52 Suovetaurilia, 13 Supplies, 111–115 on campaign, 112 fuel, 111, 114–115 and harvesting, 113 and local provisions, 113 long-distance transport of, 112 during peacetime, 112 transport of, 217–225
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The Roman Army
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Copyright © 2006 by Pat Southern A
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vi C on ten ts Guard Troops: The Eq
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viii C on ten ts Britain in AD 83/8
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x The Roman A rmy and listened, to
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The Roman Army
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2 The Roman A rmy new adversaries,
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4 The Roman A rmy con tro l , co u
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6 The Roman A rmy tives asking for
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8 The Roman A rmy Bowman, 1983; Bow
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10 The Roman A rmy the overall pict
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12 The Roman A rmy Perhaps by way o
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14 The Roman A rmy The inner panels
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16 The Roman A rmy Trajan’s Colum
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18 The Roman A rmy build up a pictu
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20 The Roman A rmy freedom and inde
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22 The Roman A rmy vers and battles
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24 The Roman A rmy the tri bes of s
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26 The Roman A rmy Titus Livius (Li
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28 The Roman A rmy his work provide
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30 The Roman A rmy Hyginus cannot b
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32 The Roman A rmy 371 to 392 (Bran
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34 The Roman A rmy a rmy, f ron ti
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36 The Roman A rmy Prosopographia I
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38 The Roman A rmy Rome was founded
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40 The Roman A rmy supplies was vit
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42 Map of the Roman Empire in the m
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The term p ro v i n c i a did not o
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H i s t o r i c a l Ba c k g r o u
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Ancient sources for the regal perio
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intended to keep to himself, as wel
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Sharing power with a colleague was
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set the total at 600, a figure that
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The principal duties of the consuls
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the ri ght of i n terce s s i o, or
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During the Republic there were two
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The Army of the Roman Republic Chap
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class (classis means “calling”)
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n euvers but could also provi de ac
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total of 600 men, but the numbers o
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tilius Rufus, had assembled an army
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The Roman A rmy 97 Roman soldiers e
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have been awarded its title Victrix
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as h a s t a tus po s teri o r, t h
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The Roman A rmy 103 There was no ex
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of the ba ll i s t a ri i , u n der
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From time to time soldiers could lo
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The Roman A rmy 109 Standardization
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The military records were scru p u
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The Roman A rmy 113 Local provision
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nu s , h ad been sent to ga t h er
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The Roman A rmy 117 wise at the acc
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Troops in Rome: The Urban Cohorts a
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The Roman A rmy 121 constantly move
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L i ke the ju n i or of f i cers in
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these were the legionary centurions
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The Roman A rmy 127 The normal tour
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the other five were equestrian trib
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Recruitment Ot h er Ra n k s The Ro
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ashing. For the majority of recruit
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The Roman A rmy 135 Ha n n i b a l
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chosen, or whether they had to appl
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The Roman A rmy 139 Ch ee s m a n ,
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142 The Roman A rmy manders usually
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144 The Roman A rmy original recrui
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146 The Roman A rmy from battle, le
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148 The Roman A rmy unit prob a bly
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150 The Roman A rmy Alaudae (the la
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152 The Roman A rmy does not imply
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154 The Roman A rmy mental chronolo
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156 The Roman A rmy the knee , but
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158 The Roman A rmy verted bowl mad
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160 The Roman A rmy Holidays and Ob
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162 The Roman A rmy The purely mili
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164 The Roman A rmy m i s s i o) .
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166 The Roman A rmy skirts are laid
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168 The Roman A rmy As noted above,
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Chapter 5 The Roman Army at War Doc
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 173 ref u s
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 175 Soldier
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 177 Undated
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Map showing the locations of the fr
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Plan of Wallsend fort, which stood
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 183 Arch of
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 185 the fro
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tail, chiefly from Britain and to s
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• Mules carrying the sections of
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On the march, the eight men of a c
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 193 Tem por
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 195 The Rom
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 197 could t
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t h em . A good example of this is
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 201 ti on c
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 203 closely
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 205 the wal
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 207 36 bc,
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Chapter 6 Tools of War We a pon r y
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shield unwieldy and therefore usele
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spatha in an archaeological dig doe
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Engraving after The Catapult by Edw
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took rep l ace a ble spri n gs so t
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Tools of Wa r 219 animals by foragi
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Tools of Wa r 221 down to 5,000 men
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Tools of Wa r 223 and Tiberius as t
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individual soldiers or were corpora
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Tools of Wa r 227 3 5 . 2 - 4 ) . G
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e s pon den ce , dealt with em b a
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Tools of Wa r 231 s en t . As Po ly
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their own decisions about how to re
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Tools of Wa r 235 Several of the at
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V-shaped cut, and if the bullet is
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the majori ty being the legi on a r
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Tools of Wa r 241 Title page of a m
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Tools of Wa r 243 Dixon, Karen R.,
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246 The Roman A rmy The hard-presse
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248 The Roman A rmy of the late thi
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250 The Roman A rmy ing the third c
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252 Map of the later Roman Empire r
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254 The Roman A rmy Danube may owe
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256 The Roman A rmy ti ons should c
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258 The Roman A rmy PROFITEERING IN
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260 The Roman A rmy of ad 366 refer
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262 The Roman A rmy In the later Ro
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264 The Roman A rmy The late Roman
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Chapter 8 Great Soldiers and Battle
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iography surely starts with him, an
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G r e at S o l d i e r s a n d B at
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The greatest general of his day, Po
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scription comes from the pen of Sue
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tri be s , he cut of f the hands of
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ing one cohort from the third line
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conquered the rest of Britain after
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e fe r e n c e s a n d f u r t h e
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Chapter 9 Current Assessment Ma j o
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Page 344 and 345: of Rom a n s , provi n c i a l s ,
Page 346 and 347: Appendix Rank Structure in the Roma
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Page 366 and 367: Index A note on Roman names: the Ro
Page 368 and 369: Arch of Severus, 14, 107, 321 (phot
Page 370 and 371: Black Sea, 241 Block-and-tackle, 23
Page 372 and 373: Cavalry, 91-92, 93, 94, 101-102, 14
Page 374 and 375: Cornelius Celsus, Aulus, 236-237 Co
Page 376 and 377: Elections, 2 Elginhaugh, 223 Elite
Page 378 and 379: and transmission of orders, 203 Gen
Page 380 and 381: Javelin. See Pilum Javolenus Priscu
Page 382 and 383: Librarii, 105, 333 Liccaius (rival
Page 384 and 385: and treatment of wounds, 236-237 an
Page 386 and 387: Patrimonium, 74-75, 78 Pax Romana,
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Page 392 and 393: water, 111, 114, 221 See also Food
Page 394 and 395: See also Food supply; Supplies Trea
Page 396: and Praetorians, 117 and Urban Coho
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