The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History - Karatunov.net

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Bibliography A b b r e v i at i o n s AE Année Epigraphique ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt. Ed. H. Temporini. Berlin: de Gruyter. BAR British Archaeological Reports BJ Bonner Jahrbücher BMC Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum BRGK Bericht der Römisch-Germanisch Kommission CIL Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum CJ Codex Justiniani Class. Jnl. Classical Journal Cod. Th. Codex Theodosianus=The Theodosian Code and Novels and the Sirmondian Constitutions. Translated by C. Pharr. New York: Greenwood Press. Ep. Stud. Epigraphische Studien HA Historia Augusta = Scriptores Historiae Augustae IGR Inscriptiones Graecae ad Res Romanas Pertinentes. Paris: Leroux, 1902–1927. ILS Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae. Ed. H. Dessau. Berlin. 3 vols. JRA Journal of Roman Archaeology JRMES Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies JRS Journal of Roman Studies OCD Oxford Classical Dictionary. Eds. S. Hornblower and A. Spawforth. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996, 3rd ed. P. Dur Excavations at Dura-Europos: Final Report V Part I: The Parchments and Papyri. Eds. C.G. Welles, R.O. Fink, and J.F. Gilliam. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1959. P. Grenfell New Classical Fragments and Other Greek and Latin Papyri. Eds. B.P. Grenfell and A.S. Hunt. Oxford, 1897. P. Lond. Greek Papyri in the British Museum. Eds. F.G. Kenyon and H.I. Bell. London, 1893–. P. Mich. Papyri in the University of Michigan Collection. Eds. C.C. Edgar et al. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1931–. P. Oxy. The Oxyrhynchus Papyri. Eds. B.P. Grenfell et al. London, 1898–. P. Ryl Catalogue of the Greek Papyri in the John Rylands Library, Manchester. Eds. A.S. Hunt et al. Manchester, 1911–1952. 343
344 B i b l i o g r a p h y PBSR Papers of the British School at Rome PIR Prosopographia Imperii Romani saec. I. II. III. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1932–. RIC Roman Imperial Coinage (1923–) RIU Die Römische Inschriften Ungarns Vols. 1–4. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiado; Vol. 5. Bonn: Rudolf Habelt. A n c i e n t S o u r c e s Unless otherwise stated , the ancient works in this list appear in the ori ginal Latin or Greek with an English tra n s l a ti on in the Loeb ed i ti ons publ i s h ed by Un ivers i ty of Harvard Press. Ammianus Marcellinus Caesar. Civil War Caesar. Gallic War Digest. Trans. A. Watson. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985. Dio. Roman History Herodian. History of the Empire Hyginus. De Metatione Castrorum. Leipzig: Teubner, 1977 Lactantius. De Mortibus Persecutorum. Trans. J. L. Creed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984. Livy. History of Rome Orosius. Adversus paganos Historiarum. Pliny. Natural History Plutarch. Parallel Lives Polybius. The Histories Scriptores Historiae Augustae Strabo. Geography Suetonius. Twelve Caesars Tacitus. Agricola Tacitus. Annals Tacitus. Germania Tacitus. Histories Tertullian. Apologeticus. Ed. A. Sauter. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1926. Tertullian. De Anima. Ed. J. H. Waszink. Amsterdam: J. M. Meulenhoff, 1947. Vegetius. Epitoma Rei Militaris. Ed. A. Önnefors. Stuttgart: Teubner, 1995. Velleius Paterculus. Compendium of Roman History Vitruvius. The Ten Books on Architecture. Trans. M.H. Morgan. New York: Dover Publications.
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The Roman Army
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Copyright © 2006 by Pat Southern A
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vi C on ten ts Guard Troops: The Eq
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viii C on ten ts Britain in AD 83/8
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x The Roman A rmy and listened, to
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The Roman Army
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2 The Roman A rmy new adversaries,
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4 The Roman A rmy con tro l , co u
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6 The Roman A rmy tives asking for
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8 The Roman A rmy Bowman, 1983; Bow
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10 The Roman A rmy the overall pict
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12 The Roman A rmy Perhaps by way o
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14 The Roman A rmy The inner panels
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16 The Roman A rmy Trajan’s Colum
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18 The Roman A rmy build up a pictu
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20 The Roman A rmy freedom and inde
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22 The Roman A rmy vers and battles
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24 The Roman A rmy the tri bes of s
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26 The Roman A rmy Titus Livius (Li
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28 The Roman A rmy his work provide
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30 The Roman A rmy Hyginus cannot b
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32 The Roman A rmy 371 to 392 (Bran
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34 The Roman A rmy a rmy, f ron ti
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36 The Roman A rmy Prosopographia I
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38 The Roman A rmy Rome was founded
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40 The Roman A rmy supplies was vit
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42 Map of the Roman Empire in the m
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The term p ro v i n c i a did not o
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H i s t o r i c a l Ba c k g r o u
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Ancient sources for the regal perio
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intended to keep to himself, as wel
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Sharing power with a colleague was
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set the total at 600, a figure that
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The principal duties of the consuls
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the ri ght of i n terce s s i o, or
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During the Republic there were two
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The Army of the Roman Republic Chap
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class (classis means “calling”)
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n euvers but could also provi de ac
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total of 600 men, but the numbers o
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tilius Rufus, had assembled an army
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The Roman A rmy 97 Roman soldiers e
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have been awarded its title Victrix
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as h a s t a tus po s teri o r, t h
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The Roman A rmy 103 There was no ex
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of the ba ll i s t a ri i , u n der
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From time to time soldiers could lo
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The Roman A rmy 109 Standardization
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The military records were scru p u
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The Roman A rmy 113 Local provision
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nu s , h ad been sent to ga t h er
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The Roman A rmy 117 wise at the acc
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Troops in Rome: The Urban Cohorts a
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The Roman A rmy 121 constantly move
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L i ke the ju n i or of f i cers in
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these were the legionary centurions
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The Roman A rmy 127 The normal tour
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the other five were equestrian trib
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Recruitment Ot h er Ra n k s The Ro
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ashing. For the majority of recruit
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The Roman A rmy 135 Ha n n i b a l
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chosen, or whether they had to appl
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The Roman A rmy 139 Ch ee s m a n ,
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142 The Roman A rmy manders usually
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144 The Roman A rmy original recrui
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146 The Roman A rmy from battle, le
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148 The Roman A rmy unit prob a bly
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150 The Roman A rmy Alaudae (the la
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152 The Roman A rmy does not imply
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154 The Roman A rmy mental chronolo
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156 The Roman A rmy the knee , but
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158 The Roman A rmy verted bowl mad
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160 The Roman A rmy Holidays and Ob
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162 The Roman A rmy The purely mili
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164 The Roman A rmy m i s s i o) .
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166 The Roman A rmy skirts are laid
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168 The Roman A rmy As noted above,
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Chapter 5 The Roman Army at War Doc
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 173 ref u s
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 175 Soldier
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 177 Undated
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Map showing the locations of the fr
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Plan of Wallsend fort, which stood
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 183 Arch of
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 185 the fro
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tail, chiefly from Britain and to s
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• Mules carrying the sections of
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On the march, the eight men of a c
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 193 Tem por
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 195 The Rom
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 197 could t
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t h em . A good example of this is
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 201 ti on c
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 203 closely
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 205 the wal
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 207 36 bc,
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Chapter 6 Tools of War We a pon r y
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shield unwieldy and therefore usele
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spatha in an archaeological dig doe
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Engraving after The Catapult by Edw
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took rep l ace a ble spri n gs so t
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Tools of Wa r 219 animals by foragi
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Tools of Wa r 221 down to 5,000 men
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Tools of Wa r 223 and Tiberius as t
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individual soldiers or were corpora
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Tools of Wa r 227 3 5 . 2 - 4 ) . G
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e s pon den ce , dealt with em b a
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Tools of Wa r 231 s en t . As Po ly
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their own decisions about how to re
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Tools of Wa r 235 Several of the at
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V-shaped cut, and if the bullet is
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the majori ty being the legi on a r
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Tools of Wa r 241 Title page of a m
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Tools of Wa r 243 Dixon, Karen R.,
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246 The Roman A rmy The hard-presse
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248 The Roman A rmy of the late thi
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250 The Roman A rmy ing the third c
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252 Map of the later Roman Empire r
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254 The Roman A rmy Danube may owe
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256 The Roman A rmy ti ons should c
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258 The Roman A rmy PROFITEERING IN
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260 The Roman A rmy of ad 366 refer
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262 The Roman A rmy In the later Ro
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264 The Roman A rmy The late Roman
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Chapter 8 Great Soldiers and Battle
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iography surely starts with him, an
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G r e at S o l d i e r s a n d B at
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The greatest general of his day, Po
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Page 308 and 309: scription comes from the pen of Sue
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Page 324 and 325: ing one cohort from the third line
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Page 338 and 339: Chapter 9 Current Assessment Ma j o
Page 340 and 341: C u r r e n t A s s e s s m e n t 3
Page 342 and 343: C u r r e n t A s s e s s m e n t 3
Page 344 and 345: of Rom a n s , provi n c i a l s ,
Page 346 and 347: Appendix Rank Structure in the Roma
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Page 361 and 362: 346 B i b l i o g r a p h y Develin
Page 363 and 364: 348 B i b l i o g r a p h y Robinso
Page 366 and 367: Index A note on Roman names: the Ro
Page 368 and 369: Arch of Severus, 14, 107, 321 (phot
Page 370 and 371: Black Sea, 241 Block-and-tackle, 23
Page 372 and 373: Cavalry, 91-92, 93, 94, 101-102, 14
Page 374 and 375: Cornelius Celsus, Aulus, 236-237 Co
Page 376 and 377: Elections, 2 Elginhaugh, 223 Elite
Page 378 and 379: and transmission of orders, 203 Gen
Page 380 and 381: Javelin. See Pilum Javolenus Priscu
Page 382 and 383: Librarii, 105, 333 Liccaius (rival
Page 384 and 385: and treatment of wounds, 236-237 an
Page 386 and 387: Patrimonium, 74-75, 78 Pax Romana,
Page 388 and 389: Pulcher, Commander under Arrian, 20
Page 390 and 391: Senate, 59 and decision to go to wa
Page 392 and 393: water, 111, 114, 221 See also Food
Page 394 and 395: See also Food supply; Supplies Trea
Page 396: and Praetorians, 117 and Urban Coho
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